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Icacorea: Ardisia.
Idesia (Yobrants ides, Dutch traveler in China). Flacourtiaceae. Ornamental tree grown for its handsome large foliage and also for the attractive orange- red berries.
Deciduous: lvs. alternate, long-petioled. 3-5-nerved at the base, crenate-serrate; stipules small, caducous: fls. dioecious, in large terminal panicles; sepals 5 (3-6); petals wanting; stamens, numerous, with villous filaments; ovary 1-celled, with 3-6 spreading styles: fr. a many-seeded berry.—One species in S. Japan and Cent, and W. China.
This is a handsome tree with close grayish white bark and spreading branches forming a low broad head; the rather large lustrous leaves are borne on long reddish stalks; the flowers are not showy, but the orange- red berries, borne in pendulous racemes sometimes 10 inches long, are very conspicuous, particularly after the leaves have fallen. The plants raised from seeds recently introduced from Central China have proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum, at least in favorable positions, while the Japanese plant introduced about fifty years ago is not hardy north of Philadelphia; otherwise there is no difference between the Japanese and the Chinese plant. The tree grows quite rapidly while young and does not seem particular as to the soil. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate readily, and by greenwood and root-cuttings.
Idesia polycarpa, Maxim. (Polycarpa maximowiczii, Hort.). Tree, to 50 ft.: lvs. usually cordate-ovate, rarely oblong- ovate, acuminate, remotely crenate-serrate, deep green above, glaucous below, glabrous, 5-10 in. long; petiole 4-6 in. long: fls. greenish yellow, fragrant, in pendulous panicles 4—10 in. long; staminate fls. over ½ m. across, pistillate 1/3 in. June; fr. in Sept.-Nov. B.M. 6794. Gn. 12, p. 532; 13, p. 99. R.H. 1872, pp. 174, 175; 1888, pp. 463-5. F. 1874, pp. 64, 65. F.S.R. 2, p. 189. .H.S. 27:410. L.I. 11. S.I.F. 1:76. Gt. 39, p. 40 (habit). F.E. 24:853. G.C. III. 39:13. Var. vestita, Diels. Lvs. densely pubescent or tomentose below. W. China. Tender. var. crispa, Carr. Lvs. irregularly incised and curled. R.H. 1878, p. 254; 1888, p. 463. Gn. 15, p. 471. Var. foliis variegatis, Hort. Lvs. variegated with sulfur-yellow and gray.
Alfred Rehder.
Ilex (the ancient Latin name of Quercus ilex). Including Prinos and Othera. Aquifoliaceae (or Ilicineae). Holly. Ornamental woody plants, grown for their handsome foliage and the attractive mostly red berries.
Evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs: lvs. alternate, petioled, with small, caducous stipules, sometimes spiny: fls. dioecious, usually in rather few-fld. axillary cymes; calyx-lobes, petals and stamens usually 4, sometimes more; ovary superior; style very short: fr. a berry-like drupe, with 2-8 bony 1-seeded stones.— About 275 species in N. and S. Amer., Trop. and Temp. Asia, and few in Afr., Austral, and Eu. Monograph by Loesener in Nov. Act. Leop.-Carol. Acad. 71, pt. 1 (1901). For a horticultural monograph, see Dalli- more, Holly, Yew and Box, pp. 1-149 (1909), with many illustrations.
The hollies have medium-sized, simple leaves, small, inconspicuous, whitish flowers in axillary clusters or solitary, and black, red or sometimes yellow berries, remaining on the branches often until the following spring. Of the evergreen species, only I. glabra and I. opaca are hardy North, and also I. crenata in somewhat sheltered positions. I. aquifolium, I. pernyi, and 7. cornuta are more tender, but stand many degrees of frost if sheltered, while most of the others can be grown only in the South. Of the deciduous species, I. decidua, I. monticola, I. laevigata and 7. I. verticillata are hardy North; also I. serrata and some other Japanese species are hardy or nearly so. The hollies, especially those with scarlet or red berries, are highly ornamental, and the berried branches of I. opaca and I. aquifolium are in great demand for Christmas decoration. Also I. laevigata and I. verticillata, the prettiest in fruit of the deciduous kinds, are sometimes sold for this purpose. The deciduous species are mostly shrubs, while many of the evergreen species grow into small or medium-sized trees, and I. opaca is the tallest of the broad-leaved evergreens which are hardy North and thrives even on extremely poor soil, and has good color also; the evergreens I. crenata, and I. glabra always remain shrubby. I. aquifolium is a favorite evergreen in English gardens, and numerous varieties are there in cultivation; it also grows well on the Pacific coast from British Columbia to California. It stands severe pruning well, and can be clipped and trained into almost every shape; it also makes fine hedges, but its slow growth is a disadvantage. As the chief value of the deciduous species is in the ornamental fruits, and the hollies are dioecious, care should be taken to choose in planting mostly pistillate plants and a few staminate ones and to give the former the most prominent place. The light, close-grained and tough wood of some of the arborescent species is much valued for turnery-work, engraving and cabinent-making. The leaves of some tropical species, as I. paraguariensis and 7. conocarpa, yield a kind of tea known as Yerba de Mate, or Paraguay tea, which is much used in South America. The hollies grow best in rich, well-drained soil, and the evergreen ones in partly shaded situations, but I. laevigata, I. verticillata and also I. serrata prefer moist places, and grow even in swamps. Most of the species grow slowly, and are not easily transplanted when older. The best tune for moving the evergreen species is the early fall, when the young wood has almost ripened, or in the spring just before the plants start into new growth. The leaves should be stripped on I. opaca and I. aquifolium when transplanted, particularly if at all exposed—or at least nearly all. This is absolutely necessary to insure success. Wild hollies may be handled this way with success, particularly if cut back as well. Propagation is by seeds, which do not germinate until the second year, and are therefore stratified and treated like those of the slow-growing hawthorns. The young seedlings should be transplanted^ after the second year. The evergreen species may be" increased by cuttings of ripened wood under glass, especially the shrubby ones; they are also sometimes grafted or budded on seedlings of I. aquifolium or I. opaca.
Index.
albo-marginata, 21.
albo-picta, 22.
alteclarenois, 2.
amelanchier, 50.
angustifolia, 44.
aquifolium, 1.
argentea, 21.
argenteo-marginata , 21.
argenteo-medio-picta , 22.
argutidens, 53.
aureo-maculata, 23.
aureo-marginata, 24.
aureo-regina, 24.
aureo-picta latifolia, 25.
aureo-variegata, 46.
bronxensis, 52.
camelliaefolia, 20.
caroliniana, 45.
cassine, 44, 45.
chinensis, 8.
chrysocarpa, 52.
conspicua, 7.
cornuta, 36.
crenata, 46.
crispa, 19.
dahoon, 44.
decidua, 48.
dipyrena, 38.
dubia, 49.
echinata, 14.
fargesii, 42.
fastigiata, 52.
ferox, 14.
ferox argentea, 26.
ferox aurea, 27.
fortunei, 46.
fructu aurantiaco, 32.
fructu luteo, 31.
glabra, 47.
handsworthensis, 9.
hastate, 10.
herveyi, 51.
heterophylla, 15.
heterophylla aureo-picta, 28.
hodginsonii, 3.
integra, 40.
laevigata, 51.
latifolia, 4,41.
latifolia marginata, 24.
laurifolia, 16.
laurifolia longifolia, 20.
lineate, 11.
longifolia, 46.
luteo-variegata, 46.
macropoda, 49.
maderensis, 35.
magnifica, 20.
marginata, 17.
megalophylla, 42.
microphylla, 11,46.
mollis, 49.
monticola, 49.
mundyi, 7.
myrtifolia, 12, 44.
nobilis, 7.
opaca, 39.
othera, 40.
paraguariensis, 43.
paucispinosa, 38.
pendula, 33.
perado, 35.
pernyi, 37.
platyphylla, 35.
platyphyllos, 5.
princeps, 6.
pyramidalis, 34.
quercifolia, 39.
recurva, 19.
scotica, 18.
scotica aurea, 29.
serrata, 53.
serratifolia, 13.
shepherdii, 7.
sieboldii, 53.
tenuifolia, 52.
tortuosa, 19.
variegate, 35.
veitchii, 37.
verticillata, 52.
vomitoria, 45.
wateriana, 30.
wilsonii, 7.
xanthocarpa, 39,53.
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