Difference between revisions of "Ilex aquifolium"
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| + | |familia=Aquifoliaceae | ||
| + | |genus=Ilex | ||
| + | |species=aquifolium | ||
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| + | |common_name=Holly, European Holly, Christmas Holly | ||
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| + | |poisonous=yes | ||
| + | |lifespan=perennial | ||
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| − | + | '''''Ilex aquifolium''''' ('''Holly''', or '''European Holly''' to distinguish it from related species, may also be called Christmass Holly or Mexican Holly) is a species of [[holly]] native to western and southern [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]] and southwest [[Asia]].<ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Ilex&SPECIES_XREF=aquifolium&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref><ref name=mc>Med-Checklist: [http://ww2.bgbm.org/mcl/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=1263&PTRefFK=1273 ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref><ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=3088 ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref> | |
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| + | It is an [[evergreen]] [[tree]] growing to 10-25 m tall and 40-80 cm (rarely 1 m or more) trunk diameter, with smooth grey bark. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 5-12 cm long and 2-6 cm broad, variable in shape; on young plants and low branches, with three to five sharp spines on each side, pointing alternately upward and downward; on higher branches of older trees with few or no spines except for the leaf tip, often entire.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=fnwe/> | ||
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| + | The [[flower]]s are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], white, four-lobed, and pollinated by bees. The [[fruit]] is a red [[drupe]] 6-10 mm diameter, containing four pits; although mature in late autumn, they are very bitter due to the ilicin content<ref>Heinz, A. (1975). ''Drogenkunde''. W. de Gruyter ISBN 313566001X</ref>, and so are rarely touched by [[bird]]s until late winter after [[frost]] has made them softer and more palatable. | ||
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| − | Ilex aquifolium, Linn. English Holly | + | Ilex aquifolium, Linn. English Holly. Tree, to 40 ft., with short, spreading branches, forming an oblong or pyramidal head, in cult, often shrubby, glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, usually ovate or oblong- ovate, waved and with strong, spiny teeth,- shining, in. long: fr. scarlet, globular, shining. May, June. a. and Cent. Eu., W. Asia, China.—A very variable species. Osmanthus aquifolium, Sieb. & Zucc., an oleaceous shrub, which may readily be known by its opposite Ivs., is occasionally supplied by dealers as a variety of Ilex Aquifolium. |
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| + | Image:Hollyflowers.jpg|European Holly flowers; male above, female below (leaves cut to show flowers more clearly) | ||
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | ||
Revision as of 04:13, 15 March 2010
| Habit | tree
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| Height: | ⇕ | 10 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 10. to 25 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 25. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Poisonous: | ☠ | yes |
| USDA Zones: | 3 to 9.5 |
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Ilex > |
L. > |
Ilex aquifolium (Holly, or European Holly to distinguish it from related species, may also be called Christmass Holly or Mexican Holly) is a species of holly native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia.[1][2][3][4]
It is an evergreen tree growing to 10-25 m tall and 40-80 cm (rarely 1 m or more) trunk diameter, with smooth grey bark. The leaves are 5-12 cm long and 2-6 cm broad, variable in shape; on young plants and low branches, with three to five sharp spines on each side, pointing alternately upward and downward; on higher branches of older trees with few or no spines except for the leaf tip, often entire.[3][4]
The flowers are dioecious, white, four-lobed, and pollinated by bees. The fruit is a red drupe 6-10 mm diameter, containing four pits; although mature in late autumn, they are very bitter due to the ilicin content[5], and so are rarely touched by birds until late winter after frost has made them softer and more palatable.
Read about Ilex aquifolium in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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Ilex aquifolium, Linn. English Holly. Tree, to 40 ft., with short, spreading branches, forming an oblong or pyramidal head, in cult, often shrubby, glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, usually ovate or oblong- ovate, waved and with strong, spiny teeth,- shining, in. long: fr. scarlet, globular, shining. May, June. a. and Cent. Eu., W. Asia, China.—A very variable species. Osmanthus aquifolium, Sieb. & Zucc., an oleaceous shrub, which may readily be known by its opposite Ivs., is occasionally supplied by dealers as a variety of Ilex Aquifolium.
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Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
Gallery
European Holly flowers; male above, female below (leaves cut to show flowers more clearly)
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- ↑ Flora Europaea: Ilex aquifolium
- ↑ Med-Checklist: Ilex aquifolium
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Flora of NW Europe: Ilex aquifolium
- ↑ Heinz, A. (1975). Drogenkunde. W. de Gruyter ISBN 313566001X
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Ilex aquifolium. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Ilex aquifolium QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
