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Describe the plant here...+
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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
+|familia=Aquifoliaceae
+|genus=Ilex
+|species=aquifolium
+|taxo_author=L.
+|common_name=Holly, European Holly, Christmas Holly
+|habit=tree
+|Min ht box=10
+|Min ht metric=m
+|Max ht box=25
+|Max ht metric=m
+|height_ref=Wikipedia
+|poisonous=yes
+|lifespan=perennial
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
−|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
+|min_zone=3
−|image=Upload.png
+|max_zone=9.5
+|image=Acebo.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
−'''''Ilex aquifolium''''' ('''Holly''', or '''European Holly''' to distinguish it from related species, may also be called Christmass Holly or Mexican Holly) is a species of [[holly]] native to western and southern [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]] and southwest [[Asia]].<ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Ilex&SPECIES_XREF=aquifolium&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref><ref name=mc>Med-Checklist: [http://ww2.bgbm.org/mcl/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=1263&PTRefFK=1273 ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref><ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=3088 ''Ilex aquifolium'']</ref>
+It is an [[evergreen]] [[tree]] growing to 10-25 m tall and 40-80 cm (rarely 1 m or more) trunk diameter, with smooth grey bark. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 5-12 cm long and 2-6 cm broad, variable in shape; on young plants and low branches, with three to five sharp spines on each side, pointing alternately upward and downward; on higher branches of older trees with few or no spines except for the leaf tip, often entire.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=fnwe/>
+The [[flower]]s are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], white, four-lobed, and pollinated by bees. The [[fruit]] is a red [[drupe]] 6-10 mm diameter, containing four pits; although mature in late autumn, they are very bitter due to the ilicin content<ref>Heinz, A. (1975). ''Drogenkunde''. W. de Gruyter ISBN 313566001X</ref>, and so are rarely touched by [[bird]]s until late winter after [[frost]] has made them softer and more palatable.
+{{Inc|
{{Inc|
−Ilex aquifolium, Linn. English Holly. Fig. 1946. Tree, to 40 ft., with short, spreading branches, forming an oblong or pyramidal head, in cult, often shrubby, glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, usually ovate or oblong- ovate, waved and with strong, spiny teeth,- shining, in. long: fr. scarlet, globular, shining. May, June. a. and Cent. Eu., W. Asia, China. Gng. 4:83. H.W. 3, p. 51.—A very variable species. A full account of the numerous varieties cult, in England is given by T. Moore in G.C. II. 2, pp. 432, 519, 687, 750, 812; 4, pp. 687, 741; 5, pp. 43,365, 437, 624; 6, pp. 232, 389, 616, where 153 varieties are described and many of them figured. Some of the most important and most distinct are described below. Osmanthus aquifolium, Sieb. & Zucc., an oleaceous shrub, which may readily be known by its opposite Ivs., is occasionally supplied by dealers as a variety of Ilex Aquifolium.
+Ilex aquifolium, Linn. English Holly. Tree, to 40 ft., with short, spreading branches, forming an oblong or pyramidal head, in cult, often shrubby, glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, usually ovate or oblong- ovate, waved and with strong, spiny teeth,- shining, in. long: fr. scarlet, globular, shining. May, June. a. and Cent. Eu., W. Asia, China.—A very variable species. Osmanthus aquifolium, Sieb. & Zucc., an oleaceous shrub, which may readily be known by its opposite lvs., is occasionally supplied by dealers as a variety of Ilex Aquifolium.
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==Varieties==
==Varieties==
+{{Inc|
+2. Ilex aquifolium var. alteclarensis, Loud. Lvs. oval, large, thin and rather plain, with numerous teeth.
+3. Ilex aquifolium var. hodginsonii, Waterer. Lvs. roundish ovate, dark green, 2 ¾ -3 ¾ in. long, with distant and nearly equal spines.
+4. Ilex aquifolium var. latifolia, Loud. Lvs. oval, to 3 ½ in. long, with rather few, divaricate teeth.
+5. Ilex aquifolium var. platyphyllos, Goepp. Lvs. broadly ovate, to 3 1/2 in. long, with divaricate spines, thick, deep green.
+6. Ilex aquifolium var. princeps, Moore. Lvs. broadly ovate, to 4 ½ in. long, with strong, regular spines, dark green, with prominent veins below.
+7. Ilex aquifolium var. wilsonii, Hort. Lvs. oval, with numerous well-developed spines in the same plane, dark green, with distinct veins, up to 5 in. long: fr. large. In this group belong also, Ilex aquifolium var. conspicua, Moore; Ilex aquifolium var. mundyi, Hort.; Ilex aquifolium var. nobilis, Lawson; Ilex aquifolium var. shepherdii, Waterer.—The varieties of this group are probably mostly hybrids between I. aquifolium and I. perado.
+A geographical variety is 8, Ilex aquifolium var. chinensis, Loies. Lvs. ovate- oblong to oblong-lanceolate, spiny-dentate: fls. smaller. Cent. China.
+9. Ilex aquifolium var. handsworthensis, Fisher. Lvs. ovate-lanceolate, with numerous, moderately divaricate spines, projected toward the apex, glossy green.
+10. Ilex aquifolium var. hastata, Smith. Lvs. ovate- lanceolate, halbert-shaped; spines large, usually only 2-4 on each side at the base, the upper half usually entire.
+11. Ilex aquifolium var. microphylla, Fisher. Lvs. ovate-lanceolate, about 1 in. long, shining green, with small, equal plane spines. A very small-lvd. form, but Ilex aquifolium var. lineata, Waterer, is still smaller, and has the smallest lvs. of all.
+12. Ilex aquifolium var. myrtifolia, Waterer. Lvs. ovate-lanceolate, 1-1 ½ in. long, moderately spiny, rarely entire.
+13. Ilex aquifolium var. serratifolia, Loud. Lvs. ovate- lanceolate, stiff, with numerous small spiny teeth.
+14. Ilex aquifolium var. ferox, Ait. (I. echinata, Mill.). Lvs. of medium size, with strong teeth and numerous small spines on the upper convex surface. A very distinct variety, known as hedgehog holly.
+
+15. Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla, Ait. Lvs. oval or elliptic- ovate, about 2 ½ in. long, sometimes twisted near the apex, entire or with few spiny teeth.
+16. Ilex aquifolium var. laurifolia, Loud. Lvs. ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, usually quite entire.
+17. Ilex aquifolium var. marginata, Loud. Lvs. broadly ovate, sometimes twisted near the apex, with thickened entire margin.
+18. Ilex aquifolium var. scotica, Hort. Lvs. oval-obovate, blunt and rounded at the apex, rarely pointed, 1 ½ -2 in. long, with thickened, wavy entire margin.
+19. Ilex aquifolium var. recurva, Loud. (Ilex aquifolium var. crispa, Lawson; Ilex aquifolium var. tortuosa, Waterer). Lvs. oval and spirally twisted, with revolute margin, entire or with few spines, about 2 in. long: of dense habit.
+20. Ilex aquifolium var. camelliaefolia, Fisher (Ilex aquifolium var. magnifica, Hort.; Ilex aquifolium var. laurifolia longifolia, Hort.). Lvs. elliptic or oblong, acuminate, dark olive-green, very glossy, entire or with a few spines near the apex.
+
+21. Ilex aquifolium var. albo-marginata, Loud. (Ilex aquifolium var. argenteo-marginata, Hort.: Ilex aquifolium var. argentea, Hort.). Lvs. broadly ovate, to 2 ½ in. long with numerous irregular spines, dark green, the disk mottled with grayish green, with rather narrow silvery margin.
+22. Ilex aquifolium var. albo-picta, Loud. (var. argenteo-medio-picta, Hort.). Lvs. ovate, with divaricate spines, dark green, with a whitish center and a narrow, irregular, silvery margin.
+23. Var. aureo-maculata, Hort. Lvs. oblong-oval, 2 ½ in. long, with distant triangular, somewhat divaricate spines, with a large creamy-white blotch in the center, outer part of the margin dark green, inner part mottled pale gray.
+24. Var. aureo-regina, Hort. (Ilex aquifolium var. aurea- marginata and Ilex aquifolium var. lalifolia marginata, Hort.). Lvs. broadly ovate, to 3 in. long, with strongly divaricate spines, mottled with gray and green, with a broad, continuous golden yellow margin.
+25. Ilex aquifolium var. aureo-picta latifolia, Hort. Lvs. ovate or broadly ovate, 2 in. or more long, with a large, branching, deep yellow blotch in the middle, and with an irregular, deep glossy green margin.
+26. Ilex aquifolium var. ferox argentea, Loud. Like Ilex aquifolium var. ferox, but the margin and the surface spines creamy white.
+27. Ilex aquifolium var. ferox aurea, Loud., is like the former, but with yellow spines and margin.
+
+28. Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla aureo-picta, Hort. Lvs. ovate, flat, sometimes with few spines, about 2 ½ in. long, marked in the middle with a broad feathery blotch of bright yellow.
+29. Ilex aquifolium var. scotica aurea, Hort. Lvs. obovate, blunt, slightly wavy, about 1 ½ in. long, dark, mottled green, with a broad golden margin: of dwarf habit.
+30. Ilex aquifolium var. wateriana, Hort. Lvs. oblong or ovate, with a few spines, or entire and plain and obtuse, about 2 in. long, mottled with gray and yellowish green and edged with a broad, irregular golden band.
+
+There are also some other varieties in cultivation, as 31, Ilex aquifolium var. fructu luteo, Lawson, with yellow, and 32, Ilex aquifolium var. fructu aurantiaco, Paul, with orange berries; 33, Ilex aquifolium var. pendula, Waterer, with pendulous branches; and 34, Ilex aquifolium var. pyramidalis, Hort., with ascending branches, forming a narrow, oblong head.
+}}
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
<gallery perrow=5>
+Image:Hollyflowers.jpg|European Holly flowers; male above, female below (leaves cut to show flowers more clearly)
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 2