Difference between revisions of "Iochroma"
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{{SPlantbox | {{SPlantbox | ||
+ | |familia=Solanaceae | ||
+ | |genus=Iochroma | ||
+ | |taxo_author=Benth. | ||
+ | |features=flowers | ||
+ | |flowers=red | ||
|Temp Metric=°F | |Temp Metric=°F | ||
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! | |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! | ||
− | |image= | + | |image=Iochroma fuchsioides.jpg |
|image_width=240 | |image_width=240 | ||
+ | |image_caption=Iochroma fuchsioides | ||
}} | }} | ||
+ | '''''Iochroma''''' is a genus of about 24 species of [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s found in the forests of [[South America]]. They range from Colombia to Argentina or when certain species are excluded (see below) from Colombia to Peru. Their hummingbird pollinated [[flower]]s are tubular or trumpet-shaped, and may be blue, purple, red, yellow, or white, becoming pulpy [[Berry|berries]]. The cupular calyx is inflated in some species. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, and entire. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Iochromas are cultivated as flowering ornamentals and in cooler zones (zones 7-8/9) make useful patio shrubs for summer display or conservatory plants. The majority are not frost hardy and must be overwintered under protection. In warmer zones (zones 9-10) they can be used as landscape plants. They are commonly trained as standards ([[topiary]]) to control their size and shape. Iochroma flowers attract hummingbirds (Americas only) and bees to gardens. | ||
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{{Inc| | {{Inc| | ||
Iochroma (Greek, violet-colored). Solanaceae. Flowering shrubs cultivated outdoors in California and under glass in Europe. | Iochroma (Greek, violet-colored). Solanaceae. Flowering shrubs cultivated outdoors in California and under glass in Europe. | ||
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− | + | ==Cultivation== | |
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− | + | ===Propagation=== | |
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− | + | ===Pests and diseases=== | |
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− | The family Solanaceae is further divided into subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. Iochroma is in the subtribe Iochrominae along with the genera Acnistus, Dunalia, Eriolarynx, Saracha, and Vassobia. | + | ==Varieties== |
+ | The family Solanaceae is further divided into subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. ''Iochroma'' is in the subtribe Iochrominae along with the genera ''Acnistus'', ''Dunalia'', ''Eriolarynx'', ''Saracha'', and ''Vassobia''. | ||
'''Species''' | '''Species''' | ||
− | The genus Iochroma is not completely known. | + | The genus ''Iochroma'' is not completely known. Several of the species listed here are known to have resulted from hybridisation in the wild and there is extensive synonymy which is not recorded here. Recent research indicates that some of the species listed here are not ''Iochroma'' (see notes) although changes in nomenclature have not formally been published. There are also known to be undescribed species. |
The genus is currently divided into 3 sections. | The genus is currently divided into 3 sections. | ||
Section Iochroma | Section Iochroma | ||
− | *Iochroma albianthum S. Leiva | + | *''[[Iochroma albianthum]]'' S. Leiva |
− | *Iochroma australe Grisebach (see notes) | + | *''[[Iochroma australe]]'' Grisebach (see notes) |
− | *Iochroma ayabacense S. Leiva | + | *''[[Iochroma ayabacense]]'' S. Leiva |
− | *Iochroma calycinum Bentham | + | *''[[Iochroma calycinum]]'' Bentham |
− | *Iochroma confertiflorum (Miers) Hunziker | + | *''[[Iochroma confertiflorum]]'' (Miers) Hunziker |
− | *Iochroma cornifolium Miers | + | *''[[Iochroma cornifolium]]'' Miers |
− | *Iochroma cyaneum (Lindley) M. L. Green | + | *''[[Iochroma cyaneum]]'' (Lindley) M. L. Green |
− | *Iochroma edule S. Leiva | + | *''[[Iochroma edule]]'' S. Leiva |
− | *Iochroma fuchsioides Miers | + | *''[[Iochroma fuchsioides]]'' Miers |
− | *Iochroma gesnerioides (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) Miers | + | *''[[Iochroma gesnerioides]]'' (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) Miers |
− | *Iochroma grandiflorum Bentham | + | *''[[Iochroma grandiflorum]]'' Bentham |
− | *Iochroma loxense Miers | + | *''[[Iochroma loxense]]'' Miers |
− | *Iochroma nitidum S. Leiva & Quipuscoa | + | *''[[Iochroma nitidum]]'' S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa |
− | *Iochroma peruvianum (Dunal) J. F. Macbride | + | *''[[Iochroma peruvianum]]'' (Dunal) J. F. Macbride |
− | *Iochroma sagasteguii sp. nov | + | *''[[Iochroma piuram]]'' S. Leiva |
− | *Iochroma salpoanum S. Leiva & P. Lezama | + | *''[[Iochroma sagasteguii]]'' sp. nov ined. |
− | *Iochroma schjellerupii S. Leiva & Quipuscoa | + | *''[[Iochroma salpoanum]]'' S. Leiva & P. Lezama |
− | *Iochroma squamosum S. Leiva & Quipuscoa | + | *''[[Iochroma schjellerupii]]'' S. Leiva & Quipuscoa |
− | *Iochroma stenanthum S. Leiva, Quipuscoa & Sawyer | + | *''[[Iochroma squamosum]]'' S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa |
− | *Iochroma tingoense sp. nov | + | *''[[Iochroma stenanthum]]'' S. Leiva, V. Quipuscoa & N. W. Sawyer |
− | *Iochroma tupayachianum S.Leiva | + | *''[[Iochroma tingoense]]'' sp. nov ined. |
− | *Iochroma umbellatum (Ruiz & Pavon) D'Arcy | + | *''[[Iochroma tupayachianum]]'' S. Leiva |
+ | *''[[Iochroma umbellatum]]'' (Ruiz & Pavon) D'Arcy | ||
Section Lehmannia | Section Lehmannia | ||
− | *Iochroma ellipticum (Hook.f.) Hunziker | + | *''[[Iochroma ellipticum]]'' (Hook.f.) Hunziker |
− | *Iochroma lehmannii Bitter | + | *''[[Iochroma lehmannii]]'' Bitter |
Section Spinosa | Section Spinosa | ||
− | *Iochroma cardenasianum Hunziker (see notes) | + | *''[[Iochroma cardenasianum]]'' Hunziker (see notes) |
− | *Iochroma parvifolium (Roemer & Schultes) D’Arcy (see notes) | + | *''[[Iochroma parvifolium]]'' (Roemer & Schultes) D’Arcy (see notes) |
Notes: | Notes: | ||
− | Iochroma australe is not an Iochroma but an Eriolarynx. | + | ''Iochroma australe'' is not an ''Iochroma'' but an ''Eriolarynx''. Occurring in Bolivia and Argentina this is the southernmost species of ''Iochroma'' and its removal from the genus affects the geographic range as indicated above. |
− | Iochroma cardenasianum is not an Iochroma and not a member of the tribe Physaleae (incl. subtribe Iochrominae) but the tribe Datureae | + | ''Iochroma cardenasianum'' is not an ''Iochroma'' and not a member of the tribe Physaleae (incl. subtribe Iochrominae) but the tribe Datureae. |
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+ | ''Iochroma parviflorum'' is not an ''Iochroma'' but a ''Dunalia''. | ||
'''Iochromas as ornamentals''' | '''Iochromas as ornamentals''' | ||
− | Several forms of Iochroma (some wild collected, some garden hybrids) have been given cultivar names. | + | Several forms of Iochroma (some wild collected, some garden hybrids) have been given cultivar names. Some of the cultivars have been assigned to species but others, mainly hybrids, have not. There may be some synonymy in this list. |
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− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma australe'' ‘Andean Snow’ |
− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma australe'' ‘Bill Evans’ |
− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma australe'' ‘Sunrise’ |
− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma calycinum'' ‘Vlasta’s Surprise’ |
− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Album’ |
− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Apricot Belle’ |
− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Indigo’ |
− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Karl Hartweg’ |
− | *Iochroma | + | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘John Miers’ |
+ | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Royal Blue’, | ||
+ | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' 'Royal Queen' = ''I. cyaneum'' 'Indigo' | ||
+ | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Sky King’, | ||
+ | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Trebah’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Woodcote White’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma gesnerioides'' ‘Coccineum’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma gesnerioides'' var. ''flavum'' | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Ashcott Red’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Burgundy Bells’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Frosty Plum’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Ilie’s Plum’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Plum Beauty’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Plum Delight’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Purple Haze’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' 'Ruby Red' (''I. cyaneum'' 'Royal Blue' x ''I''. 'Sunset') | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Sunset’ | ||
+ | *''Iochroma'' ‘Wine Red’ | ||
− | + | ==Gallery== | |
− | + | <gallery perrow=5> | |
− | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 | |
+ | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | ||
+ | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | ==References== | ||
+ | <references/> | ||
+ | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 | ||
+ | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> | ||
+ | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> | ||
+ | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> | ||
+ | ==External links== | ||
+ | *{{wplink}} | ||
− | + | {{stub}} | |
+ | __NOTOC__ |
Latest revision as of 21:01, 18 March 2010
Features: | ✓ | flowers |
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Flower features: | ❀ | red |
Iochroma > |
Benth. > |
If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
Iochroma is a genus of about 24 species of shrubs and small trees found in the forests of South America. They range from Colombia to Argentina or when certain species are excluded (see below) from Colombia to Peru. Their hummingbird pollinated flowers are tubular or trumpet-shaped, and may be blue, purple, red, yellow, or white, becoming pulpy berries. The cupular calyx is inflated in some species. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire.
Iochromas are cultivated as flowering ornamentals and in cooler zones (zones 7-8/9) make useful patio shrubs for summer display or conservatory plants. The majority are not frost hardy and must be overwintered under protection. In warmer zones (zones 9-10) they can be used as landscape plants. They are commonly trained as standards (topiary) to control their size and shape. Iochroma flowers attract hummingbirds (Americas only) and bees to gardens.
Read about Iochroma in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
|
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Iochroma (Greek, violet-colored). Solanaceae. Flowering shrubs cultivated outdoors in California and under glass in Europe. In the wild, shrubs or small trees; spineless, glabrous or mostly stellate-tomentose: lvs. entire, often large: fls. purple, blue, scarlet, yellow or white, in clusters or on twin pedicels; corolla long-tubular or narrow- trumpet-shaped, with 5 short or very small lobes, the throat more or less closed by appendages or folds; stamens inserted in the tube, included or exserted; disk present or absent; ovary 2-celled: fr. a pulpy berry.—Species about 20, mostly in W. Trop. S. Amer.
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Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
The family Solanaceae is further divided into subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. Iochroma is in the subtribe Iochrominae along with the genera Acnistus, Dunalia, Eriolarynx, Saracha, and Vassobia.
Species
The genus Iochroma is not completely known. Several of the species listed here are known to have resulted from hybridisation in the wild and there is extensive synonymy which is not recorded here. Recent research indicates that some of the species listed here are not Iochroma (see notes) although changes in nomenclature have not formally been published. There are also known to be undescribed species.
The genus is currently divided into 3 sections.
Section Iochroma
- Iochroma albianthum S. Leiva
- Iochroma australe Grisebach (see notes)
- Iochroma ayabacense S. Leiva
- Iochroma calycinum Bentham
- Iochroma confertiflorum (Miers) Hunziker
- Iochroma cornifolium Miers
- Iochroma cyaneum (Lindley) M. L. Green
- Iochroma edule S. Leiva
- Iochroma fuchsioides Miers
- Iochroma gesnerioides (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) Miers
- Iochroma grandiflorum Bentham
- Iochroma loxense Miers
- Iochroma nitidum S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa
- Iochroma peruvianum (Dunal) J. F. Macbride
- Iochroma piuram S. Leiva
- Iochroma sagasteguii sp. nov ined.
- Iochroma salpoanum S. Leiva & P. Lezama
- Iochroma schjellerupii S. Leiva & Quipuscoa
- Iochroma squamosum S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa
- Iochroma stenanthum S. Leiva, V. Quipuscoa & N. W. Sawyer
- Iochroma tingoense sp. nov ined.
- Iochroma tupayachianum S. Leiva
- Iochroma umbellatum (Ruiz & Pavon) D'Arcy
Section Lehmannia
- Iochroma ellipticum (Hook.f.) Hunziker
- Iochroma lehmannii Bitter
Section Spinosa
- Iochroma cardenasianum Hunziker (see notes)
- Iochroma parvifolium (Roemer & Schultes) D’Arcy (see notes)
Notes:
Iochroma australe is not an Iochroma but an Eriolarynx. Occurring in Bolivia and Argentina this is the southernmost species of Iochroma and its removal from the genus affects the geographic range as indicated above.
Iochroma cardenasianum is not an Iochroma and not a member of the tribe Physaleae (incl. subtribe Iochrominae) but the tribe Datureae.
Iochroma parviflorum is not an Iochroma but a Dunalia.
Iochromas as ornamentals
Several forms of Iochroma (some wild collected, some garden hybrids) have been given cultivar names. Some of the cultivars have been assigned to species but others, mainly hybrids, have not. There may be some synonymy in this list.
- Iochroma australe ‘Andean Snow’
- Iochroma australe ‘Bill Evans’
- Iochroma australe ‘Sunrise’
- Iochroma calycinum ‘Vlasta’s Surprise’
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘Album’
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘Apricot Belle’
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘Indigo’
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘Karl Hartweg’
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘John Miers’
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘Royal Blue’,
- Iochroma cyaneum 'Royal Queen' = I. cyaneum 'Indigo'
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘Sky King’,
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘Trebah’
- Iochroma cyaneum ‘Woodcote White’
- Iochroma gesnerioides ‘Coccineum’
- Iochroma gesnerioides var. flavum
- Iochroma ‘Ashcott Red’
- Iochroma ‘Burgundy Bells’
- Iochroma ‘Frosty Plum’
- Iochroma ‘Ilie’s Plum’
- Iochroma ‘Plum Beauty’
- Iochroma ‘Plum Delight’
- Iochroma ‘Purple Haze’
- Iochroma 'Ruby Red' (I. cyaneum 'Royal Blue' x I. 'Sunset')
- Iochroma ‘Sunset’
- Iochroma ‘Wine Red’
Gallery
References
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Iochroma. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Iochroma QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)