Difference between revisions of "Berry"

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[[Image:Berries (USDA ARS).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Several types of "berries" from the market.]]
 
[[Image:Berries (USDA ARS).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Several types of "berries" from the market.]]
[[Image:Rainforestwildberry.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Wild berry from Sumatran rainforest]]
 
 
The term '''berry''', in common parlance and in [[cuisine]], refers generically to any small, edible fruit with multiple seeds. [[fruit#Aggregate fruit|Aggregate fruits]] such as the [[blackberry]], the [[raspberry]], and the [[boysenberry]] are also berries in this sense, but not the botanical.
 
 
These fruits tend to be small, sweet, juicy, and of a bright color contrasting with their background to make them more attractive to animals that eat them, thus [[biological dispersal|dispersing]] the seeds of the plant.
 
 
In [[botany]], the '''berry''' is the most common type of simple fleshy [[fruit]]; a fruit in which the entire [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] wall ripens into an edible [[pericarp]]. The flowers of these plants have a [[ovary (plants)#superior ovary|superior ovary]] and they have one or more [[carpel]]s within a thin covering and very fleshy interiors. The [[seed]]s are embedded in the common flesh of the ovary. Examples of botanical berries include the [[tomato]], [[grape]], [[litchi]], [[kumquat]], [[plantain]], [[avocado]], [[persimmon]], [[eggplant]], [[guava]], [[uchuva]] (ground cherry), and [[chile pepper]].
 
 
The fruit of [[citrus]], such as the [[orange (fruit)|orange]] and [[lemon]], is a modified berry called a ''[[hesperidium]]''. The fruit of [[cucumber]]s and their relatives are modified berries called "[[Pepo|pepoes]]". A plant that bears berries is referred to as ''bacciferous''.
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
 
! colspan=4 | Botanical parlance
 
|-
 
! Berry
 
! Pepo
 
! Hesperidium
 
! Not a berry
 
|-
 
! rowspan=2 | Common parlance
 
! Berry
 
| [[Grape]], [[Ribes|Currant]], [[Cranberry]], [[Blueberry]], [[Gooseberry]]
 
|
 
|
 
| [[Strawberry]], [[Blackberry]], [[Raspberry]], [[Boysenberry]]
 
|-
 
! Not a berry
 
| [[Tomato]], [[Persimmon]], [[Eggplant]], [[Guava]], [[Chili pepper]], [[Pomegranate]]
 
| [[squash (fruit)|Squash]], [[Pumpkin]], [[Gourd]], [[Cucumber]], [[Melon]], [[Cantaloupe]], [[Watermelon]],
 
| [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]], [[Lemon]], [[Lime (fruit)|Lime]], [[Grapefruit]]
 
| [[Apple]], [[Peach]], [[Green bean]], [[Sunflower seed]], (''not a comprehensive listing'')
 
|}
 
 
 
[[Image:Alaska wild berries.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Alaska wild "berries" from the [[Innoko National Wildlife Refuge]].]]
 
[[Image:Alaska wild berries.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Alaska wild "berries" from the [[Innoko National Wildlife Refuge]].]]
 +
Pulpy, indehiscent, few- or many-seeded fruit; technically, the pulpy [[fruit]] resulting from a single [[pistil]], containing one or more [[seed]]s but no true [[stone]], as the [[tomato]].
  
==See also==
+
{{glossary}}
*[[List of fruits]]
 
*[[Epigynous berry]]
 
 
 
==External links==
 
*[http://www.nccpg.com/Default.Aspx?Page.Aspx?Page=161 The National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens] - Description of berries
 
*[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576964/Fruit.html Encarta.msn.com] - Differentiation between true berries, pepos, and hesperidia
 
 
 
 
 
{{fruits}}
 
 
 
[[Category:fruit]]
 
[[Category:plant morphology]]
 

Latest revision as of 15:42, 27 March 2010

Several types of "berries" from the market.
Alaska wild "berries" from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge.

Pulpy, indehiscent, few- or many-seeded fruit; technically, the pulpy fruit resulting from a single pistil, containing one or more seeds but no true stone, as the tomato.


This article contains a definition from the Glossary of Gardening Terms.