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| | [[Image:Berries (USDA ARS).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Several types of "berries" from the market.]] | | [[Image:Berries (USDA ARS).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Several types of "berries" from the market.]] |
| − | [[Image:Rainforestwildberry.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Wild berry from Sumatran rainforest]]
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| − | The term '''berry''', in common parlance and in [[cuisine]], refers generically to any small, edible fruit with multiple seeds. [[fruit#Aggregate fruit|Aggregate fruits]] such as the [[blackberry]], the [[raspberry]], and the [[boysenberry]] are also berries in this sense, but not the botanical.
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| − | These fruits tend to be small, sweet, juicy, and of a bright color contrasting with their background to make them more attractive to animals that eat them, thus [[biological dispersal|dispersing]] the seeds of the plant.
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| − | In [[botany]], the '''berry''' is the most common type of simple fleshy [[fruit]]; a fruit in which the entire [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] wall ripens into an edible [[pericarp]]. The flowers of these plants have a [[ovary (plants)#superior ovary|superior ovary]] and they have one or more [[carpel]]s within a thin covering and very fleshy interiors. The [[seed]]s are embedded in the common flesh of the ovary. Examples of botanical berries include the [[tomato]], [[grape]], [[litchi]], [[kumquat]], [[plantain]], [[avocado]], [[persimmon]], [[eggplant]], [[guava]], [[uchuva]] (ground cherry), and [[chile pepper]].
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| − | The fruit of [[citrus]], such as the [[orange (fruit)|orange]] and [[lemon]], is a modified berry called a ''[[hesperidium]]''. The fruit of [[cucumber]]s and their relatives are modified berries called "[[Pepo|pepoes]]". A plant that bears berries is referred to as ''bacciferous''.
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
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| − | ! colspan=4 | Botanical parlance
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Berry
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| − | ! Pepo
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| − | ! Hesperidium
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| − | ! Not a berry
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| − | |-
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| − | ! rowspan=2 | Common parlance
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| − | ! Berry
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| − | | [[Grape]], [[Ribes|Currant]], [[Cranberry]], [[Blueberry]], [[Gooseberry]]
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| − | | [[Strawberry]], [[Blackberry]], [[Raspberry]], [[Boysenberry]]
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Not a berry
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| − | | [[Tomato]], [[Persimmon]], [[Eggplant]], [[Guava]], [[Chili pepper]], [[Pomegranate]]
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| − | | [[squash (fruit)|Squash]], [[Pumpkin]], [[Gourd]], [[Cucumber]], [[Melon]], [[Cantaloupe]], [[Watermelon]],
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| − | | [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]], [[Lemon]], [[Lime (fruit)|Lime]], [[Grapefruit]]
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| − | | [[Apple]], [[Peach]], [[Green bean]], [[Sunflower seed]], (''not a comprehensive listing'')
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| − | |}
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| | [[Image:Alaska wild berries.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Alaska wild "berries" from the [[Innoko National Wildlife Refuge]].]] | | [[Image:Alaska wild berries.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Alaska wild "berries" from the [[Innoko National Wildlife Refuge]].]] |
| | + | Pulpy, indehiscent, few- or many-seeded fruit; technically, the pulpy [[fruit]] resulting from a single [[pistil]], containing one or more [[seed]]s but no true [[stone]], as the [[tomato]]. |
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| − | ==See also==
| + | {{glossary}} |
| − | *[[List of fruits]]
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| − | *[[Epigynous berry]]
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | *[http://www.nccpg.com/Default.Aspx?Page.Aspx?Page=161 The National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens] - Description of berries
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| − | *[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576964/Fruit.html Encarta.msn.com] - Differentiation between true berries, pepos, and hesperidia
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| − | {{fruits}} | |
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| − | [[Category:fruit]]
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| − | [[Category:plant morphology]]
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