Difference between revisions of "Tagetes"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| name = ''Tagetes''
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|familia=Asteraceae
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| image = French marigold.jpg
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|genus=Tagetes
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| image_width = 240px
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|common_name=Marigold
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| image_caption = French Marigold
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|habit=herbaceous
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|origin=Tropical/warm America, Africa
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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|lifespan=perennial, annual
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|exposure=sun
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| ordo = [[Asterales]]
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|water=moderate
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| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
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|features=flowers
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| tribus = [[Tageteae]]
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|flowers=orange, yellow
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| genus = '''''Tagetes'''''
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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|image=French marigold.jpg
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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|image_width=240
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| subdivision =  
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|image_caption=French Marigold
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About 59, including:<br>
 
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''[[Tagetes erecta]]''<br>
 
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''[[Tagetes filifolia]]''<br>
 
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''[[Tagetes lacera]]''<br>
 
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''[[Tagetes lucida]]''<br>
 
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''[[Tagetes minuta]]''<br>
 
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''[[Tagetes patula]]''<br>
 
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''[[Tagetes tenuifolia]]''<br>
 
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as well as numerous hybrids
 
 
}}
 
}}
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[[Image:Tagetes lucida (tagete luisante).JPG|thumb|left|''Tagetes lucida'']]
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'''''Tagetes''''' is a [[genus]] of 51 species of [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant]]s in the [[daisy family]] ([[Asteraceae]] or [[Compositae]]). They are native to the area stretching from the southwestern [[United States]] into [[Mexico]] and south throughout [[South America]].  The different species vary in size from 0.05-2.2 m tall. They have pinnate green [[Leaf|leaves]], and white, golden, orange, yellow, to an almost red [[Flower|floral]] heads typically (0.1-) to 4-6 cm diameter, generally with both ray florets and disc florets{{wp}}.
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[[Image:Tagetes minuta00.jpg|thumb|left|''Tagetes minuta'']]
 
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'''''Tagetes''''' is a [[genus]] of about 60 species of [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant]]s in the [[daisy family]] ([[Asteraceae]]). They are native to the area stretching from the southwestern United States into [[Mexico]] and south throughout [[South America]].
 
  
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They are known almost universally in North America as '''Marigold''' (not to be confused with the genus ''[[Calendula]]'', which goes by the same name in some areas), or variously as '''Mexican marigolds''' (or ''[[cempasúchil]]''), '''African marigolds''' (usually referring to cultivars and hybrids of ''T. erecta'', although this species is not native to Africa), or '''French marigolds''' (usually referring to hybrids and cultivars of ''T. patula'', many of which were developed in France although the species is not native to that country). At least one species is a naturalized weed in Africa, Hawaii, and Australia.
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''Tagetes'' (possibly from the name of an [[Etruscan mythology|Etruscan]] god<ref>http://www.plants.am/wiki/Tagetes</ref>) are known almost universally in North America as '''marigold''', or variously as '''Mexican marigolds''' (or ''[[cempasúchil]]''), '''African marigolds''' (usually referring to cultivars and hybrids of ''T. erecta'', although this species is not native to Africa), or '''French marigolds''' (usually referring to hybrids and cultivars of ''T. patula'', many of which were developed in France although the species is not native to that country). At least one species is a naturalized weed in Africa, Hawaii, and Australia{{wp}}.
  
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The different species vary in size from 0.05-2.2 m tall. They have pinnate green [[Leaf|leaves]], and white, golden, orange, yellow, to an almost red [[Flower|floral]] heads typically (0.1-) to 4-6 cm diameter, generally with both ray florets and disc florets.
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"Marigold" is derived from "Mary's Gold", and the plant is associated with the Virgin Mary in Christian stories. ''Tagetes'' is not to be confused with the genus ''[[Calendula]]'', which goes by "marigold" in some areas.  See "[[marigold]]" for this and other species commonly called marigold{{wp}}.
  
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The foliage has a musky/pungent scent, though some later varieties have been bred to be scentless. It is said to deter some common [[insect]] pests (although it is recorded as a food plant for some [[Lepidoptera]] [[larva]]e including [[Dot Moth]]), as well as [[nematode]]s. ''Tagetes'' are hence often used in [[companion planting]]. ''T. minuta'' (Khakibush), originally from South America, has been used as a source of essential oil, known as tagette, for the perfume industry as well as a flavourant in the food and tobacco industries in South Africa, where the species is also a useful pioneer plant in the reclamation of disturbed land. Some of the perennial species are deer, rabbit, rodent and javalina resistant.  
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Depending on the species, marigold foliage has a musky, pungent scent, though some varieties have been bred to be scentless. It is said to deter some common [[insect]] pests, as well as [[nematode]]s. ''Tagetes'' are hence often used in [[companion planting]] for tomato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco and potato{{wp}}.
  
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The common name, "marigold", is derived from "Mary's Gold", and the plant is associated with the Virgin Mary in Christian stories.
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TAGETES (Tages, an Etruscan god, or perhaps of other derivation). Compositae. Marigold. American perennial and annual flower-garden herbs.{{SCH}}
  
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The marigold was regarded as the flower of the dead in pre-Hispanic Mexico, parallel to the [[lily]] in Europe, and is still widely used in the [[Day of the Dead]] celebrations.  
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Leaves opposite or alternate, pinnately cut or rarely simply serrate: fl.-heads of various sizes, yellow or orange, marked in some species with red: strong-scented plants with opposite or alternate mostly pinnately divided lvs. that bear oil-glands : involucre of united parts forming a cup or tube, naked at base: achene angled or flattened, the pappus of a few entire mostly unequal bristles or scales: rays pistillate; disk-fls. perfect.—Species about 20, from New Mex. and Ariz. to Argentina, mostly annuals. The popular annual species known as "African" and "French" marigolds have been derived respectively from T. erecta and T. patula, both of which are native to Mex. According to Sweet's Hortus Britannicus, these two species were intro. into cult. in 1596 and 1573.{{SCH}}
  
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The marigold is also widely cultivated in [[India]], particularly the species ''[[Tagetes erecta|T. erecta]]'', ''[[Tagetes patula|T. patula]]'', and ''[[Tagetes tenuifolia|T. tenuifolia]]''. Vast quantities of marigolds are used in garlands and decoration for weddings, festivals, and religious events.<ref name="Gupta 2002">{{cite web
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For garden purposes Tagetes may be divided into two groups, based upon habit of growth. T. erecta and T. lucida are of upright and somewhat open growth; while T. patula and T. signata are spreading and bushy, the lower branches lying close to the ground and often rooting. The French marigolds, T. patula, are valuable bedding plants. Good garden forms are of even height and bushy compact growth, with a mass of good foliage and well-colored flowers appearing continuously from June until frost. In raising plants, it is preferable to grow them in pots, as this practice seems to check the plants sufficiently to cause them to bloom at a small size and more plentifully during the early summer months than if they were raised with unlimited root room. They should be planted about 1 foot apart. This species also makes attractive specimens in small pots in a few weeks from seed. Mixed seed of the double sorts will give a large percentage of good double flowers, while the seed of special named double sorts is remarkably good. Some of the single forms are very finely colored. The African marigolds, T. erecta, are not well suited to bedding purposes, the growth being too open, but for the mixed border or shrubbery they are excellent late-blooming subjects. This species should be grown with plenty of root room, air, and rich soil from start to finish if the largest and most double flowers are desired. The African marigolds are very useful as cut-flowers except under circumstances where their odor is objectionable.{{SCH}}
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|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020909/agro.htm#3
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|title=Let the flower of gods bless you |accessdate=2007-09-01
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==Cultivation==
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|last=Gupta |first=Y.C. |coauthors=Y. D. Sharma and N.S. Pathania
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Deadhead to prolong blooming{{RHS}}.  Plant in well drained soil under sun{{RHS}}. 
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|date=2002-09-09 |work=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India (web site)
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}}</ref>
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===Propagation===
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Plant seeds indoors for a headstart, or directly in garden when danger of frost has passed{{RHS}}.  Plants start blooming 12-14 weeks after sowing{{RHS}}.
 +
 
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===Pests and diseases===
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Outdoors: Gray mold (Botrytis), bacterial leaf spot, powdery mildew, Alternaria leaf spot, damping off, root rot.  Under glass: leaf miners, spider mites and whiteflies{{AHS}}.
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==Species==
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About 59{{wp}}, including{{RHS}}:
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*''[[Tagetes erecta]]''
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*''[[Tagetes filifolia]]''
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*''[[Tagetes lacera]]'' is a species discovered about 1896 by T. S. Brandegee in Low. Calif. It makes a compact bush 4-5 ft. high, bearing a profusion of yellow fls. in winter. Small plants flower well in pots.{{SCH}}
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*''[[Tagetes lucida]]''
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*''[[Tagetes minuta]]''
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*''[[Tagetes patula]]''
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*''[[Tagetes tenuifolia]]''
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as well as [[Tagetes Hybrid Cultivars|numerous hybrids]]
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*T. Lemmonii. Gray, also a shrubby nearly smooth plant about 2 ft. high, seems to be grown in Calif. It is distinctly woody but rather slender: lvs. all opposite, 3-7-foliolate, the serrulate lfts. about 1 in. long: heads about 1 in. diam., showy. Ariz. {{SCH}}
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Tagetes.png|African Marigold flower - "Tagetes Spp."
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Image:Tagetes lucida (tagete luisante).JPG|''Tagetes lucida''
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Image:Tagetes minuta00.jpg|''Tagetes minuta''
 
Image:African Marigold.jpg|African Marigold - "Tagetes erecta"
 
Image:African Marigold.jpg|African Marigold - "Tagetes erecta"
 
Image:Tagetes-anatomy.jpg|Tagetes-anatomy
 
Image:Tagetes-anatomy.jpg|Tagetes-anatomy
Line 54: Line 64:
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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See also [[marigold]] for other plants with this name.
 
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{Reflist}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 +
*American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.ag.auburn.edu/hort/landscape/Marigold.htm Marigold Commercial Greenhouse Production]
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*{{wplink}}
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*Plant Cultures: [http://www.plantcultures.org.uk/plants/marigold_landing.html Use of marigolds in Asian culture]
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*[http://www.bookofherbs.com/a/African_Marigol_rarde.htm African Marigold - A description from the 1636 book "The Herball or Generall Historie of Plants"]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 15:54, 14 April 2010


French Marigold


Plant Characteristics
Habit   herbaceous

Lifespan: ⌛ perennial, annual
Origin: ✈ Tropical/warm America, Africa
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Water: ◍ moderate
Features: ✓ flowers
Flower features: ❀ orange, yellow
Scientific Names

Asteraceae >

Tagetes >


Tagetes is a genus of 51 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae or Compositae). They are native to the area stretching from the southwestern United States into Mexico and south throughout South America. The different species vary in size from 0.05-2.2 m tall. They have pinnate green leaves, and white, golden, orange, yellow, to an almost red floral heads typically (0.1-) to 4-6 cm diameter, generally with both ray florets and disc floretswp.

Tagetes (possibly from the name of an Etruscan god[1]) are known almost universally in North America as marigold, or variously as Mexican marigolds (or cempasúchil), African marigolds (usually referring to cultivars and hybrids of T. erecta, although this species is not native to Africa), or French marigolds (usually referring to hybrids and cultivars of T. patula, many of which were developed in France although the species is not native to that country). At least one species is a naturalized weed in Africa, Hawaii, and Australiawp.

"Marigold" is derived from "Mary's Gold", and the plant is associated with the Virgin Mary in Christian stories. Tagetes is not to be confused with the genus Calendula, which goes by "marigold" in some areas. See "marigold" for this and other species commonly called marigoldwp.

Depending on the species, marigold foliage has a musky, pungent scent, though some varieties have been bred to be scentless. It is said to deter some common insect pests, as well as nematodes. Tagetes are hence often used in companion planting for tomato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco and potatowp.

TAGETES (Tages, an Etruscan god, or perhaps of other derivation). Compositae. Marigold. American perennial and annual flower-garden herbs.CH

Leaves opposite or alternate, pinnately cut or rarely simply serrate: fl.-heads of various sizes, yellow or orange, marked in some species with red: strong-scented plants with opposite or alternate mostly pinnately divided lvs. that bear oil-glands : involucre of united parts forming a cup or tube, naked at base: achene angled or flattened, the pappus of a few entire mostly unequal bristles or scales: rays pistillate; disk-fls. perfect.—Species about 20, from New Mex. and Ariz. to Argentina, mostly annuals. The popular annual species known as "African" and "French" marigolds have been derived respectively from T. erecta and T. patula, both of which are native to Mex. According to Sweet's Hortus Britannicus, these two species were intro. into cult. in 1596 and 1573.CH

For garden purposes Tagetes may be divided into two groups, based upon habit of growth. T. erecta and T. lucida are of upright and somewhat open growth; while T. patula and T. signata are spreading and bushy, the lower branches lying close to the ground and often rooting. The French marigolds, T. patula, are valuable bedding plants. Good garden forms are of even height and bushy compact growth, with a mass of good foliage and well-colored flowers appearing continuously from June until frost. In raising plants, it is preferable to grow them in pots, as this practice seems to check the plants sufficiently to cause them to bloom at a small size and more plentifully during the early summer months than if they were raised with unlimited root room. They should be planted about 1 foot apart. This species also makes attractive specimens in small pots in a few weeks from seed. Mixed seed of the double sorts will give a large percentage of good double flowers, while the seed of special named double sorts is remarkably good. Some of the single forms are very finely colored. The African marigolds, T. erecta, are not well suited to bedding purposes, the growth being too open, but for the mixed border or shrubbery they are excellent late-blooming subjects. This species should be grown with plenty of root room, air, and rich soil from start to finish if the largest and most double flowers are desired. The African marigolds are very useful as cut-flowers except under circumstances where their odor is objectionable.CH

Cultivation

Deadhead to prolong bloomingRH. Plant in well drained soil under sunRH.

Propagation

Plant seeds indoors for a headstart, or directly in garden when danger of frost has passedRH. Plants start blooming 12-14 weeks after sowingRH.

Pests and diseases

Outdoors: Gray mold (Botrytis), bacterial leaf spot, powdery mildew, Alternaria leaf spot, damping off, root rot. Under glass: leaf miners, spider mites and whitefliesAH.

Species

About 59wp, includingRH:

as well as numerous hybrids

  • T. Lemmonii. Gray, also a shrubby nearly smooth plant about 2 ft. high, seems to be grown in Calif. It is distinctly woody but rather slender: lvs. all opposite, 3-7-foliolate, the serrulate lfts. about 1 in. long: heads about 1 in. diam., showy. Ariz. CH

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • Tagetes lucida

  • Tagetes minuta

  • African Marigold - "Tagetes erecta"

  • Tagetes-anatomy

  • Tagetes-flower grow

  • Tagetes-flower grow

  • Tagetes-flower grow

References

  • Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
  • American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432

External links


  1. ↑ http://www.plants.am/wiki/Tagetes
Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Tagetes&oldid=126694"