Difference between revisions of "Thunbergia"

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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Acanthaceae
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|genus=Thunbergia
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|lifespan=perennial, annual
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|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
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|flowers=orange, yellow, blue, purple
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|image=Thunbergia alata.JPG
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|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Flowers of ''Thunbergia alata''
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}}
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'''''Thunbergia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[family (biology)|Family]] [[Acanthaceae]], native to tropical regions of [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]] and southern [[Asia]]. Its members are known by various names, including '''thunbergias'''; '''clockvine''' on its own usually refers to ''Thunbergia grandiflora'', while ''Thunbergia alata'' is often known as '''Black-eyed Susan vine''' or just '''Black-eyed Susan''' (not to be confused with other flowers called [[Black-eyed Susan (disambiguation)|Black-eyed Susan]]). Orange clockvine is the name of ''Thunbergia gregorii''.
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Thunbergia was named for [[Carl Peter Thunberg]].
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Thunbergias are vigorous annual or perennial [[vine]]s and [[shrub]]s growing to 2-8 m tall.
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Some are frequent garden escapes, becoming [[invasive species]]; they are regarded as environmental threats in [[Australia]], for example.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Thunbergia (after Karl Peter Thunberg, professor of botany at Upsala and successor to Rudbeck and Linnaeus; died 1828). Acanthaceae. Mostly tall perennial climbers producing flowers in great profusion; greenhouse, and in the open far South.
 
Thunbergia (after Karl Peter Thunberg, professor of botany at Upsala and successor to Rudbeck and Linnaeus; died 1828). Acanthaceae. Mostly tall perennial climbers producing flowers in great profusion; greenhouse, and in the open far South.
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Leaves opposite: fls. blue, yellow, purple, or white, solitary and axillary or in racemes; calyx annular and scarcely lobed or toothed or 10-15-toothed, surrounded by 2 large bracts which often inclose also the corolla-tube; corolla trumpet-shaped, with a spreading limb, tube curved or oblique, often compressed, enlarged toward the mouth; stamens 4, didynamous, fixed near the base of the tube, filaments thickened at the base, separate; anther-cells parallel, equal, mostly mucronate at the base: ovary seated on a fleshy disk, 2-loculed, each cell with 2 ovules (rarely only 1). The Thunbergieae are distinguished by the contorted corolla, the 4-seeded caps., and the globose seeds.—About 75 species, in the tropics of the world, particularly in Afr.
 
Leaves opposite: fls. blue, yellow, purple, or white, solitary and axillary or in racemes; calyx annular and scarcely lobed or toothed or 10-15-toothed, surrounded by 2 large bracts which often inclose also the corolla-tube; corolla trumpet-shaped, with a spreading limb, tube curved or oblique, often compressed, enlarged toward the mouth; stamens 4, didynamous, fixed near the base of the tube, filaments thickened at the base, separate; anther-cells parallel, equal, mostly mucronate at the base: ovary seated on a fleshy disk, 2-loculed, each cell with 2 ovules (rarely only 1). The Thunbergieae are distinguished by the contorted corolla, the 4-seeded caps., and the globose seeds.—About 75 species, in the tropics of the world, particularly in Afr.
  
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The thunbergias are nearly all vigorous greenhouse climbers resembling allamandas in habit. In large conservatories where they are not cramped for room they flower freely and display their flowers to the best advantage. Severe pruning, which is necessary in small greenhouses, prevents the production of flowers. The larger species, T. laurifolia, T. affinis, T. grandiflora, T. mysorensis, and T. coccinea are rapid growers, requiring plenty of feeding and root-room. All do better in open beds than in pots. They may be propagated either from seeds or by cuttings which are taken from the young wood which starts into growth after the plants have been cut back during whiter. These produce few flowers the following autumn, but bloom freely the second season. As a rule, the plants flower in late summer or autumn, but the time of flowering may be made to vary according to treatment in some species. T. alata and its varieties and T. fragrans are often treated as annual garden plants, flowering in late summer. T. erecta and T. affinis, when grown in pots, form rather compact shrubby plants (see Gn. 24, p. 314: 30, p. 292; 47, p. 150). In Porto Rico T. alata has escaped and is common. Cook writes that there are two forms, one with corolla-limb cream-yellow and other whitish.
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The thunbergias are nearly all vigorous greenhouse climbers resembling allamandas in habit. In large conservatories where they are not cramped for room they flower freely and display their flowers to the best advantage. Severe pruning, which is necessary in small greenhouses, prevents the production of flowers. The larger species, T. laurifolia, T. affinis, T. grandiflora, T. mysorensis, and T. coccinea are rapid growers, requiring plenty of feeding and root-room. All do better in open beds than in pots. They may be propagated either from seeds or by cuttings which are taken from the young wood which starts into growth after the plants have been cut back during whiter. These produce few flowers the following autumn, but bloom freely the second season. As a rule, the plants flower in late summer or autumn, but the time of flowering may be made to vary according to treatment in some species. T. alata and its varieties and T. fragrans are often treated as annual garden plants, flowering in late summer. T. erecta and T. affinis, when grown in pots, form rather compact shrubby plants. In Puerto Rico T. alata has escaped and is common. Cook writes that there are two forms, one with corolla-limb cream-yellow and other whitish.
  
 
Thunbergias and allamandas are great favorites in central and southern Florida, being used on verandas, arbors, small trees, old stumps, trellises and buildings. Of the blue-flowered kinds T. grandiflora is hardiest and commonest. It has large heart-shaped leaves which overlap one another in a charming manner. It blooms from September until Christmas, the flowers being light blue and rather dull. The form of T. laurifolia known to the trade as T. Harrisii, has nearly sky-blue flowers, of a deeper but brighter hue than the preceding. It is a taller-growing and choicer plant, and has ten or more flowers in a raceme, while those of T. grandiflora are solitary in the axils. T. fragrans is the common white-flowered kind. The form cultivated in Florida is probably var. vestita, as the blossoms are not fragrant. T. alata is a general favorite. The flowers range from buff and white to orange with a deep purplish brown throat, the last form being the most popular. This species is killed to the ground by sharp frost every winter but sprouts vigorously the following spring. It also comes up from self-sown seed. This species grows only 7 to 8 feet high. All the thunbergias mentioned above are easily raised from cuttings or layers in summer. T. erecta is not a climber but has a somewhat straggling habit. It has small dark green leaves and large deep purplish blue gloxinia-like flowers which are white at the base. There is a pure white variety of it. It blooms all summer and autumn. It is readily raised from cuttings during the rainy season.
 
Thunbergias and allamandas are great favorites in central and southern Florida, being used on verandas, arbors, small trees, old stumps, trellises and buildings. Of the blue-flowered kinds T. grandiflora is hardiest and commonest. It has large heart-shaped leaves which overlap one another in a charming manner. It blooms from September until Christmas, the flowers being light blue and rather dull. The form of T. laurifolia known to the trade as T. Harrisii, has nearly sky-blue flowers, of a deeper but brighter hue than the preceding. It is a taller-growing and choicer plant, and has ten or more flowers in a raceme, while those of T. grandiflora are solitary in the axils. T. fragrans is the common white-flowered kind. The form cultivated in Florida is probably var. vestita, as the blossoms are not fragrant. T. alata is a general favorite. The flowers range from buff and white to orange with a deep purplish brown throat, the last form being the most popular. This species is killed to the ground by sharp frost every winter but sprouts vigorously the following spring. It also comes up from self-sown seed. This species grows only 7 to 8 feet high. All the thunbergias mentioned above are easily raised from cuttings or layers in summer. T. erecta is not a climber but has a somewhat straggling habit. It has small dark green leaves and large deep purplish blue gloxinia-like flowers which are white at the base. There is a pure white variety of it. It blooms all summer and autumn. It is readily raised from cuttings during the rainy season.
  
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T. Gibsonii, S. Moore. Sts. prostrate: lvs. about 1 in. long, triangular, glossy above: peduncles axillary, erect. 3 in. long: fls. solitary, about 1 1/4 in. across, yellow, each with a pair of inflated and united crimson-stained bracts. British E. Afr. B.M. 8604.— T. primulina, Hemsl. Perennial, silky hairy at first: lvs, rhomboid ovate, 1 1/2 – 2 1/2 in, long, with 1 small lobe on each side: fls. axillary, solitary, about 1 1/2 in. across, resembling the common primrose in shape and color. E. Trop. Afr. B.M. 7969.— T. Vogeliana, Benth. (Meyenia Vogeliana, Benth.). Erect: lvs. large, ovate or oblong, dark green; fls. about equaling those of T. erecta, deep bluish violet with yellowish throat: handsome summer-flowering species. Fernando Po, Afr. B.M. 5389.
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T. Gibsonii, S. Moore. Sts. prostrate: lvs. about 1 in. long, triangular, glossy above: peduncles axillary, erect. 3 in. long: fls. solitary, about 1 1/4 in. across, yellow, each with a pair of inflated and united crimson-stained bracts. British E. Afr. B.M. 8604.— T. primulina, Hemsl. Perennial, silky hairy at first: lvs, rhomboid ovate, 1 1/2 – 2 1/2 in, long, with 1 small lobe on each side: fls. axillary, solitary, about 1 1/2 in. across, resembling the common primrose in shape and color. E. Trop. Afr.— T. Vogeliana, Benth. (Meyenia Vogeliana, Benth.). Erect: lvs. large, ovate or oblong, dark green; fls. about equaling those of T. erecta, deep bluish violet with yellowish throat: handsome summer-flowering species. Fernando Po, Afr.  
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{{SCH}}
 
}}
 
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{{Taxobox
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==Cultivation==
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| color = lightgreen
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| name = ''Thunbergia''
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| image = Thunbergia alata.JPG
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===Propagation===
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| image_width = 250px
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| image_caption = Flowers of ''Thunbergia alata''
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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===Pests and diseases===
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
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==Species==
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| familia = [[Acanthaceae]]
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Species{{wp}}
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| genus = '''''Thunbergia''''' [[Retz.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
 
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| subdivision =
 
 
''[[Thunbergia alata]]''<br/>
 
''[[Thunbergia alata]]''<br/>
 
''[[Thunbergia coccinea]]''<br/>
 
''[[Thunbergia coccinea]]''<br/>
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''[[Thunbergia gregorii]]''<br/>
 
''[[Thunbergia gregorii]]''<br/>
 
''[[Thunbergia laurifolia]]''<br/>
 
''[[Thunbergia laurifolia]]''<br/>
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''[[Thunbergia mysorensis]]''
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''[[Thunbergia mysorensis]]''<br>
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}}
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''[[Thunbergia togoensis]]''
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'''''Thunbergia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[family (biology)|Family]] [[Acanthaceae]], native to tropical regions of [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]] and southern [[Asia]]. Its members are known by various names, including '''thunbergias'''; '''clockvine''' on its own usually refers to ''Thunbergia grandiflora'', while ''Thunbergia alata'' is often known as '''Black-eyed Susan vine''' or just '''Black-eyed Susan''' (not to be confused with other flowers called [[Black-eyed Susan (disambiguation)|Black-eyed Susan]]). Orange clockvine is the name of ''Thunbergia gregorii''.
 
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Thunbergia was named for [[Carl Peter Thunberg]].
 
−
 
 
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Thunbergias are vigorous annual or perennial [[vine]]s and [[shrub]]s growing to 2-8 m tall.
 
−
 
 
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Some are frequent garden escapes, becoming [[invasive species]]; they are regarded as environmental threats in [[Australia]], for example.
 
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<br /><br />
 
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==External Links==
 
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*[http://lakecounty.typepad.com/life_in_lake_county/2007/04/a_tale_of_two_s.html ''A Tale of Two Susans II''] non-scholarly essay on the etymology and history of Thunbergia as well as Carl Peter Thunberg
 
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==Gallery==
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<gallery>
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Image:Thunbergia mysorensis dsc03785.jpg|''Thunbergia mysorensis'' flowers
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Image:Thunbergia gregorii2.jpg|''Thunbergia gregorii''
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Image:Thunbergia fragrans in Talakona, AP W IMG 8512.jpg|''[[Thunbergia fragrans]]''  in [[Talakona]] forest, in [[Chittoor District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].
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Image:Thunbergia fragrans in Talakona, AP W IMG 8505.jpg|''[[Thunbergia fragrans]]''  in [[Talakona]] forest, in [[Chittoor District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].
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Image:Thunbergia fragrans (Chimine) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8507.jpg|''[[Thunbergia fragrans]]''  in [[Talakona]] forest, in [[Chittoor District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].
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File:Thunbergia laurifolia (Blue Trumpet wine) W IMG 1974.jpg|''[[Thunbergia laurifolia]]'' in [[Goa]], [[India]].
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File:Thunbergia laurifolia (Blue Trumpet wine) W IMG 1973.jpg|''[[Thunbergia laurifolia]]'' in [[Goa]], [[India]].
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File:Thunbergia laurifolia (Blue Trumpet wine) W2 IMG 1973.jpg|''[[Thunbergia laurifolia]]'' in [[Goa]], [[India]].
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Image:Thunbergia fragrans (Chimine) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 8934.jpg|''[[Thunbergia fragrans]]'' in [[Hyderabad, India]].
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</gallery>
  
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[[Image:Thunbergia mysorensis dsc03785.jpg|thumb|left|''Thunbergia mysorensis'' flowers]]
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==References==
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[[Image:Thunbergia gregorii2.jpg|thumb|left|''Thunbergia gregorii'']]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Acanthaceae]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 01:34, 27 April 2010


Flowers of Thunbergia alata


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial, annual
Bloom: ❀ early summer, mid summer, late summer
Cultivation
Flower features: ❀ orange, yellow, blue, purple
Scientific Names

Acanthaceae >

Thunbergia >


Thunbergia is a genus of flowering plants in the Family Acanthaceae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia. Its members are known by various names, including thunbergias; clockvine on its own usually refers to Thunbergia grandiflora, while Thunbergia alata is often known as Black-eyed Susan vine or just Black-eyed Susan (not to be confused with other flowers called Black-eyed Susan). Orange clockvine is the name of Thunbergia gregorii.

Thunbergia was named for Carl Peter Thunberg.

Thunbergias are vigorous annual or perennial vines and shrubs growing to 2-8 m tall.

Some are frequent garden escapes, becoming invasive species; they are regarded as environmental threats in Australia, for example.


Read about Thunbergia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Thunbergia (after Karl Peter Thunberg, professor of botany at Upsala and successor to Rudbeck and Linnaeus; died 1828). Acanthaceae. Mostly tall perennial climbers producing flowers in great profusion; greenhouse, and in the open far South.

Leaves opposite: fls. blue, yellow, purple, or white, solitary and axillary or in racemes; calyx annular and scarcely lobed or toothed or 10-15-toothed, surrounded by 2 large bracts which often inclose also the corolla-tube; corolla trumpet-shaped, with a spreading limb, tube curved or oblique, often compressed, enlarged toward the mouth; stamens 4, didynamous, fixed near the base of the tube, filaments thickened at the base, separate; anther-cells parallel, equal, mostly mucronate at the base: ovary seated on a fleshy disk, 2-loculed, each cell with 2 ovules (rarely only 1). The Thunbergieae are distinguished by the contorted corolla, the 4-seeded caps., and the globose seeds.—About 75 species, in the tropics of the world, particularly in Afr.

The thunbergias are nearly all vigorous greenhouse climbers resembling allamandas in habit. In large conservatories where they are not cramped for room they flower freely and display their flowers to the best advantage. Severe pruning, which is necessary in small greenhouses, prevents the production of flowers. The larger species, T. laurifolia, T. affinis, T. grandiflora, T. mysorensis, and T. coccinea are rapid growers, requiring plenty of feeding and root-room. All do better in open beds than in pots. They may be propagated either from seeds or by cuttings which are taken from the young wood which starts into growth after the plants have been cut back during whiter. These produce few flowers the following autumn, but bloom freely the second season. As a rule, the plants flower in late summer or autumn, but the time of flowering may be made to vary according to treatment in some species. T. alata and its varieties and T. fragrans are often treated as annual garden plants, flowering in late summer. T. erecta and T. affinis, when grown in pots, form rather compact shrubby plants. In Puerto Rico T. alata has escaped and is common. Cook writes that there are two forms, one with corolla-limb cream-yellow and other whitish.

Thunbergias and allamandas are great favorites in central and southern Florida, being used on verandas, arbors, small trees, old stumps, trellises and buildings. Of the blue-flowered kinds T. grandiflora is hardiest and commonest. It has large heart-shaped leaves which overlap one another in a charming manner. It blooms from September until Christmas, the flowers being light blue and rather dull. The form of T. laurifolia known to the trade as T. Harrisii, has nearly sky-blue flowers, of a deeper but brighter hue than the preceding. It is a taller-growing and choicer plant, and has ten or more flowers in a raceme, while those of T. grandiflora are solitary in the axils. T. fragrans is the common white-flowered kind. The form cultivated in Florida is probably var. vestita, as the blossoms are not fragrant. T. alata is a general favorite. The flowers range from buff and white to orange with a deep purplish brown throat, the last form being the most popular. This species is killed to the ground by sharp frost every winter but sprouts vigorously the following spring. It also comes up from self-sown seed. This species grows only 7 to 8 feet high. All the thunbergias mentioned above are easily raised from cuttings or layers in summer. T. erecta is not a climber but has a somewhat straggling habit. It has small dark green leaves and large deep purplish blue gloxinia-like flowers which are white at the base. There is a pure white variety of it. It blooms all summer and autumn. It is readily raised from cuttings during the rainy season.

T. Gibsonii, S. Moore. Sts. prostrate: lvs. about 1 in. long, triangular, glossy above: peduncles axillary, erect. 3 in. long: fls. solitary, about 1 1/4 in. across, yellow, each with a pair of inflated and united crimson-stained bracts. British E. Afr. B.M. 8604.— T. primulina, Hemsl. Perennial, silky hairy at first: lvs, rhomboid ovate, 1 1/2 – 2 1/2 in, long, with 1 small lobe on each side: fls. axillary, solitary, about 1 1/2 in. across, resembling the common primrose in shape and color. E. Trop. Afr.— T. Vogeliana, Benth. (Meyenia Vogeliana, Benth.). Erect: lvs. large, ovate or oblong, dark green; fls. about equaling those of T. erecta, deep bluish violet with yellowish throat: handsome summer-flowering species. Fernando Po, Afr. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Specieswp Thunbergia alata
Thunbergia coccinea
Thunbergia erecta
Thunbergia fragrans
Thunbergia grandiflora
Thunbergia gregorii
Thunbergia laurifolia
Thunbergia mysorensis
Thunbergia togoensis

Gallery

References

External links


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