Difference between revisions of "Tilia americana"

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| latin_name = ''Tilia americana''
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|familia=Tiliaceae
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| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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|genus=Tilia
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| growth_habit = tree
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|species=americana
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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|common_name=American Linden, Basswood
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| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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|habit=tree
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| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| lifespan = perennial
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|Max ht box=100
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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|Max ht metric=ft
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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|Max wd box=40
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| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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|Max wd metric=ft
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| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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|lifespan=perennial
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| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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|exposure=sun
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| color = IndianRed
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| image = TiliaAmericana (7477 (2575057822).jpg
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|features=edible
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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|flowers=white
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| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->
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|min_zone=3
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| divisio =  <!--- Phylum -->
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| classis =    <!--- Class -->
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|max_zone=9
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|ordo = Malvales
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|image=TiliaAmericana (7477 (2575057822).jpg
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|familia = Malvaceae
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|image_width=240
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|genus = Tilia
 
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|species = americana
 
 
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'''''Tilia americana''''' is a species of ''[[Tilia]]'', native to eastern [[North America]], from southeast [[Manitoba]] east to [[New Brunswick]], southwest to northeast [[Texas]], and southeast to [[South Carolina]], and west along the [[Niobrara River]] to [[Cherry County, Nebraska]].<ref name=usfs>U.S. Forest Service Silvis Manual: [http://na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/tilia/americana.htm ''Tilia americana'']</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?36668 ''Tilia americana'']</ref> Common names include '''Basswood''' (also applied to other species of ''Tilia'' in the [[timber]] trade) and '''American Linden''' or the Lime-Tree.
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It is a medium-sized to large [[deciduous]] [[tree]] reaching a height of 60 to 120 ft (exceptionally 129 ft) with a trunk diameter of 3-4 ft at maturity. The crown is domed, the branches spreading, often pendulous. The [[bark]] is gray to light brown, with narrow, well defined fissures. The [[root]]s are large, deep, and spreading. The [[twig]]s are smooth, reddish-green, becoming light gray in their second year, finally dark brown or brownish gray, marked with dark wart-like excrescences. The winter buds are stout, ovate-acute, smooth, deep red, with two bud scales visible. The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple, alternately arranged, ovate to cordate, inequalateral at the base (the side nearest the branch the largest), 10-15 cm (can grow up to 25 cm) long and broad, with a long, slender petiole, a coarsely serrated margin and an acuminate apex. They open from the bud conduplicate, pale green, downy; when full grown are dark green, smooth, shining above, paler beneath, with tufts of rusty brown hairs in the axils of the primary veins; the small [[stipule]]s fall soon after leaf opening. The fall color is yellow-green to yellow. Both the twigs and leaves contain [[mucilage|mucilaginous]] sap. The [[flower]]s are small, fragrant, yellowish-white, 10–14 mm diameter, arranged in drooping, [[inflorescence|cymose]] clusters of 6–20 with a whitish-green leaf-like [[bract]] attached for half its length at the base of the cyme; they are perfect, regular, with five sepals and petals, numerous stamens, and a five-celled superior ovary. Flowering is in early to mid summer; pollination is by [[bee]]s. The [[fruit]] is a small, globose, downy, hard and dry cream-colored nutlet with a diameter of 8-10 mm.<ref name=usfs/><ref name=nrcs>USDA NRCS Tree Guide: [http://www.plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_tiama.pdf ''Tilia americana'' (pdf file)]</ref><ref name=Keeler>{{cite book | last =Keeler | first =H. L. | title =Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them | publisher =Charles Scriber's Sons | date =1900 | location =New York | pages =24–31 }}</ref>
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It is recommended as an ornamental tree when the mass of foliage or a deep shade is desired; no native tree surpasses it in this respect. It is often planted on the windward side of an orchard as a protection to young and delicate trees.<ref name=Keeler/> It is cultivated at least as far north as [[Juneau, Alaska]].<ref>Juneau: [http://www.silverbowinn.com/downtown_tree_guide%20final%2006.pdf Downtown Juneau Tree Guide]</ref>
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The foliage and flowers are both edible, though many prefer only to eat the tender young leaves. It is a beneficial species for attracting pollinators as well. Bees produce excellent honey from its blossoms.
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Tilia americana, Linn. (T. glabra, Vent.). Fig. 3814. Tree, to 120 ft.: young branchlets glabrous, green: lvs. broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, cordate or truncate at the base, coarsely serrate, the teeth long-pointed, dark green above, light green beneath with tufts of hairs in the axils of the lateral veins, but wanting at the base, 4-6 in. long, turning yellow in autumn: cymes pendulous, many-fld.: bract stalked, tapering toward the base: staminodes present: fr. ovoid or globose, without ribs, tomentose, thick-shelled. July. Canada, south to Va. and Ala., west to N. Dak., Kans., and E. Texas. S.S. 1:24. Mn. 6:153. Var. macrophylla, Hort. (var. mississippiensis, Hort.). A large-lvd. form. —This species is frequently planted as an avenue tree. Its wood is much used in the manufacture of woodenware, cheap furniture, panels of carriages, and also of paper pulp.
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Tilia americana, Linn. (T. glabra, Vent.). Tree, to 120 ft.: young branchlets glabrous, green: lvs. broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, cordate or truncate at the base, coarsely serrate, the teeth long-pointed, dark green above, light green beneath with tufts of hairs in the axils of the lateral veins, but wanting at the base, 4-6 in. long, turning yellow in autumn: cymes pendulous, many-fld.: bract stalked, tapering toward the base: staminodes present: fr. ovoid or globose, without ribs, tomentose, thick-shelled. July. Canada, south to Va. and Ala., west to N. Dak., Kans., and E. Texas.  
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Var. macrophylla, Hort. (var. mississippiensis, Hort.). A large-lvd. form. —This species is frequently planted as an avenue tree. Its wood is much used in the manufacture of woodenware, cheap furniture, panels of carriages, and also of paper pulp.
 
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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It may be propagated by cuttings and grafting as well as by seed.
  
 
===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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subject to the attacks of many insect enemies
  
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==Species==
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==Varieties==
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[[Cultivars]] include 'Nova', 'Duros' (with an upright crown), the pyramidal 'Frontyard' and the conic-crowned 'Redmond'.
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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File:AmericanBasswood.JPG
 
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Latest revision as of 20:24, 27 April 2010


TiliaAmericana (7477 (2575057822).jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ 100 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 100.
Width: ⇔ 40 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 40.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ edible
USDA Zones: 3 to 9
Flower features: ❀ white
Scientific Names

Tiliaceae >

Tilia >

americana >


Tilia americana is a species of Tilia, native to eastern North America, from southeast Manitoba east to New Brunswick, southwest to northeast Texas, and southeast to South Carolina, and west along the Niobrara River to Cherry County, Nebraska.[1][2] Common names include Basswood (also applied to other species of Tilia in the timber trade) and American Linden or the Lime-Tree.

It is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree reaching a height of 60 to 120 ft (exceptionally 129 ft) with a trunk diameter of 3-4 ft at maturity. The crown is domed, the branches spreading, often pendulous. The bark is gray to light brown, with narrow, well defined fissures. The roots are large, deep, and spreading. The twigs are smooth, reddish-green, becoming light gray in their second year, finally dark brown or brownish gray, marked with dark wart-like excrescences. The winter buds are stout, ovate-acute, smooth, deep red, with two bud scales visible. The leaves are simple, alternately arranged, ovate to cordate, inequalateral at the base (the side nearest the branch the largest), 10-15 cm (can grow up to 25 cm) long and broad, with a long, slender petiole, a coarsely serrated margin and an acuminate apex. They open from the bud conduplicate, pale green, downy; when full grown are dark green, smooth, shining above, paler beneath, with tufts of rusty brown hairs in the axils of the primary veins; the small stipules fall soon after leaf opening. The fall color is yellow-green to yellow. Both the twigs and leaves contain mucilaginous sap. The flowers are small, fragrant, yellowish-white, 10–14 mm diameter, arranged in drooping, cymose clusters of 6–20 with a whitish-green leaf-like bract attached for half its length at the base of the cyme; they are perfect, regular, with five sepals and petals, numerous stamens, and a five-celled superior ovary. Flowering is in early to mid summer; pollination is by bees. The fruit is a small, globose, downy, hard and dry cream-colored nutlet with a diameter of 8-10 mm.[1][3][4]

It is recommended as an ornamental tree when the mass of foliage or a deep shade is desired; no native tree surpasses it in this respect. It is often planted on the windward side of an orchard as a protection to young and delicate trees.[4] It is cultivated at least as far north as Juneau, Alaska.[5]

The foliage and flowers are both edible, though many prefer only to eat the tender young leaves. It is a beneficial species for attracting pollinators as well. Bees produce excellent honey from its blossoms.


Read about Tilia americana in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Tilia americana, Linn. (T. glabra, Vent.). Tree, to 120 ft.: young branchlets glabrous, green: lvs. broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, cordate or truncate at the base, coarsely serrate, the teeth long-pointed, dark green above, light green beneath with tufts of hairs in the axils of the lateral veins, but wanting at the base, 4-6 in. long, turning yellow in autumn: cymes pendulous, many-fld.: bract stalked, tapering toward the base: staminodes present: fr. ovoid or globose, without ribs, tomentose, thick-shelled. July. Canada, south to Va. and Ala., west to N. Dak., Kans., and E. Texas.

Var. macrophylla, Hort. (var. mississippiensis, Hort.). A large-lvd. form. —This species is frequently planted as an avenue tree. Its wood is much used in the manufacture of woodenware, cheap furniture, panels of carriages, and also of paper pulp. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

It may be propagated by cuttings and grafting as well as by seed.

Pests and diseases

subject to the attacks of many insect enemies

Varieties

Cultivars include 'Nova', 'Duros' (with an upright crown), the pyramidal 'Frontyard' and the conic-crowned 'Redmond'.

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • AmericanBasswood.JPG

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 U.S. Forest Service Silvis Manual: Tilia americana
  2. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Tilia americana
  3. ↑ USDA NRCS Tree Guide: Tilia americana (pdf file)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Keeler, H. L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scriber's Sons. pp. 24–31. 
  5. ↑ Juneau: Downtown Juneau Tree Guide
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