Difference between revisions of "Tropaeolum majus"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Tropaeolaceae
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| name = ''Tropaeolum majus''
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|genus=Tropaeolum
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| image = Nasturtium-Tropaeolum.jpg
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|species=majus
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| image_width = 240px
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|common_name=Nasturtium, Garden Nasturtium, Indian Cress
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| image_caption = Flower and foliage
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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|habit=vine-climber
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|Max ht box=10
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| ordo = [[Brassicales]]
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|Max ht metric=ft
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| familia = [[Tropaeolaceae]]
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| genus = ''[[Tropaeolum]]''
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|Max wd box=10
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| species = '''''T. majus'''''
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|Max wd metric=ft
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| binomial = ''Tropaeolum majus''
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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|lifespan=annual
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|exposure=sun, part-sun
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|features=flowers, edible, fruit
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|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
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|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|flowers=red, orange, yellow, pink
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|min_zone=9
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|max_zone=11
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|image=Nasturtium-Tropaeolum.jpg
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|image_width=240
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Tropaeolum majus''''' ('''Garden Nasturtium''', '''Indian Cress''' or '''Monks Cress''') is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Tropaeolaceae]], originating in [[South America]] in the [[Andes]] from [[Bolivia]] north to [[Colombia]]. It is of cultivated, probably [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] origin, with possible parent species including ''[[Tropaeolum minus|T. minus]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum moritzianum|T. moritzianum]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum peltophorum|T. peltophorum]]'', and ''[[Tropaeolum peregrinum|T. peregrinum]]''.<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40686 ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
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'''''Tropaeolum majus''''' ('''Garden Nasturtium''' or '''Indian Cress''') is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Tropaeolaceae]], originating in [[South America]] in the [[Andes]] from [[Bolivia]] north to [[Colombia]]. It is of cultivated, probably [[hybrid]] origin, with possible parent species including ''[[Tropaeolum minus|T. minus]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum moritzianum|T. moritzianum]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum peltophorum|T. peltophorum]]'', and ''[[Tropaeolum peregrinum|T. peregrinum]]''.<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40686 ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
 
  
 
[[Image:Kapuziner-Kresse 7148.jpg|left|thumb|Flower showing nectar spur]]
 
[[Image:Kapuziner-Kresse 7148.jpg|left|thumb|Flower showing nectar spur]]
 
It is a [[herbaceous]] [[annual plant]] with trailing stems growing to 1 m long or more. The [[leaf|leaves]] are large, nearly circular, 3-15 cm diameter, green to glaucous green above, paler below; they are [[leaf shape|peltate]], with the 5-30 cm long [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] near the middle of the leaf, with several veins radiating to the smoothly rounded or slightly lobed margin. The [[flower]]s are 2.5–6 cm diameter, with five petals, eight stamens, and a 2.5–3 cm long nectar spur at the rear; they vary from yellow to orange to red, frilled and often darker at the base of the petals. The [[fruit]] is 2 cm broad, three-segmented, each segment with a single large seed 1–1.5 cm long.<ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=pier>Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: [http://www.hear.org/pier/species/tropaeolum_majus.htm ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
 
It is a [[herbaceous]] [[annual plant]] with trailing stems growing to 1 m long or more. The [[leaf|leaves]] are large, nearly circular, 3-15 cm diameter, green to glaucous green above, paler below; they are [[leaf shape|peltate]], with the 5-30 cm long [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] near the middle of the leaf, with several veins radiating to the smoothly rounded or slightly lobed margin. The [[flower]]s are 2.5–6 cm diameter, with five petals, eight stamens, and a 2.5–3 cm long nectar spur at the rear; they vary from yellow to orange to red, frilled and often darker at the base of the petals. The [[fruit]] is 2 cm broad, three-segmented, each segment with a single large seed 1–1.5 cm long.<ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=pier>Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: [http://www.hear.org/pier/species/tropaeolum_majus.htm ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
  
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==Cultivation and uses==
 
 
It is widely cultivated, both as an [[ornamental plant]] and as a [[medicinal plant]].
 
It is widely cultivated, both as an [[ornamental plant]] and as a [[medicinal plant]].
  
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Garden Nasturtiums are grown for their flowers, and also because both their leaves and flowers are edible; they can be used in salads, imparting a delicately peppery taste. The seed are also edible, and can be used as a [[caper]] substitute.<ref name=pfaf>Plants For A Future: [http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
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Garden Nasturtiums are grown for their flowers, and also because both their leaves and flowers are edible; they can be used in salads, imparting a delicately peppery taste. The seeds are also edible, and can be used as a [[caper]] substitute.<ref name=pfaf>Plants For A Future: [http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
  
 
It is listed as [[invasive plant|invasive]] in several areas, including [[Hawaii]], [[Lord Howe Island]], and [[New Zealand]].<ref name=pier/>
 
It is listed as [[invasive plant|invasive]] in several areas, including [[Hawaii]], [[Lord Howe Island]], and [[New Zealand]].<ref name=pier/>
  
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==References==
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{{Inc|
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{{reflist}}
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Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
  
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<gallery>
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==Gallery==
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Image:Tropaeolum majus 02 ies.jpg|Underside of leaf showing petiole attachment
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<gallery perrow=5>
 
Image:Tropaeolum majus 04 ies.jpg|Flower cut through to show structure
 
Image:Tropaeolum majus 04 ies.jpg|Flower cut through to show structure
 
Image:Tropaeolum majus0.jpg|Immature fruit
 
Image:Tropaeolum majus0.jpg|Immature fruit
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File:3853 - Tropaeolum majus (Große Kapuzinerkresse).JPG
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Image:Upload.png| upload your photo
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 14:46, 4 May 2010


Nasturtium-Tropaeolum.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   vine-climber

Height: ⇕ 10 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 10.
Width: ⇔ 10 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 10.
Lifespan: ⌛ annual
Bloom: ❀ early summer, mid summer, late summer
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun, part-sun
Features: ✓ flowers, edible, fruit
USDA Zones: 9 to 11
Flower features: ❀ red, orange, yellow, pink
Scientific Names

Tropaeolaceae >

Tropaeolum >

majus >


Tropaeolum majus (Garden Nasturtium, Indian Cress or Monks Cress) is a flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, originating in South America in the Andes from Bolivia north to Colombia. It is of cultivated, probably hybrid origin, with possible parent species including T. minus, T. moritzianum, T. peltophorum, and T. peregrinum.[1][2]

Flower showing nectar spur

It is a herbaceous annual plant with trailing stems growing to 1 m long or more. The leaves are large, nearly circular, 3-15 cm diameter, green to glaucous green above, paler below; they are peltate, with the 5-30 cm long petiole near the middle of the leaf, with several veins radiating to the smoothly rounded or slightly lobed margin. The flowers are 2.5–6 cm diameter, with five petals, eight stamens, and a 2.5–3 cm long nectar spur at the rear; they vary from yellow to orange to red, frilled and often darker at the base of the petals. The fruit is 2 cm broad, three-segmented, each segment with a single large seed 1–1.5 cm long.[3][4]

It is widely cultivated, both as an ornamental plant and as a medicinal plant.

Garden Nasturtiums are grown for their flowers, and also because both their leaves and flowers are edible; they can be used in salads, imparting a delicately peppery taste. The seeds are also edible, and can be used as a caper substitute.[5]

It is listed as invasive in several areas, including Hawaii, Lord Howe Island, and New Zealand.[4]


Read about Tropaeolum majus in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

Gallery

  • Flower cut through to show structure

  • Immature fruit

  • 3853 - Tropaeolum majus (Große Kapuzinerkresse).JPG

  • upload your photo

References

External links


  1. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Tropaeolum majus
  2. ↑ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  3. ↑ Jepson Flora: Tropaeolum majus
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: Tropaeolum majus
  5. ↑ Plants For A Future: Tropaeolum majus
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