Difference between revisions of "Ulmus 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'"
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| − | + | ''''Sapporo Autumn Gold'''' is one of the most successful hybrid [[elm]] cultivars ever marketed, widely planted across [[North America]] and western [[Europe]], although it has now been largely supplanted by more recent introductions <ref name=Santamour>Santamour, J., Frank, S. & Bentz, S. (1995). Updated checklist of elm (Ulmus) cultivars for use in North America. ''Journal of Arboriculture'', 21: 3 (May 1995), 121-131. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA.</ref>. Arising from a chance crossing in 1958 of the [[Siberian Elm]] ''Ulmus pumila'' and the [[Japanese Elm]] ''Ulmus davidiana'' var. ''japonica'' in the Botanical Garden of [[Hokkaido University]], [[Sapporo]], it was cultivated at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] by the late [[Eugene Byron Smalley|Prof. Eugene Smalley]] and patented in 1975 <ref name=Smalley,a>Smalley, E. B. & Lester, D. T. (1973). ''HortScience'' 8: 514-515, 1973.</ref> <ref name=Smalley,b>Smalley, E. B. & Guries, R. P. (1993). Breeding Elms for Resistance to Dutch Elm Disease. ''Annual Review of Phytopathology Vol. 31'' : 325-354. Palo Alto, California.</ref>. | |
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| + | The tree forms a densely foliated vase-shaped crown, although immature plants produce vigorous side shoots that require assiduous pruning to develop the desired shape. The leaves are narrowly-[[leaf shape|elliptical]], < 8.5 cm long by < 4.0 cm wide and, as the name implies, turn pale yellow in autumn. The [[perfect flower|perfect]], [[apetalous]] wind-pollinated flowers appear in March, followed by the seeds in April; flowering usually begins when the tree is aged six years. | ||
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| + | In favourable conditions, notably a moist, well-drained soil, the tree can grow at a rate of almost one metre per annum, but trials by the [[Northern Arizona University]] [http://www.for.nau.edu/cms/content/view/512/706/] found that it is not very tolerant of a hot, arid environment although its leaves sustain comparatively little scorch damage. Moreover, in trials in southern [[England]] conducted by ''[[Butterfly Conservation]]'' the tree was found to be intolerant of ponding over winter. | ||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
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===Pests and diseases=== | ===Pests and diseases=== | ||
| − | + | 'Sapporo Autumn Gold' possesses a very high resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]] <ref name Pinon,b>Pinon, J., Lohou, C. & Cadic, A. (1998). Hybrid Elms (Ulmus Spp.): Adaptability in Paris and behaviour towards Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma novo-ulmi). ''Acta Horticulturae'' 496, 107-114, 1998.</ref> <ref name=Pinon>Pinon, J. (2007). Les ormes résistants à la graphiose. ''Forêt-entreprise'', No. 175 - Juillet 2007, p 37-41, France.</ref> and a tolerance of [[Verticillium]] wilt <ref name=Burdekin> Burdekin, D. A. & Rushforth, K. D. (Revised by Webber J. F. 1996). Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease. ''Arboricultural Research Note 2/96''. Arboricultural Advisory and Information Service, Alice Holt, Farnham, UK.</ref>. The tree's foliage was adjudged "resistant" to [[Black Spot (disease)|Black Spot]] by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the [[University of Missouri]] [http://soilplantlab.missouri.edu/plant/diseases/resistant.htm], however it can be severely damaged the Elm Leaf Beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'' in the [[USA]] [http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm] | |
==Varieties== | ==Varieties== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:23, 5 May 2010
| Habit | tree
| |
|---|---|---|
| Height: | ⇕ | 50 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 50. |
| Width: | ⇔ | 35 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 35. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Exposure: | ☼ | sun |
|---|---|---|
| USDA Zones: | 4 to 9 |
|
Ulmaceae > |
Ulmus > |
'Sapporo Autumn Gold' is one of the most successful hybrid elm cultivars ever marketed, widely planted across North America and western Europe, although it has now been largely supplanted by more recent introductions [1]. Arising from a chance crossing in 1958 of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila and the Japanese Elm Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in the Botanical Garden of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, it was cultivated at the University of Wisconsin–Madison by the late Prof. Eugene Smalley and patented in 1975 [2] [3].
The tree forms a densely foliated vase-shaped crown, although immature plants produce vigorous side shoots that require assiduous pruning to develop the desired shape. The leaves are narrowly-elliptical, < 8.5 cm long by < 4.0 cm wide and, as the name implies, turn pale yellow in autumn. The perfect, apetalous wind-pollinated flowers appear in March, followed by the seeds in April; flowering usually begins when the tree is aged six years.
In favourable conditions, notably a moist, well-drained soil, the tree can grow at a rate of almost one metre per annum, but trials by the Northern Arizona University [1] found that it is not very tolerant of a hot, arid environment although its leaves sustain comparatively little scorch damage. Moreover, in trials in southern England conducted by Butterfly Conservation the tree was found to be intolerant of ponding over winter.
Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
'Sapporo Autumn Gold' possesses a very high resistance to Dutch elm disease [4] [5] and a tolerance of Verticillium wilt [6]. The tree's foliage was adjudged "resistant" to Black Spot by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the University of Missouri [2], however it can be severely damaged the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola in the USA [3]
Varieties
Gallery
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- ↑ Santamour, J., Frank, S. & Bentz, S. (1995). Updated checklist of elm (Ulmus) cultivars for use in North America. Journal of Arboriculture, 21: 3 (May 1995), 121-131. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA.
- ↑ Smalley, E. B. & Lester, D. T. (1973). HortScience 8: 514-515, 1973.
- ↑ Smalley, E. B. & Guries, R. P. (1993). Breeding Elms for Resistance to Dutch Elm Disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology Vol. 31 : 325-354. Palo Alto, California.
- ↑ Pinon, J., Lohou, C. & Cadic, A. (1998). Hybrid Elms (Ulmus Spp.): Adaptability in Paris and behaviour towards Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma novo-ulmi). Acta Horticulturae 496, 107-114, 1998.
- ↑ Pinon, J. (2007). Les ormes résistants à la graphiose. Forêt-entreprise, No. 175 - Juillet 2007, p 37-41, France.
- ↑ Burdekin, D. A. & Rushforth, K. D. (Revised by Webber J. F. 1996). Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease. Arboricultural Research Note 2/96. Arboricultural Advisory and Information Service, Alice Holt, Farnham, UK.
External links
- w:Ulmus 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Ulmus 'Sapporo Autumn Gold' QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
