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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
|familia=Poaceae
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
|genus=Saccharum
| growth_habit = <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
|habit=grass
| high = <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
|lifespan=perennial
| origin = <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|exposure=sun
|features=edible
| exposure = <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
|image=Cut sugarcane.jpg
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
|image_width=240
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
}}
}}
'''Sugarcane''' is any of six to thirty-seven species (depending on taxonomic system) of tall [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[Poaceae|grasses]] of the genus ''Saccharum'' (family [[Poaceae]], tribe [[Andropogoneae]]). Native to warm temperate to tropical regions of [[Asia]], they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in [[sugar]], and measure two to six meters (six to nineteen feet) tall. All sugar [[cane]] species interbreed, and the major commercial [[cultivar]]s are complex [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]].
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Saccharum (saccharon, old Greek name for sugar). Gramineae. The sugar-cane group, little grown for ornament, although making bold specimens.
Saccharum (saccharon, old Greek name for sugar). Gramineae. The sugar-cane group, little grown for ornament, although making bold specimens.
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}}
{{Inc|
syn. Erianthus (Greek, erion, wool, and anthos, a flower). Gramineae. Plume-grabs. Tall reed-like ornamental perennials with large woolly plume-like inflorescence.
Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pedicellate, as in Andropogon, arranged in spikes, and these in a large terminal panicle, clothed with long hairs, especially around the base, the fertile lemma awned.—Species about 18, warmer regions of both hemispheres.
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==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
[[Image:Sugar cane madeira hg.jpg|thumb|left|Sugar cane field on [[Madeira]]|alt=Photo of standing and fallen cane]]
Sugarcane cultivation requires a [[tropical]] or [[temperate]] climate, with a minimum of {{convert|60|cm|in}} of annual moisture. It is one of the most [[Photosynthetic efficiency|efficient]] [[Photosynthesis|photosynthesizers]] in the [[plant kingdom]].
Harvesters by cutting the cane just above ground-level using [[cane knife|cane knives]] or [[machete]]s.
Once cut, sugarcane begins to lose its sugar content.
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
Although sugarcanes produce seeds, modern stem cutting has become the most common reproduction method. Each cutting must contain at least one bud. Once planted, a stand can be harvested several times; after each harvest, the cane sends up new stalks, called '''ratoons.''' Successive harvests give decreasing yields, eventually justifying replanting. Two to ten harvests may be possible between plantings.
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
The cane grub can substantially reduce crop yield by eating roots; it can be controlled with [[Confidor]] or [[Lorsban]]. Other important pests are the [[larva]]e of some [[lepidoptera|butterfly/moth]] species, including the [[turnip moth]], the [[sugarcane borer]] (''Diatraea saccharalis''), the Mexican rice borer (''Eoreuma loftini''); leaf-cutting ants, [[termites]], [[spittlebug]]s (especially ''Mahanarva fimbriolata'' and ''Deois flavopicta''), and the [[beetle]] ''Migdolus fryanus''. The planthopper insect ''[[Eumetopina flavipes]]'' acts as a [[phytoplasma]] vector, which causes the sugarcane disease [[ramu stunt]].<ref>[http://www.biology.ox.ac.uk/sugarcane_nov.html ''Eumetopina flavipes'' and Ramu Stunt]</ref>
Numerous pathogens infect sugarcane. See the [[List of sugarcane diseases|list of sugarcane diseases]]. [[Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease|Grassy Shoot Disease]] [[(SCGS)]] caused by ''[[Phytoplasma]]'', [[Whiptail disease]] caused by [[smut]] (''[[Ustilago scitaminea]]''), [[Pokkah Boeng]] caused by ''[[Fusarium moniliforme]]'', [[Red Rot]] disease caused by ''[[Colletotrichum falcatum]]'' are important and widely found diseases of sugarcane. Among [[viruses]], [[Sugarcane mosaic virus]], [[Maize streak virus]], [[Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus]] are found seldom.
==Species==
==Species==
37 species{{RHS}} including:
*''[[Saccharum arundinaceum]]''
*''[[Saccharum bengalense]]''
*''[[Saccharum edule]]''
*''[[Saccharum officinarum]]''
*''[[Saccharum procerum]]''
*''[[Saccharum ravennae]]''
*''[[Saccharum robustum]]''
*''[[Saccharum sinense]]''
*''[[Saccharum spontaneum]]''
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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