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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
|familia=Rosaceae
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
|genus=Sorbus
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
|species=aucuparia
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
|common_name=European mountain ash, Mountain ash, Rowan
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
|habit=tree
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
|Min ht box=15
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
|Min ht metric=ft
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
|Max ht box=40
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
|Max ht metric=ft
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
|Max wd box=20
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
|Max wd metric=ft
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| color = IndianRed
|origin=Europe, northern Asia
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
|lifespan=perennial
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
|exposure=sun, part-sun
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom -->
|features=flowers
| divisio = <!--- Phylum -->
|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring
| classis = <!--- Class -->
|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| ordo = <!--- Order -->
|Temp Metric=°F
| familia = <!--- Family -->
|min_zone=2
| genus =
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| species =
|max_zone=9
| subspecies =
|image=Sorbus-aucuparia.JPG
| cultivar =
|image_width=240
|image_caption=Rowan growing with [[Mountain Pine]] on a mountainside in the Italian Alps
}}
}}
'''''Sorbus aucuparia''''' ('''Rowan''', '''European Rowan''', '''Mountain ash''', or '''European mountain ash'''), is a species of the genus [[Sorbus]], native to most of [[Europe]] except for the far south, and northern [[Asia]]. In the south of its range in the [[Mediterranean region]] it is confined to high altitudes in mountains.<ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=dvf>Den Virtuella Floran: [http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/rosa/sorbu/sorbaucv.jpg ''Sorbus aucuparia'' map]</ref>
Sometimes called "[[Mountain Ash]]",<ref name=vedel>Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960). Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow. Methuen & Co Ltd.</ref><ref name=arkive>Arkive: [http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/plants_and_algae/Sorbus_aucuparia/more_info.html Rowan (''Sorbus aucuparia'')]</ref> ''Sorbus'' is unrelated to the true [[Fraxinus|Ash tree]] though the leaves are superficially similar.
It is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] typically growing to 8–10 m tall, more rarely 20 m, and exceptionally to 28 m.<ref>Tree Register of the British Isles</ref> The [[bark]] is smooth, silvery grey of young trees, becoming scaly pale grey-brown and occasionally fissured on old trees. The shoots are green and variably hairy at first, becoming grey-brown and hairless; the buds are conspicuous, purple-brown, and often densely hairy. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[pinnate]], 10–22 cm long and 6-12 cm broad, with 9–19 (most often 13–15) leaflets; each leaflet is 3–7 cm long and 15–23 mm broad, with a coarsely serrated margin; they are variably hairy, particularly the petiole and leaf veins on the underside. The [[plant sexuality|hermaphrodite]] [[flower]]s are produced in large terminal [[corymb]]s 8–15 cm diameter with up to 250 flowers, the individual flowers 1 cm diameter, with five creamy-white [[petal]]s, and are insect pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a small [[pome]] 6–9 mm (rarely up to 14 mm) diameter, green at first, ripening bright red in late summer, and containing up to eight (most commonly two) small [[seed]]s. It is [[diploid]], with a [[chromosome]] count of 2''n''=34.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=tfl>Trees for Life Species Profile: [http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.rowan.html Rowan]</ref><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2736 ''Sorbus aucuparia'']</ref>
Widely grown as an ornamental tree in northern Europe, more locally in northern North America, where also sometimes naturalised.
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
Rowan is very tolerant of cold and is often found at high altitude on mountains; in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] it occurs at up to 1 000 m altitude, higher than any other tree, and in [[France]] up to 2 000 m.<ref name=arkive/><ref name=tfl/><ref name=afm2>Mitchell, A. F. (1982). ''The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0</ref>
It is very tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, including thin acid soils and cracks in cliffs. It also fairly frequently grows as an [[epiphyte]] in clefts or cavities of larger trees such as [[Scots Pine]]s, though epiphytic specimens rarely have growing conditions adequate for them to reach maturity.<ref name=tfl/>
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
==Species==
==Subspecies==
*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''aucuparia''. Temperate Europe and northwest Asia, south to central [[Spain]], central [[Italy]], and northernmost [[Greece]], and east to the [[Ob River|Ob]] and [[Irtysh River|Irtysh]] rivers. Tree form; leaves and shoots hairy.
*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''fenenkiana''. [[Bulgaria]] ([[endemism|endemic]]).
*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''glabrata'' (syn. ''S. glabrata''). Subarctic regions, from [[Iceland]], northernmost [[Scotland]] ([[Orkney]], [[Shetland]]), northern [[Scandinavia]], northwest [[Russia]], and also locally at [[tree line]] in central Europe in the [[Alps]] and [[Carpathians]]. Shrubby; leaves and shoots less hairy.
*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''praemorsa''. High altitudes in the Mediterranean region in France ([[Corsica]]) and Italy ([[Sicily]] and [[Calabria]]).
*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''sibirica'' (syn. ''S. sibirica''). Temperate northern Asia, east of the [[Ob River|Ob]] and [[Irtysh River|Irtysh]] rivers. Tree form; leaves and shoots hairless.
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
File:Sorbus aucuparia Wilde lijsterbes bloeiwijze.jpg| photo 1
File:Sorbus aucuparia 01 - Orange.jpg| photo 2
File:Sorbus-aucuparia.JPG| photo 3
</gallery>
</gallery>
==References==
==References==
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
*Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
*Trees for Life Species Profile: [http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.rowan.html Rowan]
*Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2736 ''Sorbus aucuparia'']
<references/>
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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