Difference between revisions of "Stewartia pseudocamellia"
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| − | + | '''''Stewartia pseudocamellia''''' (also '''''Stuartia pseudocamellia'''''; '''Japanese Stewartia''' or '''Deciduous Camellia''', "summer camellia";<ref name="shinrin">[http://shinrin.cool.ne.jp/sub311.html natsutsubaki]</ref> [[Korean language|Korean]]: "overripe cucumber tree"<ref name="korea">Korean Forest Research Institute: [http://www.kfri.go.kr/kor/forest/forestation/trees_14.aspx?topmenu=3&menu=3&submenu=1 Korean Stewartia].</ref>) is a plant species in the genus ''[[Stewartia]]'' in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Theaceae]], native to [[Japan]] (southern [[Honshū]], [[Kyūshū]], [[Shikoku]]) and [[Korea]]. It is a small to medium sized deciduous [[tree]], growing to 10-15 m (rarely to 18 m) tall<ref name="bean">Bean, W. J. (1980). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles'' 4: 507-513. ISBN 0-7195-2428-8.</ref><ref name="rushforth">Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Collins Photographic Guide to Trees''. ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref> often with multiple [[Plant stem|stem]]s and/or low branching [[trunk (botany)|trunk]]s. The [[bark]] is smooth textured, exfoliating as the plants age, and has a camouflaged or mottled appearance with patterns of dull orange and green with grey mixed in. The trees are pyramidal to rounded in shape with deep green coloured foliage. Young stems have a zig-zag shape with flattened, divergent buds. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 4-12 cm long and 2.5-5 cm broad, arranged alternately on the stems with an elliptical shape and finely serrated edges. In the fall the foliage turns yellow, red or purple. The [[flower]]s are up to 8 cm wide, with five white [[petal]]s with orange [[anther]]s; they are shaped like ''[[Camellia]]'' flowers, round and flat to somewhat cupped. They are produced in summer, generally in June until the end of August; each flower is short-lived, but many are produced that open over many weeks. The fruit is a brown [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]], triangular in shape with four or five angles, persistent on the trees but not showy.<ref name="shinrin"/><ref name="korea"/><ref name="rushforth"/> | |
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
| − | + | ''S. pseudocamellia'' is an attractive [[ornamental tree]] that grows best in rich organic soils with good drainage and consistent moisture throughout the year. It is grown in full sun, but under hot and dry conditions it grows best in some light shade during the afternoon.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=CmKi3t5qZe4C&pg=PA379</ref> It is used as a specimen planting in shrub borders or as a specimen in lawn plantings, having year round interest. It can be temperamental to establish and younger trees transplant best.<ref>[http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/s/stepse/stepse1.html Stewartia pseudocamellia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> When grown with single trunks they form taller more pyramidal shaped trees, when having multiple trunks plants tend to grow shorter and spread out wider. In the wild in Japan plants have been known to grow 18 m tall, and in cultivation it has already reached up to 15 m tall.<ref>Tree Register of the British Isles</ref> It was introduced into western cultivation in 1874, and has survived winters as cold as −30 °C<ref>Dirr, M. (1983). ''Manual of woody landscape plants: their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses''. Champaign, Ill, Stipes Pub. Co.: page 667. ISBN 0-87563-226-2</ref>. | |
===Propagation=== | ===Propagation=== | ||
| Line 42: | Line 43: | ||
==Varieties== | ==Varieties== | ||
| − | + | There are two [[variety (biology)|varieties]]:<ref name="bean"/><ref name="rushforth"/> | |
| + | *''Stewartia pseudocamellia'' var. ''japonica'' Maxim. Japan. Flowers open cup-shaped. | ||
| + | *''Stewartia pseudocamellia'' var. ''koreana'' (Nakai ex Rehd.) Sealy. Korea. Flowers open flat. Often treated as a separate species ''S. koreana'' Nakai ex Rehd., mainly in Korea.<ref name="korea"/> | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery perrow=5> | <gallery perrow=5> | ||
| − | Image: | + | Image:Stewartia pseudocamellia 01.JPG|Flower |
| − | Image: | + | Image:Japanese Stewartia Branch Stewartia pseudocamellia 3000px.jpg|Foliage and fruit |
| − | Image: | + | Image:Japanese Stewartia Stewartia pseudocamellia Leaves Vertical 2000px.jpg|Foliage |
| + | Image:Japanese Stewartia Stewartia pseudocamellia Leaves Closeup 3008px.jpg|Foliage closeup | ||
| + | Image:Japanese Stewartia Leaf Cluster Stewartia pseudocamellia 2000px.jpg|Foliage and fruit | ||
| + | Image:Japanese Stewartia Stewartia pseudocamellia Trunk Base 1639px.jpg|Trunk and distinctive bark | ||
| + | Image:Japanese Stewartia Stewartia pseudocamellia Branches 2000px.jpg|Branching from trunk | ||
| + | Image:Japanese Stewartia Stewartia pseudocamellia Bud 2000px.jpg|A bud in early spring | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:36, 18 June 2010
| Habit | tree
| |
|---|---|---|
| Height: | ⇕ | 15 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15. to 20 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 20. |
| Width: | ⇔ | 15 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Bloom: | ❀ | early spring, mid spring, late spring |
| Exposure: | ☼ | sun, part-sun |
|---|---|---|
| Water: | ◍ | moist |
| Features: | ✓ | flowers |
| USDA Zones: | 5 to 9 | |
| Flower features: | ❀ | white |
|
Theaceae > |
Stewartia pseudocamellia (also Stuartia pseudocamellia; Japanese Stewartia or Deciduous Camellia, "summer camellia";[1] Korean: "overripe cucumber tree"[2]) is a plant species in the genus Stewartia in the family Theaceae, native to Japan (southern Honshū, Kyūshū, Shikoku) and Korea. It is a small to medium sized deciduous tree, growing to 10-15 m (rarely to 18 m) tall[3][4] often with multiple stems and/or low branching trunks. The bark is smooth textured, exfoliating as the plants age, and has a camouflaged or mottled appearance with patterns of dull orange and green with grey mixed in. The trees are pyramidal to rounded in shape with deep green coloured foliage. Young stems have a zig-zag shape with flattened, divergent buds. The leaves are 4-12 cm long and 2.5-5 cm broad, arranged alternately on the stems with an elliptical shape and finely serrated edges. In the fall the foliage turns yellow, red or purple. The flowers are up to 8 cm wide, with five white petals with orange anthers; they are shaped like Camellia flowers, round and flat to somewhat cupped. They are produced in summer, generally in June until the end of August; each flower is short-lived, but many are produced that open over many weeks. The fruit is a brown capsule, triangular in shape with four or five angles, persistent on the trees but not showy.[1][2][4]
Cultivation
S. pseudocamellia is an attractive ornamental tree that grows best in rich organic soils with good drainage and consistent moisture throughout the year. It is grown in full sun, but under hot and dry conditions it grows best in some light shade during the afternoon.[5] It is used as a specimen planting in shrub borders or as a specimen in lawn plantings, having year round interest. It can be temperamental to establish and younger trees transplant best.[6] When grown with single trunks they form taller more pyramidal shaped trees, when having multiple trunks plants tend to grow shorter and spread out wider. In the wild in Japan plants have been known to grow 18 m tall, and in cultivation it has already reached up to 15 m tall.[7] It was introduced into western cultivation in 1874, and has survived winters as cold as −30 °C[8].
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
There are two varieties:[3][4]
- Stewartia pseudocamellia var. japonica Maxim. Japan. Flowers open cup-shaped.
- Stewartia pseudocamellia var. koreana (Nakai ex Rehd.) Sealy. Korea. Flowers open flat. Often treated as a separate species S. koreana Nakai ex Rehd., mainly in Korea.[2]
Gallery
Flower
Foliage and fruit
Foliage
Foliage closeup
Foliage and fruit
Trunk and distinctive bark
Branching from trunk
A bud in early spring
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 natsutsubaki
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Korean Forest Research Institute: Korean Stewartia.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bean, W. J. (1980). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 4: 507-513. ISBN 0-7195-2428-8.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Rushforth, K. (1999). Collins Photographic Guide to Trees. ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- ↑ http://books.google.com/books?id=CmKi3t5qZe4C&pg=PA379
- ↑ Stewartia pseudocamellia
- ↑ Tree Register of the British Isles
- ↑ Dirr, M. (1983). Manual of woody landscape plants: their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses. Champaign, Ill, Stipes Pub. Co.: page 667. ISBN 0-87563-226-2
External links
- w:Stewartia pseudocamellia. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Stewartia pseudocamellia QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
