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Downy Japanese Maple (view source)
Revision as of 19:34, 17 September 2010
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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''Acer japonicum''
|familia=Aceraceae
| common_names = Fullmoon Maple
|genus=Acer
| growth_habit = deciduous shrub, small tree
|species=japonicum
| high = 20-30ft
|common_name=Full-moon maple, Downy Japanese Maple
| wide = <!--- 20in (65cm) -->
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| origin = Japan
|habit=tree
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
|Max ht box=30
| exposure = <!--- sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
|Max ht metric=ft
| water = <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
|Max wd box=30
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 40[[Fahrenheit|°F]] (5[[Celsius|°C]]), etc -->
|Max wd metric=ft
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for it's flowers -->
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
|origin=Japan
| sunset_zones = 3-6, 14-16, 31-35, 37, 39
|lifespan=perennial
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
|exposure=sun
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|features=deciduous, flowers, fall color
|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring
|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|Temp Metric=°F
|min_zone=6
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|max_zone=8
|sunset_zones=3-6, 14-16, 31-35, 37, 39
|image=Japan ahorn02.jpg
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''''Acer japonicum''''' ('''Downy Japanese Maple''' or '''Fullmoon Maple''') is a species of [[maple]] native to [[Japan]], on [[Honshū]], [[Hokkaidō]], [[Kyūshū]] ([[Nagasaki Prefecture]]), and also southern [[Korea]].<ref name=kanagawa>Kanagawa Prefecture trees and shrubs: [http://www.geocities.jp/greensv88/jumoku-zz-hauchiwakaede.htm ''Acer japonicum''] (in Japanese; [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.geocities.jp/greensv88/jumoku-zz-hauchiwakaede.htm&sa=X&oi=translate& google translation]). [http://www.webcitation.org/5klXxKVY3 Archived] 2009-10-24.</ref><ref name=jm>Japanese maples: [http://ganshuku.cool.ne.jp/22hautiwa.html ''Acer japonicum''] (in Japanese; [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://ganshuku.cool.ne.jp/22hautiwa.html&sa=X&oi=translate& google translation])</ref>
It is a small [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 5–10 m (rarely 15 m) tall, with a [[trunk (botany)|trunk]] up to 40 cm diameter. The [[bark]] is smooth on young trees, becoming rough and scaly on old trees. The shoots are slender, and thinly downy with whitish hairs. The [[leaf|leaves]] are rounded, 7-15 cm diameter with 9–13 (rarely 7) serrate lobes incised to half or less of the diameter of the leaf; they are downy at first with white hairs, the hairs mostly lost by late summer except on the veins and the underside of the leaf; the petiole is 2–4 cm long and hairy. In autumn, the leaves turn bright orange to dark red. The [[flower]]s are 1 cm diameter, dark purplish-red with five sepals and petals; they are produced 10–15 together in drooping [[corymb]]s in early spring as the leaves start to open. The [[fruit]] is a paired [[samara (fruit)|samara]] with the nutlets 7 mm diameter with a 20–25 mm wing, hanging under the leaves.<ref name=kanagawa/><ref name=jm/><ref name=kanon>Kanon tree book: [http://kanon101.cool.ne.jp/foto_sinrin/K_kaede/hautiwa_kaede/hautiwa_kaede.htm ''Acer japonicum''] (in Japanese; [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://kanon101.cool.ne.jp/foto_sinrin/K_kaede/hautiwa_kaede/hautiwa_kaede.htm&sa=X&oi=translate& google translation])</ref><ref name=gelderen>van Gelderen, C. J. & van Gelderen, D. M. (1999). ''Maples for Gardens: A Color Encyclopedia''.</ref><ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref>
The closely related species ''[[Acer shirasawanum]]'' (Japanese, オオイタヤメイゲツ ''ooitayameigetsu'') from southern Japan is sometimes included as a subspecies of ''A. japonicum''.<ref name=gelderen/> It is distinct in its hairless shoots, and usually smaller leaves. Another related species, ''[[Acer sieboldianum]]'' (Japanese: コハウチワカエデ ''kohauchiwakaede''), is best distinguished by its yellow (not red) flowers, and smooth bark even on old trees. It is more easily distinguished from ''[[Acer palmatum]]'', as that species rarely has leaves with more than seven lobes.<ref name=ij>Infoseek Japan: [http://nosaku.hp.infoseek.co.jp/2000/s001114a.html Maples] (in Japanese; [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://nosaku.hp.infoseek.co.jp/2000/s001114a.html&sa=X&oi=translate& google translation])</ref><ref name=rushforth/>
''A. japonicum'' is frequently cultivated as an [[ornamental plant]] in temperate regions of Europe, North America, and elsewhere, though much less commonly than ''A. palmatum''. In cultivation, it is often only a [[shrub]]by tree with multiple trunks joining at ground-level.<ref name=gelderen/>.
Its preferred growing conditions are similar to those of ''A. palmatum'', but it is sometimes considered more tolerant of cold, especially compared to the more delicate cultivars of the latter.<ref name=gelderen/>
Numerous [[cultivar]]s have been selected, some of which have their own common names (e.g. "Grape-leaf maple" for ''A. japonicum'' 'Vitifolium'). Other popular cultivars are 'Aconitifolium' which has deeply incised leaves, and 'Green Cascade', with drooping to pendulous branches. Because of their variation from the wild species, some cultivars are difficult to assign to species, and they have often been mis-labeled as cultivars of the other related species; notably 'Aureum' has commonly been cited as a cultivar of ''A. japonicum'', but is actually derived from ''A. shirasawanum''.<ref name=gelderen/><ref name=rushforth/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
Cultivars of this maple are found in almost every maple collection including [[Esveld Aceretum]] ([[Boskoop|Boskoop, Netherlands]]) and the large ''Acer'' section of [[Arnold Arboretum]] ([[Boston, Massachusetts]]). They are also common in more general collections of [[horticulture]], such as [[Valley Gardens]] ([[Surrey|Surrey, England]]).
{{Inc|
Acer japonicum, Thunb. Small tree or shrub: branchlets, petioles and peduncles pubescent when young: lvs. 7-11-lobed, cordate, 3-6 in. across, light green, with silky hairs when unfolding; lobes ovate, doubly serrate: corymbs few-flo., pendulous; fls. large, purple: fr. finally glabrous; wings spreading at an obtuse angle. Japan. S.Z. 1:144. S.I.F. 1:66. Var. macrophyllum, Schwerin. Lvs. large, light green. Var. aureum, Schwerin. Lvs. yellow. Var. Parsonsii, Veitch (var. filicifolium, Hort.; var. laciniatum, Hort.). Lvs. large, divided nearly to the base in 9-11 pinnatisect segms. J.H.S. 29:334. R.B. 32:197.
}}
:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Acer|genus page]].''
:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Acer|genus page]].''
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
==Cultivars==
==Cultivars==
*'Aconitifolium' - Fernleaf Fullmoon Maple
*'Aconitifolium' - Fernleaf Downy Japanese Maple
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
File:Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium' JPG1b.jpg| photo 1
<gallery>
File:Acer japonicum Rogów.JPG| photo 2
File:Acer palmatum 11 by Line1.JPG| photo 3
</gallery>
</gallery>
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