Difference between revisions of "Adenia"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Passifloraceae
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| name = ''Adenia''
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|genus=Adenia
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| image = Wuestenkohlrabi.jpg
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|image_caption =''[[Adenia pechuelii]]''
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|image=Wuestenkohlrabi.jpg
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|image_width=240
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|image_caption=Adenia pechuelii
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| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
 
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| familia = [[Passifloraceae]]
 
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| genus = '''''Adenia'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Peter Forsskål|Forssk.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision =
 
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See text.
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Adenia''''' is a genus in the passionflower family Passifloraceae. The genus includes a number of tropical and subtropical xerophytes; many of which form substantially thickened bases or [[liana]]s. It is also a [[Caudiciform]]. Many species are characterised by the extreme toxicity of the [[sap]].  In addition to [[cyanogenic]] compounds, these contain [[lectins]] which destroy [[ribosomes]], hence prevent protein synthesis.  This is the same mode of action as [[ricin]], and the toxicities are comparable.  A. volkensii was shown to be intensely toxic by Barbieri (1984).  Pelosi et al. (2005) compared ten species, and found 3 (A. stenodactyla, A. goezii and A. lanceolata) which were inhibitory at <0.1&nbsp;ng/ml and lethal to mice at <2&nbsp;ug/kg, making them among the most potent plant toxins known.
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
  
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'''''Adenia''''' is a genus in the passionflower family Passifloraceae.
 
  
 
==Species and varieties==
 
==Species and varieties==
  
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*''Adenia aculeata'' Engl.
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*''[[Adenia aculeata]]'' Engl.
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*''Adenia cissampeloides'' (Planch. ex Hook.) Harms
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*''[[Adenia cissampeloides]]'' (Planch. ex Hook.) Harms
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*''Adenia cladosepala'' (Baker) Harms
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*''[[Adenia cladosepala]]'' (Baker) Harms
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*''Adenia digitata'' Engl.
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*''[[Adenia digitata]]'' Engl.
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*''Adenia ellenbeckii'' Harms
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*''[[Adenia ellenbeckii]]'' Harms
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*''A. fruticosa
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*''[[Adenia firingalavense]]'' (Drake ex Jum.) harms
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*''Adenia firingalavense'' (Drake ex Jum.) harms
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*''[[Adenia formosana]]'' Hayata
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*''Adenia glauca'' Schinz
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*''[[Adenia fruticosa]]''
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*''Adenia globosa'' Engl.
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*''[[Adenia glauca]]'' Schinz
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*''A. goetzii
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*''[[Adenia globosa]]'' Engl.
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*''Adenia keramanthus'' Harms.
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*''[[Adenia goetzii]]''
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*''A. lanceolata
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*''[[Adenia keramanthus]]'' Harms.
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*''Adenia lobata'' (Jacq.) Engl.
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*''[[Adenia lanceolata]]''
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*''Adenia olaboensis'' Claverie
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*''[[Adenia lobata]]'' (Jacq.) Engl.
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*''Adenia pechuelii'' Harms
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*''[[Adenia olaboensis]]'' Claverie
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*''A. racemosa
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*''[[Adenia pechuelii]]'' Harms
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*''Adenia spinosa'' Burtt Davy
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*''[[Adenia racemosa]]''
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*''A. stenodactyla
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*''[[Adenia spinosa]]'' Burtt Davy
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*''Adenia venenata'' Forssk.
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*''[[Adenia stenodactyla]]''
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*''Adenia volkensii'' Harms
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*''[[Adenia venenata]]'' Forssk.
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*''[[Adenia volkensii]]'' Harms
  
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This unobtrusive genus should be better known for the extreme toxicity of the [[sap]], especially in those forming a perennial swollen base (a [[caudex]], hence the caudiciform species). In addition to [[cyanogenic]] compounds, these contain [[lectins]] which destroy [[ribosomes]], hence prevent protein synthesis. This is the same mode of action as [[ricin]], and the toxicities are comparable. A. volkensii was shown to be intensely toxic by Barbieri (1984). Pelosi et al (2005) compared ten species, and found 3 (A. stenodactyla, A. goezii and A. lanceolata) which were inhibitory at <0.1 ng/ml and lethal to mice at <2ug/kg, making them among the most potent plant toxins known.
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synonyms =
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*''Blepharanthes'' <small>[[Sm.]]</small>, nom. inval.
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*''Clemanthus'' <small>[[Klotzsch]]</small>
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*''Echinothamnus'' <small>[[Engl.]]</small>
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*''Erythrocarpus'' <small>[[M.Roem.]]</small>
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*''Jaeggia'' <small>[[Schinz]]</small>
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*''Keramanthus'' <small>[[Hook.f.]]</small>
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*''Kolbia'' <small>[[P.Beauv.]]</small>
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*''Machadoa'' <small>[[Welw.]] ex [[Hook.f.]]</small>
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*''Microblepharis'' <small>([[Wight]] & [[Arn.]]) [[M.Roem.]]</small>
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*''Modecca'' <small>[[Lam.]]</small>
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*''Ophiocaulon'' <small>[[Hook.f.]]</small>
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*''Paschanthus'' <small>[[Burch.]]</small>
  
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==External links==
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==Gallery==
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*[http://www.ipni.org/index.html International Plant Names Index]
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<gallery perrow=5>
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*[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Passifloraceae/Adenia.html ''Adenia'' spp.]
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Image:Adenia fruticosa - Atlanta Botanical Garden.JPG|''Adenia fruticosa''
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*[http://www.botany.com/adenia.html ''Adenia'' spp.]
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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Luigi Barbieri, Anna Ida Falasca and Fiorenzo Stirpe (1984)
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<references/>
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Volkensin, the toxin of Adenia volkensii (kilyambiti plant) •
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
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FEBS Letters, Volume 171, Issue 2, 11 June 1984, Pages 277-279
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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Emanuele Pelosi, Chiara Lubelli, Letizia Polito, Luigi Barbieri, Andrea Bolognesi and Fiorenzo Stirpe (2005).
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==External links==
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Ribosome-inactivating proteins and other lectins from Adenia (Passifloraceae)  •
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*{{wplink}}
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Toxicon, Volume 46, Issue 6, November 2005, Pages 658-663
 
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[[Category:Passifloraceae]]
 
  
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{{Malpighiales-stub}}
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 00:53, 10 November 2010


Adenia pechuelii


Plant Characteristics
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Passifloraceae >

Adenia >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Adenia is a genus in the passionflower family Passifloraceae. The genus includes a number of tropical and subtropical xerophytes; many of which form substantially thickened bases or lianas. It is also a Caudiciform. Many species are characterised by the extreme toxicity of the sap. In addition to cyanogenic compounds, these contain lectins which destroy ribosomes, hence prevent protein synthesis. This is the same mode of action as ricin, and the toxicities are comparable. A. volkensii was shown to be intensely toxic by Barbieri (1984). Pelosi et al. (2005) compared ten species, and found 3 (A. stenodactyla, A. goezii and A. lanceolata) which were inhibitory at <0.1 ng/ml and lethal to mice at <2 ug/kg, making them among the most potent plant toxins known.

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species and varieties

synonyms =

Gallery

  • Adenia fruticosa

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References


External links


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