Difference between revisions of "Acaena"

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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Rosaceae
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|genus=Acaena
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|common_name=Biddy biddy, New Zealand burr, Sheep's burrs
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|lifespan=perennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|features=evergreen, invasive
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Acaena novae-zelandiae1.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_caption=''[[Acaena novae-zelandiae]]'' foliage and various fruiting stages
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}}
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'''''Acaena''''' is a genus of about one hundred species of [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herb]]s and [[subshrub]]s in the [[Rosaceae]], native mainly to the [[Southern Hemisphere]], notably [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]] and [[South America]], but with a few species extending into the [[Northern Hemisphere]], north to [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]] (''A. exigua'') and [[California]] (''A. pinnatifida'').
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, {{convert|4|-|15|cm|in}} long, and pinnate or nearly so, with 7-21 [[leaflet]]s. The [[flower]]s are produced in a tight globose [inflorescence] {{convert|1|-|2|cm|in}} in diameter, with no petals. The [[fruit]] is also a dense ball of many [[seed]]s; in many (but not all) species the seeds bear a barbed arrowhead point, the seedhead forming a [[burr (fruit)|burr]] which attaches itself to [[animal]] [[fur]] or [[feather]]s for dispersal.
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Several ''Acaena'' species in New Zealand are known by the common name '''bidibid'''. The word is written variously ''biddy-biddy'', ''biddi-biddi'', ''biddi-bid'' and a number of other variations. These names are the English rendition of the original Māori name of ''piripiri''.<ref>Orsman, H. W. (1999). ''The Dictionary of New Zealand English''. Auckland: Oxford University Press.</ref>
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Acaena (from Greek word signifying thorn). Rosaceae. New Zealand Bur. Trailing, more or less evergreen plants used in rockwork and as ground cover under trees and between other plants.
 
Acaena (from Greek word signifying thorn). Rosaceae. New Zealand Bur. Trailing, more or less evergreen plants used in rockwork and as ground cover under trees and between other plants.
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About 40 species of sub-shrubs or herbs of the southern hemisphere, allied to Agrimonia and Sanguisorba: lvs. unequally pinnate, alternate, the lfts. toothed or cut: fls. small, crowded in erect terminal spikes or heads; petals none; calyx 5-7-lobed, usually armed with spines; stamens 1-10, or even more: fr. an achene, 1 or 2 being enclosed in the hardened calyx.
 
About 40 species of sub-shrubs or herbs of the southern hemisphere, allied to Agrimonia and Sanguisorba: lvs. unequally pinnate, alternate, the lfts. toothed or cut: fls. small, crowded in erect terminal spikes or heads; petals none; calyx 5-7-lobed, usually armed with spines; stamens 1-10, or even more: fr. an achene, 1 or 2 being enclosed in the hardened calyx.
  
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Acaenas are little grown in this country, but are prized in England as groundwork for dwarf spring-flowering bulbs, as trilliums; also useful in protecting native orchids and bog plants. Propagation is by cuttings, divisions and seeds.
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Acaenas are little grown in this country, but are prized in England as groundwork for dwarf spring-flowering bulbs, as trilliums; also useful in protecting native orchids and bog plants.{{SCH}}
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}}
  
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{Taxobox
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| color = lightgreen
 
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| name = ''Acaena''
 
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| image = Acaena novae-zelandiae1.jpg
 
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| image_width = 250px
 
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| image_caption = ''[[Acaena novae-zelandiae]]'' foliage and various fruiting stages
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
 
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| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
 
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| subfamilia = [[Rosoideae]]
 
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| tribus = [[Sanguisorbeae]]
 
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| subtribus= [[Sanguisorbinae]]
 
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| genus = '''''Acaena'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
 
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| subdivision =
 
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See text.
 
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}}
 
  
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'''''Acaena''''' is a genus of about 100 species of [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herb]]s and [[subshrub]]s in the [[Rosaceae]], native mainly to the [[Southern Hemisphere]], notably [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]] and [[South America]], but with a few species extending into the [[Northern Hemisphere]], north to [[Hawaii]] (''A. exigua'') and [[California]] (''A. pinnatifida'').
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===Propagation===
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Propagation is by cuttings, divisions and seeds.{{SCH}}
  
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, 4-15 cm long, and pinnate or nearly so, with 7-21 leaflets. The [[flower]]s are produced in a tight globose inflorescence 1-2 cm diameter, with no petals. The [[fruit]] is also a dense ball of many [[seed]]s; in many (but not all) species the seeds bear a barbed arrowhead point, the seedhead forming a [[burr (fruit)|burr]] which attaches itself to [[animal]] [[fur]] or [[feather]]s for dispersal.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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;Selected species  
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==Species==
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;Selected species{{wp}}
 
{|
 
{|
 
|- valign=top
 
|- valign=top
 
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*''Acaena adscendens''
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*''[[Acaena adscendens]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena anserinifolia''
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*''[[Acaena anserinifolia]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena argentea''
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*''[[Acaena argentea]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena buchananii''
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*''[[Acaena buchananii]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena caesiiglauca''
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*''[[Acaena caesiiglauca]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena exigua'' - Liliwai
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*''[[Acaena dumicola]]'' <small>[[Bryony Macmillan|Macmillan]], 1985</small> ([[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]])
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*''Acaena fissistipula''
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*''[[Acaena emittens]]'' <small>Macmillan, 1989</small> ([[North Island]] of New Zealand)
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*''Acaena glabra''
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*''[[Acaena exigua]]'' <small>[[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]</small> - ''Liliwai'' ([[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]])
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*''Acaena inermis''
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*''[[Acaena fissistipula]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena laevigata''
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*''[[Acaena glabra]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena lucida''
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*''[[Acaena inermis]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena magellanica''
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*''[[Acaena juvenca]]'' <small>Macmillan, 1989</small> (New Zealand)
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*''Acaena microphylla''
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*''[[Acaena laevigata]]'' <small></small>
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*''[[Acaena lucida]]'' <small></small>
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*''[[Acaena magellanica]]'' <small></small>
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*''[[Acaena microphylla]]'' <small></small>
 
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*''Acaena myriophylla''
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*''[[Acaena myriophylla]]'' <small></small>
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*''[[Acaena novae-zelandiae]]'' - [[bidibid]]
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*''[[Acaena novae-zelandiae]]'' <small>Kirk</small> - Bidibid (New Zealand)
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*''Acaena ovalifolia''
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*''[[Acaena ovalifolia]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena ovina''
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*''[[Acaena ovina]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena pallida'' - Sand [[bidibid]]
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*''[[Acaena pallida]]'' <small>(Kirk) Allen</small> - Sand bidibid
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*''Acaena pinnatifida'' - Sheepburr
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*''[[Acaena pinnatifida]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small> - Sheepburr
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*''Acaena platyacantha''
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*''[[Acaena platyacantha]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena pumila''
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*''[[Acaena pumila]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena saccaticupula''
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*''[[Acaena rorida]]'' <small>Macmillan, 1991</small> (North Island of New Zealand)
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*''Acaena sanguisorbae''
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*''[[Acaena saccaticupula]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena sericea''
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*''[[Acaena sanguisorba]]e'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena splendens''
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*''[[Acaena sericea]]'' <small></small>
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*''Acaena trifida''
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*''[[Acaena splendens]]'' <small></small>
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*''[[Acaena tesca]]'' <small>Macmillan, 1991</small> (South Island of New Zealand)
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*''[[Acaena trifida]]'' <small></small>
 
|}
 
|}
  
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===Invasive species===
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==Gallery==
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Some species have been introduced accidentally to other areas, attached to [[sheep]]'s [[wool]], and have become [[invasive species]]. ''A. novae-zelandiae'', the [[bidibid]] from New Zealand, is the most commonly encountered species in [[Great Britain]], where it is often abundant on coastal sand dunes, crowding out native vegetation and creating an often painful nuisance with the barbed burrs. In California, ''A. pallida'', from New Zealand and southeast Australia, is similarly a problem species.
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Rosaceae]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Pantropical flora]]
 

Latest revision as of 01:09, 4 February 2011


Acaena novae-zelandiae foliage and various fruiting stages


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Features: ✓ evergreen, invasive
Scientific Names

Rosaceae >

Acaena >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Acaena is a genus of about one hundred species of perennial herbs and subshrubs in the Rosaceae, native mainly to the Southern Hemisphere, notably New Zealand, Australia and South America, but with a few species extending into the Northern Hemisphere, north to [[Hawaii|HawaiTemplate:Okinai]] (A. exigua) and California (A. pinnatifida).

The leaves are alternate, 4 - 15 cm long, and pinnate or nearly so, with 7-21 leaflets. The flowers are produced in a tight globose [inflorescence] 1 - 2 cm in diameter, with no petals. The fruit is also a dense ball of many seeds; in many (but not all) species the seeds bear a barbed arrowhead point, the seedhead forming a burr which attaches itself to animal fur or feathers for dispersal.

Several Acaena species in New Zealand are known by the common name bidibid. The word is written variously biddy-biddy, biddi-biddi, biddi-bid and a number of other variations. These names are the English rendition of the original Māori name of piripiri.[1]


Read about Acaena in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Acaena (from Greek word signifying thorn). Rosaceae. New Zealand Bur. Trailing, more or less evergreen plants used in rockwork and as ground cover under trees and between other plants.

About 40 species of sub-shrubs or herbs of the southern hemisphere, allied to Agrimonia and Sanguisorba: lvs. unequally pinnate, alternate, the lfts. toothed or cut: fls. small, crowded in erect terminal spikes or heads; petals none; calyx 5-7-lobed, usually armed with spines; stamens 1-10, or even more: fr. an achene, 1 or 2 being enclosed in the hardened calyx.

Acaenas are little grown in this country, but are prized in England as groundwork for dwarf spring-flowering bulbs, as trilliums; also useful in protecting native orchids and bog plants.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Propagation is by cuttings, divisions and seeds.CH

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

Selected specieswp

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Orsman, H. W. (1999). The Dictionary of New Zealand English. Auckland: Oxford University Press.
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