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Bactris major (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|genus=Bactris  
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|familia=Arecaceae
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|genus=Bactris
 
|species=major
 
|species=major
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|common_name=Black roseau, Kawmaka, Prickly palm
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|habit=palm-cycad
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|Max ht box=15
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|Max ht metric=m
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|origin=Surinam
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|origin_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|lifespan=perennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|features=evergreen
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|min_zone=11
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|image=Upload.png
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|max_zone=12
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|image=Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) 11.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Bactris major''''' is a small to medium sized (1–10 m tall) [[spine (botany)|spiny]] [[Arecaceae|palm]] which ranges from [[Mexico]], through [[Central America]] into northern [[South America]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]].<ref name = Henderson>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Andrew |authorlink= Andrew Henderson (botanist)|coauthors=[[Gloria Galeano]]; [[Rodrigo Bernal]]|title=Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey| isbn= 0-691-08537-4 }}</ref><ref name=Kew>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18943&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=18943&status=true |title= ''Bactris major''|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>  The species is divided into three<ref name=Kew/> or four<ref name = Henderson/> varieties, although the boundaries between varieties is not always clearly defined.<ref name = Henderson/>
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The fruits are eaten or used to flavour drinks.<ref name = Henderson/>
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Bactris major, Jacq. Beach Palm. St. 9-15 ft. high, 1-1½ in. diam., armed with rows of black spines 2 in. long: petiole armed with very long black, terete spines; Lvs. 4-6 ft. long, equally pinnatisect nearly to the rachis; sheath and rachis spiny and white or brown tomentose; segms. linear, acute at both ends, 25-35 on each side, 1-nerved, 8-12 in. long, ⅓-½ in. wide, glabrous on both sides, densely setose, with black hairs along the margin.: frs. about the size of an apricot, edible. Brazil.
 
Bactris major, Jacq. Beach Palm. St. 9-15 ft. high, 1-1½ in. diam., armed with rows of black spines 2 in. long: petiole armed with very long black, terete spines; Lvs. 4-6 ft. long, equally pinnatisect nearly to the rachis; sheath and rachis spiny and white or brown tomentose; segms. linear, acute at both ends, 25-35 on each side, 1-nerved, 8-12 in. long, ⅓-½ in. wide, glabrous on both sides, densely setose, with black hairs along the margin.: frs. about the size of an apricot, edible. Brazil.
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==Varieties==
 
==Varieties==
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[[Rafaël Govaerts]] recognised three varieties:
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* ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''<ref name = var1>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18945&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=18945&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
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* ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'' (Mart.) Drude<ref name = var2>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18944&repSynonym_id=18905&name_id=18944&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'' (Mart.) Drude|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
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* ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'' (Mart.) Drude<ref name = var3>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18947&repSynonym_id=19065&name_id=18947&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'' (Mart.) Drude|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
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[[Andrew Henderson (botanist)|Andrew Henderson]] and co-authors recognised a fourth variety, ''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' (Trail ex Thurn) [[Andrew Henderson (botanist)|A.J.Hend.]],<ref name = Henderson/> but Govaerts considered this to be a synonym of ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18945&repSynonym_id=18962&name_id=18946&status=false |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' (Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend.|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work=  [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
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Synonyms:<br>
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''Bactris ovata'' Stokes ([[nom. illeg.]])</small>,
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''Augustinea major'' (Jacq.) H.Karst.</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis major'' (Jacq.) H.Karst.</small>,
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(of ''Bactris major'')<ref name = Kew/>
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--<br>
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''Bactris chaetorhachis'' <small>Mart.</small>,
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''Bactris minax'' <small>Miq.</small>,
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''Augustinea balanoidea'' <small>Oerst.</small>,
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''Augustinea ovata'' <small>Oerst.</small>,
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''Bactris cruegeriana'' <small>Griseb.</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis balanoidea'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Karst.</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis ovata'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Karst.</small>,
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''Bactris balanoidea'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Wendl.</small>,
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''Bactris ovata'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Wendl. (nom. illeg.)</small>,
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''Bactris megalocarpa'' <small>Trail ex Thurn</small>,
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''Bactris ottostapfiana'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
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''Bactris augustinea'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris superior'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis chaetorhachis'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis ottostapfiana'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis superior'' <small>(L.H.Bailey) Burret</small>,
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''Bactris albonotata'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris beata'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris broadwayi'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris cateri'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris ellipsoidalis'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris obovoidea'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris planifolia'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris swabeyi'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Bactris demerarana'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis cruegeriana'' <small>(Griseb.) H.Karst.</small>,
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''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' <small>(Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend.</small>,
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(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''major'')<ref name = var1/>
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--<br>
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''Bactris infesta'' <small>Mart.</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis infesta'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
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''Bactris exaltata'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
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''Bactris nemorosa'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
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''Bactris socialis'' subsp. ''curuena'' <small>Trail</small>,
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''Bactris socialis'' subsp. ''gaviona'' <small>Trail</small>,
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''Bactris curuena'' <small>(Trail) Trail ex Drude</small>,
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''Bactris gaviona'' <small>(Trail) Trail ex Drude</small>,
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''Bactris chapadensis'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
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''Bactris major'' var. ''mattogrossensis'' <small>Kuntze</small>,
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''Bactris mattogrossensis'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis chapadensis'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis curuena'' <small>(Trail) Burret</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis exaltata'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis gaviona'' <small>(Trail) Burret</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis mattogrossensis'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis nemorosa'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
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(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'')<ref name = var2/>
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--<br>
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''Bactris socialis'' <small>Mart. </small>,
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''Pyrenoglyphis socialis'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
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(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'')<ref name = var3/>
    
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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