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Pennyroyal (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Lamiaceae
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|genus=Mentha
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|species=pulegium
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|taxo_author=L.
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|common_name=Pennyroyal
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|habit=herbaceous
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|Min ht metric=cm
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|poisonous=oil
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|lifespan=perennial
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|exposure=sun
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|features=flowers, fragrance, ground cover
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|image=Gardenology.org-IMG 2751 rbgs11jan.jpg
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|image_width=240
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}}
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'''Pennyroyal''' refers to two plants in the mint family, ''[[Lamiaceae]]''. For the American species, see [[American pennyroyal]]. The European pennyroyal, ''Mentha pulegium'', (also called Squaw Mint, Mosquito Plant,<ref>Gunby, Phil. (1979). "Medical News: Plant Known for Centuries Still Causes Problems Today." ''Journal of the American Medical Association'' 241(21): 2246-2247.</ref> and Pudding Grass<ref>Keville, Kathi. (1994). ''Herbs: An Illustrated Encyclopedia''. New York, New York: Friedman/Fairfax Publishers. Pp. 128.</ref>), is a [[plant]] in the [[mentha|mint]] [[genus]], within the family [[Lamiaceae]].  Crushed Pennyroyal leaves exhibit a very strong fragrance similar to [[spearmint]]. Pennyroyal is a traditional [[culinary herb]], [[folk remedy]], and [[abortifacient]]. The essential oil of pennyroyal is used in [[aromatherapy]], and is also high in [[pulegone]], a highly [[toxic]] [[volatile organic compound]] affecting liver and uterine function.
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{{Inc|
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Mentha pulegium. Linn. Pennyroyal. Prostrate, much branched: lvs. small, about ½in. or less long, round-oval, entire or slightly crenate, hairy: fls. in dense axillary whorls, small, bluish lilac; mouth of calyx closed by hairs; upper lobe of corolla notched. In wet places, Eu. and W. Asia, and intro. elsewhere.
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Var. gibraltarica, Hort., is a dwarf compact form with deep green foliage which is sometimes variegated, used in rock-gardens and also in geometrical designs.—M. Pulegium has a strong and agreeable odor; lvs. sometimes used for seasoning. It is sometimes grown in kitchen-gardens, preferring a moist rather stiff soil. Prop, by division. The American pennyroyal is Hedeoma pulegioides. The oil of the two is similar.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Pennyroyal of Europe, Mentha Pulegium; of America, Hedeoma pulegioides. Bastard P., or blue curls, is Trichostema dichotomum. All are members of the mint family.
 
Pennyroyal of Europe, Mentha Pulegium; of America, Hedeoma pulegioides. Bastard P., or blue curls, is Trichostema dichotomum. All are members of the mint family.
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The garden pennyroyal, Mentha Pulegium, is a European perennial, used for seasoning. It is one of the sweet herbs." It is easily grown, profiting by a winter protection of leaves or litter. Propagation is mostly by division. Beds should be renewed frequently.
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The garden pennyroyal, Mentha Pulegium, is a European perennial, used for seasoning. It is one of the sweet herbs." It is easily grown, profiting by a winter protection of leaves or litter. Propagation is mostly by division. Beds should be renewed frequently.{{SCH}}
 
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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{{Taxobox
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===Propagation===
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| color = lightgreen
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division, cuttings, seed
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| name = Pennyroyal
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| image = Mentha pulegium.jpg
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===Pests and diseases===
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| image_width = 200px
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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==Species==
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| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
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| familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
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==Gallery==
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| genus = ''[[Mentha]]''
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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| species = '''''M. pulegium'''''
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| binomial = ''Mentha pulegium''
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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}}
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The herb '''Pennyroyal''' (''[[Mentha]] pulegium'', family [[Lamiaceae]]), is a member of the [[mint]] [[genus]]; an [[essential oil]] extracted from it is used in [[aromatherapy]]. Crushed Pennyroyal leaves and foliage exhibit a very strong mint fragrance. Pennyroyal is a traditional [[folk medicine]] poison and [[abortifacient]]. These oils are high in [[pulegone]], a highly toxic volatile, which can stimulate uterine activity.
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==Uses==
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<gallery>
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Pennyroyal [[Tisane|tea]] has been traditionally employed as an [[emmenagogue]] or as an [[abortifacient]].  The [[essential oil]] is extremely concentrated, and is highly toxic even in small doses.<ref name="medline">U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health [[MedlinePlus]] website,  [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-pennyroyal.html  Pennyroyal patient information] retrieved on August 6, 2007.</ref>  Complications have been reported from attempts to use the oil to induce abortions: in 1978, a pregnant woman died after consuming approximately two [[tablespoon]]fuls (30&nbsp;ml) of Pennyroyal oil, and in 1994, another death occurred after a pregnant woman (attempting to self-abort, but with an unknown [[ectopic pregnancy]]) consumed tea containing Pennyroyal extract.<ref>''[[Metro Silicon Valley]]'', December 14, 1995. "Lifestyle on Trial" by Gordon Young. [http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/12.14.95/pennyroyal-9550.html Metroactive online edition],  retrieved on August 6, 2007.</ref><ref name="medline" />
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File:Gardenology.org-IMG 2750 rbgs11jan.jpg
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==See also==
 
==See also==
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* ''[[Hedeoma pulegioides]]'' &mdash; American Pennyroyal, distantly related species
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* ''[[Hedeoma pulegioides]]'' — American Pennyroyal, distantly related species
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* "[[Pennyroyal Tea]]" (1993), grunge rock song by [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]
      
==References==
 
==References==
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<references />
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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{{Commonscat|Mentha pulegium}}
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*{{wplink}}
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*ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/plants_and_algae/Mentha_pulegium/ images and movies of the Pennyroyal ''(Mentha pulegium)'']
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* [http://www.maltawildplants.com/LABT/Mentha_pulegium.html Comprehensive profile for ''Mentha pulegium''] from the website [[MaltaWildPlants.com]]
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[[Category:Abortifacients]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
 
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