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Glossary of Gardening Terms (view source)
Revision as of 04:26, 7 January 2012
, 04:26, 7 January 2012→E
''[[Abortive]]''. Defective; barren; not developed.
''[[Abortive]]''. Defective; barren; not developed.
''[[Abrupt]]''. Changing suddenly rather than gradually, as a leaf that is narrowed quickly to a point, or a pinnate leaf that has no terminal leaflet; not tapering.
''[[Abrupt]]''. Changing suddenly rather than gradually, as a [[leaf]] that is narrowed quickly to a point, or a [[pinnate]] leaf that has no terminal [[leaflet]]; not tapering.
''[[Acaulescent]]''. Stemless, or apparently stemless; sometimes the stem is subterranean or protrudes only slightly.
''[[Acaulescent]]''. [[Stemless]], or apparently stemless; sometimes the stem is subterranean or protrudes only slightly.
''[[Accessory buds]]''. Buds more than one in an axil.
''[[Accessory buds]]''. [[Bud]]s more than one in an [[axil]].
''[[Accessory fruit]]''. Fruit-like body composed of pericarp and other structure or structures seemingly a part of it, but not originally united with it, as wintergreen berry.
''[[Accessory fruit]]''. [[Fruit]]-like body composed of [[pericarp]] and other structure or structures seemingly a part of it, but not originally united with it, as [[wintergreen berry]].
''[[Accrescent]]''. Increasing; becoming larger after flowering, as the calyx in some plants.
''[[Accrescent]]''. Increasing; becoming larger after [[flower]]ing, as the [[calyx]] in some plants.
''[[Accumbent]]''. Lying against; said of cotyledons when the edges are placed against the radicle.
''[[Accumbent]]''. Lying against; said of [[cotyledon]]s when the edges are placed against the [[radicle]].
''[[Achene]]'' (akene). A dry indehiscent one-seeded pericarp.
''[[Achene]]'' (akene). A dry [[indehiscent]] one-seeded [[pericarp]].
''[[Achlamydeous]]''. Lacking calyx or corolla; naked.
''[[Achlamydeous]]''. Lacking [[calyx]] or [[corolla]]; [[naked]].
''[[Acinaciform]]''. Shaped like a scimitar; curved, round toward the point, being thicker on the outer side than on the convex or inner side.
''[[Acinaciform]]''. Shaped like a scimitar; curved, round toward the point, being thicker on the outer side than on the convex or inner side.
''[[Acotyledonous]]''. Without cotyledons.
''[[Acotyledonous]]''. Without [[cotyledon]]s.
''[[Adnate]]''. Grown to, united with another part; as stamens with the corolla-tube or an anther in its whole length with the filament.
''[[Adnate]]''. Grown to, united with another part; as [[stamen]]s with the [[corolla]]-tube or an [[anther]] in its whole length with the [[filament]].
''[[Adventitious buds]]''. Buds appearing on occasion, rather than in regular places and order, as those arising about wounds.
''[[Adventitious buds]]''. [[Bud]]s appearing on occasion, rather than in regular places and order, as those arising about wounds.
''[[Adventive]]''. Said of an introduced plant not yet established; imperfectly or only partially naturalized.
''[[Adventive]]''. Said of an introduced plant not yet established; imperfectly or only partially [[naturalize]]d.
''[[Aestivation]]''. The arrangement of floral envelopes in the bud (aestivus, ''summer'', when flowers mostly appear. Vernation is leaf-arrangement in the bud).
''[[Aestivation]]''. The arrangement of [[floral envelope]]s in the [[bud]] (aestivus, ''summer'', when [[flower]]s mostly appear. Vernation is [[leaf]]-arrangement in the bud).
''[[Affinity]]''. A plant or part closely related to another or much resembling it in structure.
''[[Affinity]]''. A plant or part closely related to another or much resembling it in structure.
''[[Agglomerate]]''. Piled together, heaped up.
''[[Agglomerate]]''. Piled together, heaped up.
''[[Aggregate fruit]]''. One formed by the coherence of pistils that were distinct in the flower, as blackberry.
''[[Aggregate fruit]]''. One formed by the coherence of [[pistil]]s that were distinct in the [[flower]], as [[blackberry]].
''[[Albumen]]''. Starchy or other nutritive material accompanying the embryo; commonly used in the sense of [[endosperm]], for the material surrounding the embryo.
''[[Albumen]]''. Starchy or other nutritive material accompanying the [[embryo]]; commonly used in the sense of [[endosperm]], for the material surrounding the embryo.
''[[Alburnum]]''. The [[sapwood]] or younger wood of a tree.
''[[Alburnum]]''. The [[sapwood]] or younger wood of a tree.
''[[Alternate]]''. Any arrangement of leaves or other parts not opposite or [[whorled]]; placed singly at different heights on the [[axis]] or [[stem]].
''[[Alternate]]''. Any arrangement of [[leaves]] or other parts not opposite or [[whorled]]; placed singly at different heights on the [[axis]] or [[stem]].
''[[Alveolate]]''. Honey-combed, or pitted with angular separated depressions.
''[[Alveolate]]''. Honey-combed, or pitted with angular separated depressions.
''[[Ament]]''. Catkin.
''[[Ament]]''. Catkin.
''[[Amentiferous]]''. Bearing aments or catkins.
''[[Amentiferous]]''. Bearing [[ament]]s or catkins.
''[[Amorphous]]''. Formless; of no definite or constant form.
''[[Amorphous]]''. Formless; of no definite or constant [[form]].
''[[Amphigean]]''. Of both worlds, the Old and New; said of distribution of plants.
''[[Amphigean]]''. Of both worlds, the Old and New; said of distribution of plants.
''[[Amphitropous]]''. Said of a straight [[ovule]] or seed that is apparently turned a quarter way around, so that it is half inverted and with the scar or [[hilum]] on the side.
''[[Amphitropous]]''. Said of a straight [[ovule]] or seed that is apparently turned a quarter way around, so that it is half inverted and with the scar or [[hilum]] on the side.
''[[Ampullaceous]]''. Said of plants bearing flask-like parts, as in certain aquatics such as Utricularia.
''[[Ampullaceous]]''. Said of plants bearing flask-like parts, as in certain aquatics such as [[Utricularia]].
''[[Analogous]]''. Related in function or use, but not in origin. See ''[[Homologous]]''.
''[[Analogous]]''. Related in function or use, but not in origin. See ''[[Homologous]]''.
''[[Anastomosing]]''. Netted; interveined; said of leaves marked by cross-veins forming a network.
''[[Anastomosing]]''. Netted; interveined; said of [[leaves]] marked by cross-veins forming a network.
''[[Anatropous]]''. Said of a straight [[ovule]] or seed that is inverted, with the [[micropyle]] next the [[hilum]] or scar.
''[[Anatropous]]''. Said of a straight [[ovule]] or seed that is inverted, with the [[micropyle]] next the [[hilum]] or scar.
''[[Angiosperms]]''. Plants that bear the seeds within a [[pericarp]], in distinction from the [[gymnosperm]]s which have naked [[ovule]]s and seeds; having a closed ovary.
''[[Angiosperms]]''. Plants that bear the seeds within a [[pericarp]], in distinction from the [[gymnosperm]]s which have naked [[ovule]]s and seeds; having a closed ovary.
''[[Annual]]''. Of one season's duration from seed to maturity and death.
''[[Annual]]''. Of one season's duration from [[seed]] to maturity and death.
''[[Anterior]]''. Front; on the front side; away from the axis; toward the subtending [[bract]].
''[[Anterior]]''. Front; on the front side; away from the axis; toward the subtending [[bract]].
''[[Antheriferous]]''. [[Anther]]-bearing.
''[[Antheriferous]]''. [[Anther]]-bearing.
''[[Anthesis]]''. Flowering; strictly, the time of expansion of a flower, but often used to designate the flowering period; the act of flowering.
''[[Anthesis]]''. [[Flower]]ing; strictly, the time of expansion of a flower, but often used to designate the flowering period; the act of flowering.
''[[Anthocarpous]]''. Said of a body combined of flowers and fruit united into a solid mass, as in the [[pineapple]] or the [[mulberry]].
''[[Anthocarpous]]''. Said of a body combined of flowers and fruit united into a solid mass, as in the [[pineapple]] or the [[mulberry]].
''[[Antical]]''. Front, anterior.
''[[Antical]]''. Front, anterior.
''[[Apetalous]]''. No petals; petals missing.
''[[Apetalous]]''. No [[petal]]s; petals missing.
''[[Apical]]''. At the apex or top.
''[[Apical]]''. At the apex or top.
''[[Chaff]]''. A small thin dry and membranous [[scale]] or [[bract]]; in particular, the bracts in the [[flower]]-heads of composites.
''[[Chaff]]''. A small thin dry and membranous [[scale]] or [[bract]]; in particular, the bracts in the [[flower]]-heads of composites.
''[[Champain]]''. Expanse of flat, open countryside.
''[[Channeled]]''. Deeply grooved lengthwise; [[canaliculate]].
''[[Channeled]]''. Deeply grooved lengthwise; [[canaliculate]].
==D==
==D==
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''[[Deciduous]]''. Falling, as the leaves of non-evergreen trees.
''[[Deciduous]]''. Falling, as the leaves of non-[[evergreen]] trees. ie. Plants that lose their leaves during winter.
''[[Decompound]]''. More than once compound.
''[[Decompound]]''. More than once compound.
''[[Decumbent]]''. Reclining or lying on the ground, but with the end ascending.
''[[Decumbent]]''. Reclining or lying on the ground, but with the end ascending.
''[[Decurrent]]''. Running down the stem, as the leaf of mullein.
''[[Decurrent]]''. Running down the stem, as the leaf of [[mullein]].
''[[Decussate]]''. Opposite leaves in four rows up and down the stem; alternating in pairs at right angles.
''[[Decussate]]''. Opposite leaves in four rows up and down the stem; alternating in pairs at right angles.
''[[Determinate]]''. Definite cessation of growth at the apex or in the main axis.
''[[Determinate]]''. Definite cessation of growth at the apex or in the main axis.
''[[Di-]]. Dis,-''. In Greek combinations, signifying two or twice as diphyllus, two-leaved.
''[[Di-]]. Dis,-''. In Greek combinations, signifying two or twice as [[diphyllus]], two-leaved.
''[[Diadelphous]]''. In two groups, as the stamens of some Leguminosee, joined by their filaments.
''[[Diadelphous]]''. In two groups, as the [[stamen]]s of some [[Leguminosae]], joined by their [[filament]]s.
''[[Diandrous]]''. With two stamens.
''[[Diandrous]]''. With two [[stamen]]s.
''[[Diaphanous]]''. Transparent or translucent.
''[[Diaphanous]]''. Transparent or translucent.
''[[Dicarpellous]]''. Comprised of two carpels.
''[[Dicarpellous]]''. Comprised of two [[carpel]]s.
''[[Dichlamydeous]]''. Provided with both calyx and corolla.
''[[Dichlamydeous]]''. Provided with both [[calyx]] and [[corolla]].
''[[Dichogamy]]''. Stamens and pistils maturing at different times.
''[[Dichogamy]]''. [[Stamen]]s and [[pistil]]s maturing at different times.
''[[Diclinous]]''. Imperfect; having either stamens or pistils but not both; unisexual. See Monoclinous.
''[[Diclinous]]''. Imperfect; having either [[stamen]]s or [[pistil]]s but not both; unisexual. See ''[[Monoclinous]]''.
''[[Dicoccous]]''. Separating into two cocci.
''[[Dicoccous]]''. Separating into two [[cocci]].
''[[Dicotyledonous]]''. With two cotyledons.
''[[Dicotyledonous]]''. With two [[cotyledon]]s.
''[[Didynamous]]''. With four stamens in two pairs of different length.
''[[Didynamous]]''. With four [[stamen]]s in two pairs of different length.
''[[Diffuse]]''. Loosely branching or spreading; of open growth.
''[[Diffuse]]''. Loosely branching or spreading; of open growth.
''[[Dimerous]]''. The parts in twos.
''[[Dimerous]]''. The parts in twos.
''[[Dioecious]]''. Staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants. .
''[[Dioecious]]''. [[Staminate]] and [[pistillate]] flowers on different plants. .
''[[Dipterous]]''. Two-winged.
''[[Dipterous]]''. Two-winged.
''[[Dipyrenous]]''. Having two stones or pyrenes.
''[[Dipyrenous]]''. Having two [[stones]] or [[pyrenes]].
''[[Disciform]]''. Flattish and circular like a discus.
''[[Disciform]]''. Flattish and circular like a discus.
''[[Discoid]]''. Disk-like; in particular, said of a head of Compositae without ray-flowers.
''[[Discoid]]''. Disk-like; in particular, said of a head of [[Compositae]] without ray-flowers.
''[[Disk]], disc''. A more or less fleshy or elevated development of the receptacle about the pistil; receptacle in the head of Composite.
''[[Disk]], disc''. A more or less fleshy or elevated development of the receptacle about the [[pistil]]; receptacle in the head of [[Compositae]].
''[[Disk-flowers]]''. The tubular flowers in the center of heads of Composite, as distinguished from the ray-flowers.
''[[Disk-flowers]]''. The tubular flowers in the center of heads of [[Compositae]], as distinguished from the ray-flowers.
''[[Dissected]]''. Divided into many slender segments.
''[[Dissected]]''. Divided into many slender segments.
''[[Divided]]''. Separated to the base.
''[[Divided]]''. Separated to the base.
''[[Division]]''. Propagation by means of separating the root system or rhizome system into parts; cutting up the plant into several root-bearing parts or pieces, as when one rhubarb plant is made into two or more.
''[[Division]]''. [[Propagation]] by means of separating the [[root]] system or [[rhizome]] system into parts; cutting up the plant into several root-bearing parts or pieces, as when one [[rhubarb]] plant is made into two or more.
''[[Dorsal]]''. Back; relating to the back or outer surface of a part or organ.
''[[Dorsal]]''. Back; relating to the back or outer surface of a part or organ.
''[[Downy]]''. Covered with very short and weak soft hairs.
''[[Downy]]''. Covered with very short and weak soft hairs.
''[[Drupe]]''. A fleshy one-seeded indehiscent fruit, with seed enclosed in a stony endocarp; stone-fruit.
''[[Drupe]]''. A fleshy one-seeded [[indehiscent]] fruit, with seed enclosed in a stony [[endocarp]]; stone-fruit.
''[[Drupelet]]''. One drupe in a fruit made up of aggregate drupes, as in the raspberry.
''[[Drupelet]]''. One [[drupe]] in a fruit made up of aggregate drupes, as in the raspberry.
''[[Dumose]]''. Low and branching, as a bush.
''[[Dumose]]''. Low and branching, as a bush.
==E==
==E==
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''[[E-]] or Ex-''. In Latin-formed words, usually denoting, as a prefix, that parts are missing, as exstipulate, without stipules, estriate, without stripes.
''[[E-]] or Ex-''. In Latin-formed words, usually denoting, as a prefix, that parts are missing, as [[exstipulate]], without stipules, [[estriate]], without stripes.
''[[Ecalcarate]]''. Without calcar or spur.
''[[Ecalcarate]]''. Without [[calcar]] or [[spur]].
''[[Ecology]]''. Study of habits and modes of life of animals and plants.
''[[Ecology]]''. Study of habits and modes of life of animals and plants and their relationships to one another.
''[[Ecostate]]''. Without ribs.
''[[Ecostate]]''. Without ribs.
''[[Elongate]]''. Lengthened; stretched out.
''[[Elongate]]''. Lengthened; stretched out.
''[[Embryo]]''. The plantlet in the seed.
''[[Embryo]]''. The [[plantlet]] in the seed.
''[[Endocarp]]''. The inner layer or part of a pericarp.
''[[Endocarp]]''. The inner layer or part of a [[pericarp]].
''[[Endogen]]''. Term applied to stems having scattered bundles, as of Indian corn, not appropriate, and now little used. See Exogen.
''[[Endogen]]''. Term applied to stems having scattered bundles, as of [[Indian corn]], not appropriate, and now little used. See ''[[Exogen]]''.
''[[Endosperm]]''. Starch or other food outside or around the embryo; albumen.
''[[Endosperm]]''. Starch or other food outside or around the embryo; [[albumen]].
''[[Ensiform]], ensate''. Sword-shaped; long, flat, 2-edged, nearly or quite straight, with a sharp point.
''[[Ensiform]], ensate''. Sword-shaped; long, flat, 2-edged, nearly or quite straight, with a sharp point.
''[[Environment]]''. Surroundings; conditions in which organisms live and grow.
''[[Environment]]''. Surroundings; conditions in which organisms live and grow.
''[[Ephemeral]]''. Persisting for one day only, as flowers of spiderwort.
''[[Ephemeral]]''. Persisting for one day only, as [[flower]]s of [[spiderwort]].
''[[Epi]]''. A Greek prefix signifying on or upon.
''[[Epi]]''. A Greek prefix signifying on or upon.
''[[Epicarp]]''. The outer layer or surface of the pericarp.
''[[Epicarp]]''. The outer layer or surface of the [[pericarp]].
''[[Epichile]]''. The upper part of the jointed lip of an orchid.
''[[Epichile]]''. The upper part of the jointed lip of an [[orchid]].
''[[Epicotyl]]''. That part of the caulicle lying above the cotyledons.
''[[Epicotyl]]''. That part of the [[caulicle]] lying above the [[cotyledon]]s.
''[[Epidermis]]''. Superficial layer of cells and underneath the cuticle.
''[[Epidermis]]''. Superficial layer of cells and underneath the cuticle.
''[[Epigeal]]''. Cotyledons rising into the air in germination.
''[[Epigeal]]''. [[Cotyledon]]s rising into the air in [[germination]].
''[[Epigeous]]''. Close upon the ground rather than underneath.
''[[Epigeous]]''. Close upon the ground rather than underneath.
''[[Epigynous]]''. Borne on the ovary; used of floral parts when ovary is inferior and flower not perigynous.
''[[Epigynous]]''. Borne on the ovary; used of floral parts when ovary is inferior and flower not [[perigynous]].
''[[Epipetalous]]''. On a petal.
''[[Epipetalous]]''. On a [[petal]].
''[[Epiphyllous]]''. On a leaf.
''[[Epiphyllous]]''. On a [[leaf]].
''[[Epiphyte]]'', Air-plant; a plant growing on another or on some other elevated support.
''[[Epiphyte]]'', Air-plant; a plant growing on another or on some other elevated support.
''[[Equitant]]''. Sitting astride; used for conduplicate leaves that stand inside each other in two ranks, as in Iris.
''[[Equitant]]''. Sitting astride; used for [[conduplicate]] leaves that stand inside each other in two ranks, as in [[Iris]].
''[[Erostrate]]''. Without a beak.
''[[Erostrate]]''. Without a beak.
''[[Essential organs]]''. Stamens and pistils.
''[[Essential organs]]''. [[Stamen]]s and [[pistil]]s.
''[[Evergreen]]''. Remaining green throughout the year.
''[[Evergreen]]''. Remaining green throughout the year.
''[[Exalbuminous]]''. Seeds without albumen or endosperm.
''[[Exalbuminous]]''. [[Seed]]s without [[albumen]] or [[endosperm]].
''[[Excentric]]''. Out of or away from the center.
''[[Excentric]]''. Out of or away from the center.
''[[Excurrent]]''. The trunk or leader continuing through the top.
''[[Excurrent]]''. The [[trunk]] or [[leader]] continuing through the top.
''[[Exfoliating]]''. Coming off in thin layers, as the bark of birch and other plants.
''[[Exfoliating]]''. Coming off in thin layers, as the [[bark]] of [[birch]] and other plants.
''[[Exocarp]]''. The outside part of a pericarp.
''[[Exocarp]]''. The outside part of a [[pericarp]].
''[[Exogen]], exogenous''. Growing and increasing in diameter by layers on the exterior of the woody cylinder, in distinction from endogens.
''[[Exogen]], exogenous''. Growing and increasing in diameter by layers on the exterior of the woody cylinder, in distinction from [[endogen]]s.
''[[Exserted]]''. Sticking out; projecting beyond, as stamens from a perianth.
''[[Exserted]]''. Sticking out; projecting beyond, as [[stamen]]s from a [[perianth]].
''[[Exsiccated]]''. Dry or dried.
''[[Exsiccated]]''. Dry or dried.
''[[Exstipulate]]''. Without stipules.
''[[Exstipulate]]''. Without [[stipule]]s.
''[[Extrorse]]''. Looking or facing outward.
''[[Extrorse]]''. Looking or facing outward.
''[[Eye]]''. The marked center of a flower; a bud on a tuber, as on a potato; a single-bud cutting.
''[[Eye]]''. The marked center of a [[flower]]; a [[bud]] on a [[tuber]], as on a [[potato]]; a single-bud [[cutting]].
==F==
==F==
''[[Fertile]]''. Said of pollen-bearing stamens and seed-bearing fruits.
''[[Fertile]]''. Said of pollen-bearing stamens and seed-bearing fruits.
''[[Fertilization]]''. Impregnation of the ovule; the act of union of sperm and egg cells, in the higher plants taking place within the ovule: fecundation.
''[[Fertilization]]''. Impregnation of the [[ovule]]; the act of union of sperm and egg cells, in the higher plants taking place within the ovule: [[fecundation]].
''[[Fetid]]''. Having a disagreeable odor.
''[[Fetid]]''. Having a disagreeable odor.
''[[Fibro-vascular]]''. Made up of both fibers and ducts; combination of fibrous and vascular structure.
''[[Fibro-vascular]]''. Made up of both fibers and ducts; combination of fibrous and vascular structure.
''[[Filament]]''. Stalk of the anther.
''[[Filament]]''. Stalk of the [[anther]].
''[[Filiform]]''., Thread-like; long and very slender.
''[[Filiform]]''., Thread-like; long and very slender.
''[[Floriferous]]''. Flower-bearing.
''[[Floriferous]]''. Flower-bearing.
''[[Foliaceous]]''. Leaf-like; said particularly of sepals and calyx- lobes and of bracts that in texture, size or color look like small or large leaves.
''[[Foliaceous]]''. [[Leaf]]-like; said particularly of [[sepal]]s and [[calyx]]-lobes and of [[bract]]s that in texture, size or color look like small or large leaves.
''[[-foliate]]''. In combinations, -leaved; having leaves; as trifoliate, three-leaved.
''[[-foliate]]''. In combinations, -leaved; having [[leaves]]; as trifoliate, three-leaved.
''[[-foliolate]]''. Having leaflets; as trifoliolate, of three leaflets.
''[[-foliolate]]''. Having [[leaflet]]s; as trifoliolate, of three leaflets.
''[[Follicle]]''. Dry, dehiscent pericarp opening only on the front suture.
''[[Follicle]]''. Dry, dehiscent [[pericarp]] opening only on the front suture.
''[[Follicular]]''. With follicles; follicle-like.
''[[Follicular]]''. With follicles; follicle-like.
''[[Foramen]]''. An aperture or opening.
''[[Foramen]]''. An aperture or opening.
''[[Forked]]''. Branching or divided into nearly equal parts or members.
''[[Forked]]''. [[Branch]]ing or divided into nearly equal parts or members.
''[[Fornicate]]''. Arched.
''[[Fornicate]]''. Arched.
''[[Free]]''. Not joined to other organs; as petals free from the stamens or calyx.
''[[Free]]''. Not joined to other organs; as [[petal]]s free from the [[stamen]]s or [[calyx]].
''[[Frond]]''. Leaf of fern; sometimes used in the sense of foliage.
''[[Frond]]''. [[Leaf]] of [[fern]]; sometimes used in the sense of [[foliage]].
''[[Frosted]]''. With a more or less shining or crystallized white covering.
''[[Frosted]]''. With a more or less shining or crystallized white covering.
''[[Fructification]]''. The act or process of fruiting; also the fruiting organ or organs.
''[[Fructification]]''. The act or process of [[fruit]]ing; also the fruiting organ or organs.
''[[Fruit]]''. The ripened pericarp or pericarps with the adnate parts; the seed-bearing organ.
''[[Fruit]]''. The ripened [[pericarp]] or pericarps with the [[adnate]] parts; the seed-bearing organ.
''[[Fruticose]]''. Shrubby or shrub-like in the sense of being woody.
''[[Fruticose]]''. [[Shrub]]by or shrub-like in the sense of being woody.
''[[Fugacious]]''. Falling or withering away very early.
''[[Fugacious]]''. Falling or withering away very early.
''[[Function]]''. What a plant or a part does; its vital activities.
''[[Function]]''. What a plant or a part does; its vital activities.
''[[Funicle]]''. The Btalk or stipe of an ovule or seed.
''[[Funicle]]''. The [[stalk]] or [[stipe]] of an [[ovule]] or [[seed]].
''[[Funnelform]]''. With tube gradually widening upward and passing insensibly into the limb, as in many flowers of Convolvulus; infundibuliform.
''[[Funnelform]]''. With tube gradually widening upward and passing insensibly into the limb, as in many flowers of [[Convolvulus]]; [[infundibuliform]].
''[[Furrowed]]''. With longitudinal channels or grooves.
''[[Furrowed]]''. With longitudinal channels or grooves.
==G==
==G==
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''[[Galea]]''. A hood or a helmet-shaped part or structure, as found in the upper lip of some corollas.
''[[Galea]]''. A [[hood]] or a helmet-shaped part or structure, as found in the upper [[lip]] of some [[corolla]]s.
''[[Gamete]]''. One of the sex-cells, either male or female.
''[[Gamete]]''. One of the sex-cells, either male or female.
''[[Gamopetalous]]''. Corolla of one piece; petals united.
''[[Gamopetalous]]''. [[Corolla]] of one piece; [[petal]]s united.
''[[Gamophyllous]]''. Leaves united.
''[[Gamophyllous]]''. [[Leaf|Leaves]] united.
''[[Gamosepalous]]''. Calyx of one piece; sepals united.
''[[Gamosepalous]]''. [[Calyx]] of one piece; [[sepal]]s united.
''[[Geminate]]''. In pairs; twin.
''[[Geminate]]''. In pairs; twin.
''[[Gemma]]''. A bud; particularly a bud or bud-like structure by which a plant propagates.
''[[Gemma]]''. A [[bud]]; particularly a bud or bud-like structure by which a plant [[propagate]]s.
''[[Gemmiparous]]''. Bud-bearing.
''[[Gemmiparous]]''. [[Bud]]-bearing.
''[[Gemmule]]''. A little bud or bud-like structure.
''[[Gemmule]]''. A little [[bud]] or bud-like structure.
''[[Generation]]''. Period from birth (impregnation) to death; the epoch from one 1-celled stage of a plant to the next 1-celled stage.
''[[Generation]]''. Period from birth (impregnation) to death; the epoch from one 1-celled stage of a plant to the next 1-celled stage.
''[[Germination]]''. The unfolding of the embryo and becoming self-established of the plantlet.
''[[Germination]]''. The unfolding of the embryo and becoming self-established of the [[plantlet]].
''[[Gibbosity]]''. A. swelling or bulging on one side or near the base.
''[[Gibbosity]]''. A swelling or bulging on one side or near the base.
''[[Glabrate]]''. Nearly glabrous, or becoming glabrous with maturity or age.
''[[Glabrate]]''. Nearly [[glabrous]], or becoming glabrous with maturity or age.
''[[Glabrous]]''. Not hairy.
''[[Glabrous]]''. Not hairy.
''[[Gland]]''. Properly a secreting part or prominence or appendage, but often used in the sense of gland-like.
''[[Gland]]''. Properly a secreting part or prominence or appendage, but often used in the sense of gland-like.
''[[Glandular]]''. Having or bearing secreting organs, or glands.
''[[Glandular]]''. Having or bearing secreting organs, or [[gland]]s.
''[[Glandulose]], glanduliferous''. Gland-bearing.
''[[Glandulose]], glanduliferous''. [[Gland]]-bearing.
''[[Glaucous]]''. Covered with a "bloom" or a whitish substance that rubs off.
''[[Glaucous]]''. Covered with a "bloom" or a whitish substance that rubs off.
''[[Glomerate]]''. In dense or compact cluster or clusters.
''[[Glomerate]]''. In dense or compact cluster or clusters.
''[[Glomerule]]''. Dense head-like clusters; properly a dense cyme.
''[[Glomerule]]''. Dense head-like [[cluster]]s; properly a dense [[cyme]].
''[[Glume]]''. A small chaff-like bract; in particular, one of the two empty bracts at the base of the grass spikelet.
''[[Glume]]''. A small [[chaff]]-like bract; in particular, one of the two empty [[bract]]s at the base of the [[grass]] [[spikelet]].
''[[Graft]]''. A branch or bud inserted on another plant with the intention that it shall grow there; cion.
''[[Graft]]''. A [[branch]] or [[bud]] inserted on another plant with the intention that it shall grow there; [[cion]].
''[[Grafting]]''. The process of inserting a cion in a plant with the intention that it shall grow there. See Budding.
''[[Grafting]]''. The process of inserting a [[cion]] [also spelled [scion]]in a plant with the intention that it shall grow there. See ''[[Budding]]''.
''[[Granular]], granulose''. Covered with very small grains; minutely or finely mealy.
''[[Granular]], granulose''. Covered with very small grains; minutely or finely mealy.
''[[Gymnos]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying naked or not covered: as gymnosperms, with naked seeds (not in a pericarp). See Angiosperm.
''[[Gymnos]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying naked or not covered: as [[gymnosperm]]s, with naked [[seed]]s (not in a [[pericarp]]). See ''[[Angiosperm]]''.
''[[Gynandrous]]''. With the stamens grown on the pistil, forming one organ,-as in the orchids.
''[[Gynandrous]]''. With the [[stamen]]s grown on the [[pistil]], forming one organ, as in the [[orchid]]s.
''[[Gynobase]]''. Stipe or stalk of an ovary, being an extension or prolongation of the receptacle; short gynophore.
''[[Gynobase]]''. [[Stipe]] or [[stalk]] of an [[ovary]], being an extension or prolongation of the receptacle; short [[gynophore]].
''[[Gynaecium]]''. The female or pistil - bearing part of the flower. See Andraecium.
''[[Gynaecium]]''. The female or [[pistil]]-bearing part of the [[flower]]. See ''[[Andraecium]]''.
''[[Gynophore]]''. Stipe of an ovary prolonged within the calyx.
''[[Gynophore]]''. [[Stipe]] of an [[ovary]] prolonged within the [[calyx]].
==H==
==H==
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''[[Habit]]''. The looks, appearance, general style or mode of growth; as an upright, open, decumbent or strict habit.
''[[Habit]]''. The looks, appearance, general style or mode of growth; as an upright, open, [[decumbent]] or strict habit.
''[[Habitat]]''. Particular place in which a plant grows; as a swamp, roadside, lawn, woods, ballast-heap, hillside.
''[[Habitat]]''. Particular place in which a plant grows; as a swamp, roadside, lawn, woods, ballast-heap, hillside.
''[[Hairs]]''. A general name for many kinds of small and slender outgrowths on the parts of plants; special kinds of hairiness are designated as setose, villous, comose, pubescent, hirsute, and others.
''[[Hairs]]''. A general name for many kinds of small and slender outgrowths on the parts of plants; special kinds of hairiness are designated as [[setose]], [[villous]], [[comose]], [[pubescent]], [[hirsute]], and others.
''[[Halberd-shaped]]''. Hastate.
''[[Halberd-shaped]]''. [[Hastate]].
''[[Hamate]]''. Hooked.
''[[Hamate]]''. Hooked.
''[[Hastate]]''. Of the shape of an arrow-head but the basal lobes pointed or narrow and standing nearly or quite at right angles; halberd-shaped.
''[[Hastate]]''. Of the shape of an arrow-head but the [[basal]] [[lobe]]s pointed or narrow and standing nearly or quite at right angles; halberd-shaped.
''[[Haulm]]''. Straw-like stems, as of the cereal grains; sometimes also applied to the stems of palms; usually a collective noun.
''[[Haulm]]''. Straw-like stems, as of the cereal grains; sometimes also applied to the stems of palms; usually a collective noun.
''[[Head]]''. A short dense spike; capitulum.
''[[Head]]''. A short dense spike; [[capitulum]].
''[[Heart-shaped]]''. Cordate; ovate in general outline but with two rounded basal lobes; has reference particularly to the shape of the base of a leaf or other expanded part.
''[[Heart-shaped]]''. [[Cordate]]; [[ovate]] in general outline but with two rounded basal lobes; has reference particularly to the shape of the base of a [[leaf]] or other expanded part.
''[[Heel]]''. An enlarged or more or less transverse part on the lower end of a cutting secured from the older or larger branch from which the cutting is taken.
''[[Heel]]''. An enlarged or more or less transverse part on the lower end of a [[cutting]] secured from the older or larger [[branch]] from which the cutting is taken.
''[[Helicoid]]''. Twisted or coiled in snail-shell form.
''[[Helicoid]]''. Twisted or coiled in [[snail]]-shell form.
''[[Heliotropism]]''. The characteristic of turning toward the light.
''[[Heliotropism]]''. The characteristic of turning toward the light.
''[[Hepta-]]'' In Greek compounds, signifying seven.
''[[Hepta-]]'' In Greek compounds, signifying seven.
''[[Herb]]''. Naturally dying to the ground; without persistent stem above ground; lacking definite woody firm structure.
''[[Herb]]''. Naturally dying to the ground; without persistent [[stem]] above ground; lacking definite [[woody]] firm structure.
''[[Herbaceous]]''. Not woody; dying down each year; said also of soft branches before they become woody.
''[[Herbaceous]]''. Not [[woody]]; dying down each year; said also of soft branches before they become woody.
''[[Hermaphrodite]]''. Bearing both stamens and pistil in the same flower; two-sexed; bisexual.
''[[Hermaphrodite]]''. Bearing both [[stamen]]s and [[pistil]] in the same [[flower]]; two-sexed; [[bisexual]].
''[[Hesperidium]]''. The fruit of the orange-kind.
''[[Hesperidium]]''. The [[fruit]] of the orange-kind.
''[[Hetcrocarpous]]''. Various-fruited; with more than one kind or form of fruit.
''[[Hetcrocarpous]]''. Various-[[fruit]]ed; with more than one kind or form of fruit.
''[[Heterogamous]]''. With two or more kinds or forms of flowers.
''[[Heterogamous]]''. With two or more kinds or [[form]]s of [[flower]]s.
''[[Heteros]]''. In Greek composition, signifying various, or of more than one kind or form; as heterophyllous, with more than one kind or form of leaf.
''[[Heteros]]''. In Greek composition, signifying various, or of more than one kind or form; as [[heterophyllous]], with more than one kind or form of [[leaf]].
''[[Hilum]]''. In the seed, the scar or mark indicating the point of attachment.
''[[Hilum]]''. In the [[seed]], the scar or mark indicating the point of attachment.
''[[Hip]]''. Fruit of the rose, being an urn-like or closed receptacle bearing the achenes inside. See Hypanthium.
''[[Hip]]''. Fruit of the [[rose]], being an urn-like or closed receptacle bearing the [[achenes]] inside. See ''[[Hypanthium]]''.
''[[Hirsute]]''. With rather rough or coarse hairs.
''[[Hirsute]]''. With rather rough or coarse hairs.
''[[Homogamous]]''. Presenting only one kind of flowers.
''[[Homogamous]]''. Presenting only one kind of flowers.
''[[Homologous]]''. Related in origin or morphology. See .', nalogoui.
''[[Homologous]]''. Related in origin or morphology. See ''[[Analogous]]''.
''[[Homomorphous]]''. Uniform; all the given parts alike.
''[[Homomorphous]]''. Uniform; all the given parts alike.
''[[Horny]]''. Hard and dense in texture; corneous.
''[[Horny]]''. Hard and dense in texture; [[corneous]].
''[[Hybrid]]''. A plant resulting from a cross between two or more parents that are more or less unlike.
''[[Hybrid]]''. A plant resulting from a [[cross]] between two or more parents that are more or less unlike.
''[[Hygroscopic]]''. Capable of absorbing moisture from atmosphere.
''[[Hygroscopic]]''. Capable of absorbing moisture from atmosphere.
''[[Hypanthium]]''. A fruit-like body (as the rose-hip) formed by the enlargement of the torus and bearing the proper fruits on its upper or inner surface; literally "beneath the flower." Now commonly used to denote the cup- shaped receptacle on which calyx, petals and stamens are inserted in cases of pcrigyny, as in plum, fuchsia.
''[[Hypanthium]]''. A [[fruit]]-like body (as the rose-hip) formed by the enlargement of the [[torus]] and bearing the proper fruits on its upper or inner surface; literally "beneath the [[flower]]." Now commonly used to denote the cup-shaped receptacle on which [[calyx]], [[petal]]s and [[stamen]]s are inserted in cases of [[perigyny]], as in [[plum]], [[fuchsia]].
''[[Hypochil]]''. The lower or basal part of the lip in orchids.
''[[Hypochil]]''. The lower or [[basal]] part of the [[lip]] in [[orchid]]s.
''[[Hypocotyl]]''. That part of the caulicle lying below the cotyledons.
''[[Hypocotyl]]''. That part of the [[caulicle]] lying below the [[cotyledon]]s.
''[[Hypocrateriform]]''. Salver-form; that shape of the flower characterized by a cylindrical tube and a flat-spreading limb, as in phlox.
''[[Hypocrateriform]]''. Salver-form; that shape of the [[flower]] characterized by a cylindrical tube and a flat-spreading limb, as in [[phlox]].
''[[Hypogeal]]''. Cotyledons remaining beneath the ground in germination.
''[[Hypogeal]]''. [[Cotyledon]]s remaining beneath the ground in [[germination]].
''[[Hypogynous]]''. Borne on the torus, or under the ovary; said of the stamens or petals.
''[[Hypogynous]]''. Borne on the [[torus]], or under the [[ovary]]; said of the [[stamen]]s or [[petal]]s.
==I==
==I==
''[[Immersed]]''. Entirely under water.
''[[Immersed]]''. Entirely under water.
''[[Imparipinnate]]''. Unequally pinnate; odd-pinnate; with a single terminal leaflet.
''[[Imparipinnate]]''. Unequally [[pinnate]]; odd-pinnate; with a single terminal [[leaflet]].
''[[Imperfect flower]]''. Having either stamens or pistils, but not both.
''[[Imperfect flower]]''. Having either [[stamen]]s or [[pistil]]s, but not both.
''[[Implexed]], implexuous''. Entangled, interlaced.
''[[Implexed]], implexuous''. Entangled, interlaced.
''[[Impregnation]]''. Fecundation or fertilization of the ovule by the pollen; also, the infiltration of substances.
''[[Impregnation]]''. [[Fecundation]] or [[fertilization]] of the [[ovule]] by the [[pollen]]; also, the infiltration of substances.
''[[Impressed]]''. Deeply nerved; furrowed or grooved as if by pressure.
''[[Impressed]]''. Deeply nerved; furrowed or grooved as if by pressure.
''[[Inarching]]''. The grafting together of two plants with the intention that, when they are severed, part of one plant will be growing on the other.
''[[Inarching]]''. The [[grafting]] together of two plants with the intention that, when they are severed, part of one plant will be growing on the other.
''[[Incanescent]]''. Hoary- or gray-pubescent; canescent.
''[[Incanescent]]''. [[Hoary]]- or gray-[[pubescent]]; [[canescent]].
''[[Incised]]''. Cut; slashed irregularly, more or less deeply and sharply.
''[[Incised]]''. Cut; slashed irregularly, more or less deeply and sharply.
''[[Inclining]]''. Looking or falling down from the horizontal.
''[[Inclining]]''. Looking or falling down from the horizontal.
''[[Included]]''. Not protruded, as stamens not projecting from the corolla.
''[[Included]]''. Not protruded, as [[stamen]]s not projecting from the [[corolla]].
''[[Incomplete]]''. Lacking some of its parts, as a flower deficient in stamens or calyx.
''[[Incomplete]]''. Lacking some of its parts, as a [[flower]] deficient in [[stamen]]s or [[calyx]].
''[[Incrustate]]''. Crusted; with a hard or firm covering.
''[[Incrustate]]''. Crusted; with a hard or firm covering.
''[[Incumbent]] (cotyledons)''. Of a seed so bent over that the back of one cotyledon lies against the radicle.
''[[Incumbent]] ([[cotyledon]]s)''. Of a [[seed]] so bent over that the back of one cotyledon lies against the [[radicle]].
''[[Indefinite]]''. Very numerous, as above twenty; see Definite.
''[[Indefinite]]''. Very numerous, as above twenty; see ''[[Definite]]''.
''[[Indehiscent]]''. Not regularly opening, as a seed-pod or anther.
''[[Indehiscent]]''. Not regularly opening, as a [[seed]]-[[pod]] or [[anther]].
''[[Indeterminate]]''. Growing on from the apex, particularly of the main axis.
''[[Indeterminate]]''. Growing on from the apex, particularly of the main axis.
''[[Indigenous]]''. Native to the region; not introduced from some other country.
''[[Indigenous]]''. [[Native]] to the region; not [[introduced]] from some other country.
''[[Indumentum]]''. A covering of hair.
''[[Indumentum]]''. A covering of [[hair]].
''[[Induplicate]]''. With margins folded inward.
''[[Induplicate]]''. With margins folded inward.
''[[Indurated]]''. Hard, hardened.
''[[Indurated]]''. Hard, hardened.
''[[Indusium]]''. The little growth covering or surrounding the sorus or fruit-dot in ferns.
''[[Indusium]]''. The little growth covering or surrounding the [[sorus]] or fruit-dot in [[fern]]s.
''[[Inferior]]''. Beneath, lower, below; as an inferior ovary, one that is below the calyx-leaves.
''[[Inferior]]''. Beneath, lower, below; as an inferior ovary, one that is below the [[calyx]]-leaves.
''[[Inflated]]''. Blown up; bladdery-
''[[Inflated]]''. Blown up; bladdery.
''[[Inflorescence]]''. Mode of flower-bearing; technically less correct but much more common in the sense of a flower- cluster.
''[[Inflorescence]]''. Mode of [[flower]]-bearing; technically less correct but much more common in the sense of a flower-cluster.
''[[Infra-]]'' In combinations, signifying below.
''[[Infra-]]'' In combinations, signifying below.
''[[Infundibuliform]]''. Funnelfonn.
''[[Infundibuliform]]''. [[Funnelform]].
''[[Innate]]''. Said of an anther when attached by its base to the filament.
''[[Innate]]''. Said of an [[anther]] when attached by its base to the [[filament]].
''[[Innovation]]''. An offshoot or departure from the axis.
''[[Innovation]]''. An [[offshoot]] or departure from the [[axis]].
''[[Inserted]]''. Attached; as a stamen growing on the corolla.
''[[Inserted]]''. Attached; as a [[stamen]] growing on the [[corolla]].
''[[Inter-]]''. In composition, signifying between, particularly between closely related parts or organs.
''[[Inter-]]''. In composition, signifying between, particularly between closely related parts or organs.
''[[Interfoliaceous]]''. Between the leaves, particularly between two leaves of a pair.
''[[Interfoliaceous]]''. Between the [[leaves]], particularly between two leaves of a pair.
''[[Internode]]''. The part or space of stem between two nodes or joints.
''[[Internode]]''. The part or space of [[stem]] between two [[node]]s or joints.
''[[Interrupted]]''. Not continuous; in particular, the interposition of small leaflets or segments between others.
''[[Interrupted]]''. Not continuous; in particular, the interposition of small [[leaflet]]s or [[segment]]s between others.
''[[Intorted]]''. Twisted upon or around itself.
''[[Intorted]]''. Twisted upon or around itself.
''[[Intramarginal]]''. Just within the margin or edge; between the margins.
''[[Intramarginal]]''. Just within the margin or edge; between the margins.
''[[Introduced]]''. Brought from another region, either intentionally or otherwise; in horticulture, used to designate the intentional bringing of plants into cultivation either from another country or from the wild.
''[[Introduced]]''. Brought from another region, either intentionally or otherwise; in [[horticulture]], used to designate the intentional bringing of plants into [[cultivation]] either from another country or from the wild.
''[[Introrse]]''. Turned or faced inward or toward the axis, as an anther looking toward the center of the flower.
''[[Introrse]]''. Turned or faced inward or toward the [[axis]], as an anther looking toward the center of the flower.
''[[Inverted]]''. Turned over; end-for-end; top-side down.
''[[Inverted]]''. Turned over; end-for-end; top-side down.
''[[Involucel]]''. A secondary involucre; small involucre about the parts of a cluster.
''[[Involucel]]''. A secondary [[involucre]]; small involucre about the parts of a [[cluster]].
''[[Involucre]]''. A whorl of small leaves or bracts standing close underneath a flower or flower-cluster.
''[[Involucre]]''. A whorl of small [[leaves]] or [[bract]]s standing close underneath a [[flower]] or flower-[[cluster]].
''[[Involute]]''. Said of a flat body (as a leaf) rolled inward or toward the upper side. See Revolute.
''[[Involute]]''. Said of a flat body (as a [[leaf]]) rolled inward or toward the upper side. See ''[[Revolute]]''.
''[[Irregular flower]]''. Some parts different from other parts in same series.
''[[Irregular flower]]''. Some parts different from other parts in same series.
==J==
==J==
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''[[Jointed]]''. With nodes, or points of real or apparent articulation.
''[[Jointed]]''. With [[node]]s, or points of real or apparent articulation.
==K==
==K==
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''[[Keeled]]''. Ridged like the bottom of a boat; also the two front united petals of a papilionaceous flower.
''[[Keeled]]''. Ridged like the bottom of a boat; also the two front united [[petal]]s of a papilionaceous [[flower]].
''[[Knaur]]''. An excrescence, bur or knot of woody tissue that will grow when removed and used as a cutting.
''[[Knaur]]''. An excrescence, bur or knot of woody tissue that will grow when removed and used as a [[cutting]].
==L==
==L==
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''[[Labellum]]''. Lip, particularly the lip of orchids.
''[[Labellum]]''. [[Lip]], particularly the lip of [[orchid]]s.
''[[Labiate]]''. Lipped; a member of the Labiatee.
''[[Labiate]]''. [[Lip]]ped; a member of the [[Labiatae]].
''[[Labyrinthiform]]''. With intricate winding lines or passages.
''[[Labyrinthiform]]''. With intricate winding lines or passages.
''[[Lacerate]]''. Torn; irreguarly cleft or cut.
''[[Lacerate]]''. Torn; irregularly cleft or cut.
''[[Laciniate]]''. Slashed into narrow pointed lobes.
''[[Laciniate]]''. Slashed into narrow pointed lobes.
''[[Lactescent]]''. Containing milk or a milk-like substance.
''[[Lactescent]]''. Containing [[milk]] or a milk-like substance.
''[[Lacunose]]''. Having holes or empty places, particularly in the anatomical structure.
''[[Lacunose]]''. Having holes or empty places, particularly in the anatomical structure.
''[[Lamella]]''. A thin flat plate or part.
''[[Lamella]]''. A thin flat plate or part.
''[[Lamina]]''. The blade of a leaf or petal or other expanded part or body.
''[[Lamina]]''. The [[blade]] of a [[leaf]] or [[petal]] or other expanded part or body.
''[[Lanceolate]]''. Lance-shaped; much longer than broad; widening above the. base and tapering to the apex.
''[[Lanceolate]]''. Lance-shaped; much longer than broad; widening above the base and tapering to the apex.
''[[Lapidose]]''. Found in stony places.
''[[Lapidose]]''. Found in stony places.
''[[Lateral]]''. On or at the side.
''[[Lateral]]''. On or at the side.
''[[Layer]]'', A branch that takes root and gives rise to an independent plant.
''[[Layer]]''. A [[branch]] that takes [[root]] and gives rise to an independent plant.
''[[Leaflet]]''. One part of a compound leaf; secondary leaf.
''[[Leaflet]]''. One part of a compound [[leaf]]; secondary leaf.
''[[Leaf-stalk]]''. The stem of a leaf; petiole; foot-stalk.
''[[Leaf-stalk]]''. The [[stem]] of a [[leaf]]; [[petiole]]; foot-[[stalk]].
''[[Legume]]''. Simple pericarp dehiscing on both sutures; pod.
''[[Legume]]''. Simple [[pericarp]] [[dehiscing]] on both sutures; [[pod]].
''[[Lemma]]''. In grasses, the flowering glume,—the lower of the two bracts immediately inclosing the flower.
''[[Lemma]]''. In [[grass]]es, the [[flower]]ing [[glume]],—the lower of the two bracts immediately inclosing the flower.
''[[Lenticular]]''. Lentil-shaped; lens-shaped.
''[[Lenticular]]''. [[Lentil]]-shaped; lens-shaped.
''[[Lepals]]''. Sterile stamens, particularly those nectaries or scales representing stamens; term little used.
''[[Lepals]]''. Sterile [[stamen]]s, particularly those [[nectaries]] or scales representing [[stamen]]s; term little used.
''[[Lepidote]]''. Surfaced with small scurfy scales.
''[[Lepidote]]''. Surfaced with small scurfy scales.
''[[Liana]], liane''. A woody twining or climbing plant entangling a tropical forest.
''[[Liana]], liane''. A [[woody]] [[twining]] or [[climbing]] plant entangling a [[tropical]] [[forest]].
''[[Life-history]]''. The sum of the events in the life of a plant.
''[[Life-history]]''. The sum of the events in the life of a plant.
''[[Ligneous]]''. Woody.
''[[Ligneous]]''. [[Woody]].
''[[Ligule]]''. A strap-shaped organ or body; particularly, a strap-shaped corolla, as in the ray-flowers of composites; also a projection from the top of the sheath in grasses and similar plants.
''[[Ligule]]''. A strap-shaped organ or body; particularly, a strap-shaped [[corolla]], as in the ray-[[flower]]s of composites; also a projection from the top of the [[sheath]] in [[grass]]es and similar plants.
''[[Limb]]''. The expanded flat part of an organ; in particular, the expanding part of a gamopetalous corolla.
''[[Limb]]''. The expanded flat part of an organ; in particular, the expanding part of a gamopetalous [[corolla]].
''[[Limbate]]''. Surrounded by an edging of another color; margined with color; also, provided with a limb.
''[[Limbate]]''. Surrounded by an edging of another color; margined with color; also, provided with a [[limb]].
''[[Line]]''. One-twelfth of an inch.
''[[Line]]''. One-twelfth of an inch.
''[[Linguiform]]''. Shaped like a lingula, or with a projecting tongue-like part or process.
''[[Linguiform]]''. Shaped like a lingula, or with a projecting tongue-like part or process.
''[[Lip]]''. One of the parts in an unequally divided corolla or calyx; these parts are usually two, the upper lip and the lower lip, although one lip is sometimes wanting; the upper lip of orchids is by a twist of the stipe made to appear as the lower; a labium.
''[[Lip]]''. One of the parts in an unequally divided [[corolla]] or [[calyx]]; these parts are usually two, the upper [[lip]] and the lower lip, although one lip is sometimes wanting; the upper lip of [[orchid]]s is by a twist of the stipe made to appear as the lower; a labium.
''[[Lobe]]''. Any part or segment of an organ; specifically a part of petal or calyx or leaf that represents a division to about the middle.
''[[Lobe]]''. Any part or segment of an organ; specifically a part of [[petal]] or [[calyx]] or [[leaf]] that represents a division to about the middle.
''[[Lobule]]''. A small lobe.
''[[Lobule]]''. A small [[lobe]].
''[[Locule]]''. Compartment or cell of a pistil or anther.
''[[Locule]]''. Compartment or cell of a [[pistil]] or [[anther]].
''[[Loculicidal]]''. Dehiscence between the partitions into the cavity.
''[[Loculicidal]]''. [[Dehiscence]] between the partitions into the cavity.
''[[Lodicule]]''. A small scale in a grass flower, between the lemma and stamens.
''[[Lodicule]]''. A small scale in a [[grass]] [[flower]], between the [[lemma]] and [[stamen]]s.
''[[Loment]]''. A legume wilh constrictions or articulations.
''[[Loment]]''. A [[legume]] with constrictions or articulations.
''[[Lorate]]''. Strap-shaped.
''[[Lorate]]''. Strap-shaped.
==M==
==M==
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''[[Medullary]]''. Relating to the pith; the medullary rays seen in cross-sections of woody trunks radiate from the medulla or pith.
''[[Medullary]]''. Relating to the [[pith]]; the medullary rays seen in cross-sections of [[wood]]y [[trunk]]s radiate from the medulla or pith.
''[[Meniscoidal]]''. Like a meniscus or disk; with the form of a watch-crystal.
''[[Meniscoidal]]''. Like a [[meniscus]] or [[disk]]; with the [[form]] of a watch-crystal.
''[[Mericarp]]''. The peculiar seed-like fruit of the Umbelliferae.
''[[Mericarp]]''. The peculiar [[seed]]-like [[fruit]] of the [[Umbelliferae]].
''[[-merous]]''. In composition, referring to the numbers of parts; as flowers 5-merous, in which the parts of each kind or series are five or in fives.
''[[-merous]]''. In composition, referring to the numbers of parts; as [[flower]]s 5-merous, in which the parts of each kind or series are five or in fives.
''[[Mesocarp]]''. Middle layer or part of a pericarp; the part between the endocarp and exocarp.
''[[Mesocarp]]''. Middle layer or part of a [[pericarp]]; the part between the [[endocarp]] and [[exocarp]].
''[[Mesochil]]''. The intermediate or middle part of the lip of orchids when the lip is separated into three parts.
''[[Mesochil]]''. The intermediate or middle part of the [[lip]] of [[orchid]]s when the lip is separated into three parts.
''[[Micropyle]]''. The opening through which impregnation takes place; the point on the seed marking the orifice of the ovule.
''[[Micropyle]]''. The opening through which impregnation takes place; the point on the [[seed]] marking the [[orifice]] of the [[ovule]].
''[[Midrib]]''. The main rib of a leaf or leaf-like part.
''[[Midrib]]''. The main rib of a [[leaf]] or leaf-like part.
''[[Mitriform]]''. Mitre-shaped, or like a cap.
''[[Mitriform]]''. Mitre-shaped, or like a [[cap]].
''[[Monadelphous]]''. Stamens united in one group by their filaments as in many Leguminosse.
''[[Monadelphous]]''. [[Stamen]]s united in one group by their [[filament]]s as in many [[Leguminosae]].
''[[Moniliform]]''. Suggesting a string of beads.
''[[Moniliform]]''. Suggesting a string of beads.
''[[Mono-]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying one.
''[[Mono-]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying ''one''.
''[[Monoclinous]]''. Hermaphrodite; perfect; the two sexes in the same flower. See Diclinous.
''[[Monoclinous]]''. [[Hermaphrodite]]; perfect; the two sexes in the same [[flower]]. See ''[[Diclinous]]''.
''[[Monocotyledonous]]''. With a single cotyledon.
''[[Monocotyledonous]]''. With a single [[cotyledon]].
''[[Monoecious]]''. Staminate and pistillate flowers on same plant.
''[[Monoecious]]''. [[Staminate]] and [[pistillate]] [[flower]]s on same plant.
''[[Monogynous]]''. With only one style.
''[[Monogynous]]''. With only one style.
''[[Monopetalous]]''. One-petaled; all the petals united to form one body or organ, as a gamopetalous corolla.
''[[Monopetalous]]''. One-[[petal]]ed; all the petals united to form one body or organ, as a [[gamopetalous]] [[corolla]].
''[[Monopodiol]]''. Axial direction continued by growth from terminal bud or persistence of the leader.
''[[Monopodiol]]''. [[Axial]] direction continued by growth from [[terminal]] [[bud]] or [[persistence]] of the [[leader]].
''[[Monostichous]]''. In one row.
''[[Monostichous]]''. In one row.
''[[Mucro]]''. A short and sharp abrupt tip.
''[[Mucro]]''. A short and sharp abrupt tip.
''[[Mule]]''. An old word for a cross, particularly between different species; hybrid; cross-breed.
''[[Mule]]''. An old word for a [[cross]], particularly between different [[species]]; [[hybrid]]; [[cross-breed]].
''[[Multifid]]''. Cut or cleft into many narrow lobes or parts.
''[[Multifid]]''. Cut or cleft into many narrow [[lobe]]s or parts.
''[[Multiple]]''. Of several or many distinct parts.
''[[Multiple]]''. Of several or many distinct parts.
''[[Multiple fruit]]''. The united product (in one body) of several or many flowers.
''[[Multiple fruit]]''. The united product (in one body) of several or many [[flower]]s.
''[[Multiseptate]]''. With many divisions or chambers, as some nuts.
''[[Multiseptate]]''. With many divisions or chambers, as some [[nut]]s.
''[[Muscariform]]''. In form of a brush or fly-brush.
''[[Muscariform]]''. In form of a brush or fly-brush.
''[[Mycelium]]''. Vegetative part of a fungus, composed of threads or thready tissue.
''[[Mycelium]]''. Vegetative part of a [[fungus]], composed of threads or thready tissue.
==N==
==N==
{{compactTOC2}}
{{compactTOC2}}
''[[Naked flower]]''. With no floral envelopes; without calyx and corolla.
''[[Naked flower]]''. With no [[floral]] envelopes; without [[calyx]] and [[corolla]].
''[[Napiform]]''. Turnip-shaped; more or less short-fusiform; broader than high and abruptly tapering both ways.
''[[Napiform]]''. Turnip-shaped; more or less short-[[fusiform]]; broader than high and abruptly tapering both ways.
''[[Navicular]]''. Boat-shaped; cymbiform.
''[[Navicular]]''. Boat-shaped; [[cymbiform]].
''[[Nectariferous]]''. Nectar-bearing.
''[[Nectariferous]]''. [[Nectar]]-bearing.
''[[Nectary]]''. A structure or organ that secretes nectar.
''[[Nectary]]''. A structure or [[organ]] that [[secrete]]s [[nectar]].
''[[Nephroid]]''. Kidney-shaped; reniform.
''[[Nephroid]]''. Kidney-shaped; [[reniform]].
''[[Nerve]]''. A vein or slender rib, particularly if not branched.
''[[Nerve]]''. A vein or slender rib, particularly if not [[branch]]ed.
''[[Netted]]''. Marked with reticulated lines or nerves that project somewhat above the surface.
''[[Netted]]''. Marked with [[reticulated]] lines or nerves that project somewhat above the surface.
''[[Neuter]], neutral''. Neither stamens nor pistils; sexless.
''[[Neuter]], neutral''. Neither [[stamen]]s nor [[pistil]]s; sexless.
''[[Nidulate]]''. Nested; as if like or borne in a nidus or nest.
''[[Nidulate]]''. Nested; as if like or borne in a nidus or nest.
''[[Node]]''. A joint where a leaf is borne or may be borne; also incorrectly the space between two joints, which is properly an internode.
''[[Node]]''. A joint where a [[leaf]] is borne or may be borne; also incorrectly the space between two [[joint]]s, which is properly an [[internode]].
''[[Nucleus]]''. The kernel of a seed; the central denser structure of a cell.
''[[Nucleus]]''. The [[kernel]] of a [[seed]]; the central denser structure of a cell.
''[[Nucule]]''. A small nutlet; any hard seed-like fruit or part.
''[[Nucule]]''. A small [[nutlet]]; any hard [[seed]]-like [[fruit]] or part.
''[[Nut]]''. An indehiscent 1-celled and 1-seeded hard and bony fruit, even if resulting from a compound ovary.
''[[Nut]]''. An [[indehiscent]] 1-celled and 1-[[seed]]ed hard and bony [[fruit]], even if resulting from a compound ovary.
''[[Nutlet]]''. A small or diminutive nut; nucule.
''[[Nutlet]]''. A small or diminutive [[nut]]; [[nucule]].
==O==
==O==
''[[Obconical]]''. Inversely conical; cone attached at the small point.
''[[Obconical]]''. Inversely conical; cone attached at the small point.
''[[Oblanceolate]]''. Inversely lanceolate; with the broadest part of a lanceolate body away from the point of attachment.
''[[Oblanceolate]]''. Inversely [[lanceolate]]; with the broadest part of a lanceolate body away from the point of attachment.
''[[Oblique]]''. Slanting; unequal-sided.
''[[Oblique]]''. Slanting; unequal-sided.
''[[Oblong]]''. Longer than broad, and with the sides nearly or quite parallel most of their length.
''[[Oblong]]''. Longer than broad, and with the sides nearly or quite parallel most of their length.
''[[Obovate]]''. Inverted ovate.
''[[Obovate]]''. Inverted [[ovate]].
''[[Obovoid]]''. An ovoid body attached at the smaller end.
''[[Obovoid]]''. An ovoid body attached at the smaller end.
''[[Ochraceous]]''. Ochre-yellow, gradually changing to brown.
''[[Ochraceous]]''. Ochre-yellow, gradually changing to brown.
''[[Ocrea]]''. A boot-shaped or tubular stipule, as in Polygonum.
''[[Ocrea]]''. A boot-shaped or tubular stipule, as in [[Polygonum]].
''[[Oculus]]''. An eye; a leaf-bud when used as a cutting.
''[[Oculus]]''. An [[eye]]; a [[leaf]]-[[bud]] when used as a [[cutting]].
''[[Offset]]''. A plant arising close to the base of mother plant.
''[[Offset]]''. A plant arising close to the base of mother plant.
''[[Operculum]]''. A lid, as of a circumscissile capsule.
''[[Operculum]]''. A lid, as of a circumscissile capsule.
''[[Orthos]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying straight.
''[[Orthos]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying ''straight''.
''[[Orthotropous]]'' (ovule or seed). An erect straight seed, with the micropyle at the apex and hilum at the base.
''[[Orthotropous]]'' ([[ovule]] or seed). An erect straight [[seed]], with the [[micropyle]] at the apex and [[hilum]] at the base.
''[[Osseous]]''. Bony, hard, brittle; of very close texture.
''[[Osseous]]''. Bony, hard, brittle; of very close texture.
''[[Ovary]]''. Ovule-bearing part of a pistil.
''[[Ovary]]''. [[Ovule]]-bearing part of a [[pistil]].
''[[Ovate]]''. With an outline like that of hen's egg cut in two lengthwise, the broader end downward.
''[[Ovate]]''. With an outline like that of hen's egg cut in two lengthwise, the broader end downward.
''[[Ovoid]]''. A solid that is oval in outline.
''[[Ovoid]]''. A solid that is oval in outline.
''[[Ovule]]''. The body which, after fertilization, becomes the seed.
''[[Ovule]]''. The body which, after [[fertilization]], becomes the [[seed]].
''[[Ovuliferous]]''. Ovule-bearing.
''[[Ovuliferous]]''. [[Ovule]]-bearing.
==P==
==P==
''[[Painted]]''. Said of colors that are in streaks of unequal brilliancy.
''[[Painted]]''. Said of colors that are in streaks of unequal brilliancy.
''[[Palate]]''. In personate corollas, a rounded projection or prominence of the lower lip, closing the throat or very nearly so.
''[[Palate]]''. In personate corollas, a rounded projection or prominence of the lower [[lip]], closing the throat or very nearly so.
''[[Palea]], palet''. In the grass flower, the upper of the two inclosing bracts, -the lower one being the lemma.
''[[Palea]], palet''. In the [[grass]] [[flower]], the upper of the two inclosing bracts, the lower one being the [[lemma]].
''[[Palmate]]''. Lobed or divided in a palm-like or hand-like fashion.
''[[Palmate]]''. Lobed or divided in a [[palm]]-like or hand-like fashion.
''[[Palmatifid]]''. Cut about half way down in a palmate form.
''[[Palmatifid]]''. Cut about half way down in a [[palmate]] form.
''[[Panicle]]''. A branching raceme; flower-cluster in which the branches are racemose, the flowers being pedicellate.
''[[Panicle]]''. A branching [[raceme]]; [[flower]]-[[cluster]] in which the [[branch]]es are [[racemose]], the flowers being [[pedicellate]].
''[[Papilionaceous corolla]]''. Butterfly-like; pea-like flower, with a standard, wings, and keel.
''[[Papilionaceous corolla]]''. Butterfly-like; pea-like [[flower]], with a standard, wings, and keel.
''[[Pappiform]]''. Pappus-like.
''[[Pappiform]]''. [[Pappus]]-like.
''[[Pappus]]''. Peculiar calyx-limb of composites, being plumose, bristle-like, scales, or otherwise.
''[[Pappus]]''. Peculiar [[calyx]]-limb of composites, being [[plumose]], bristle-like, scales, or otherwise.
''[[Parasitic]]''. Growing and living on or in another organism.
''[[Parasitic]]''. Growing and living on or in another organism.
''[[Parted]]''. Cleft or cut not quite to the base.
''[[Parted]]''. Cleft or cut not quite to the base.
''[[Parthenogenetic]]''. Seed developing without fertilization or fecundation.
''[[Parthenogenetic]]''. [[Seed]] developing without [[fertilization]] or [[fecundation]].
''[[Partial]]''. Of secondary importance or rank.
''[[Partial]]''. Of secondary importance or rank.
''[[Partitioned]]''. Divided in compartments or chambers by internal horizontal partitions.
''[[Partitioned]]''. Divided in compartments or chambers by internal horizontal partitions.
''[[Pathological]]''. Diseased.
''[[Pathological]]''. [[Disease]]d.
''[[Pedicel]]''. Stem of one flower in a cluster.
''[[Pedicel]]''. [[Stem]] of one [[flower]] in a [[cluster]].
''[[Peduncle]]''. Stem of a flower-cluster or of a solitary flower.
''[[Peduncle]]''. [[Stem]] of a flower-cluster or of a solitary flower.
''[[Pellucid]]''. Clear, transparent; that can nearly be seen through.
''[[Pellucid]]''. Clear, transparent; that can nearly be seen through.
''[[Peltate]]''. Attached to its stalk inside the margin; peltate leaves are usually shield-shaped.
''[[Peltate]]''. Attached to its [[stalk]] inside the margin; peltate [[leaves]] are usually shield-shaped.
''[[Penninerved]]''. Nerves arising along the length of a central midrib.
''[[Penninerved]]''. Nerves arising along the length of a central midrib.
''[[Pentamerous]]''. In fives.
''[[Pentamerous]]''. In fives.
''[[Pepo]]''. Fruit of pumpkin, squash, and the like.
''[[Pepo]]''. Fruit of [[pumpkin]], [[squash]], and the like.
''[[Perennial]]''. Of three or more seasons' duration.
''[[Perennial]]''. Of three or more season cycles' duration.
''[[Perfect flower]]''. One that has both stamens and pistil.
''[[Perfect flower]]''. One that has both [[stamen]]s and [[pistil]].
''[[Perfoliate]]''. The stem apparently passing through the part, as a leaf; united around the stem.
''[[Perfoliate]]''. The [[stem]] apparently passing through the part, as a [[leaf]]; united around the stem.
''[[Pergameneous]], pergamentaceous''. Texture of parchment.
''[[Pergameneous]], pergamentaceous''. Texture of parchment.
''[[Peri-]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying around.
''[[Peri-]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying around.
''[[Perianth]]''. The floral envelope considered together; commonly used for flowers in which there is usually no clear distinction between calyx and corolla, as the lilies.
''[[Perianth]]''. The floral envelope considered together; commonly used for [[flower]]s in which there is usually no clear distinction between [[calyx]] and [[corolla]], as the [[lilies]].
''[[Pericarp]]''. The ripened ovary.
''[[Pericarp]]''. The ripened [[ovary]].
''[[Perigynium]]''. The sac or utricle that incloses the ovary or achene in Carex; it is sometimes inflated.
''[[Perigynium]]''. The sac or [[utricle]] that incloses the [[ovary]] or [[achene]] in [[Carex]]; it is sometimes inflated.
''[[Perigynous]]''. Borne around the ovary and not beneath it, as when calyx, corolla and stamens are borne on the edge of a cup-shaped hypanthium; such cases are said to exhibit perigyny.
''[[Perigynous]]''. Borne around the [[ovary]] and not beneath it, as when [[calyx]], [[corolla]] and [[stamen]]s are borne on the edge of a cup-shaped [[hypanthium]]; such cases are said to exhibit perigyny.
''[[Persistent]]''. Remaining attached; not falling off.
''[[Persistent]]''. Remaining attached; not falling off.
''[[Personate]]''. Said of a two-lipped corolla the throat of whichn is closed by a palate, as in toad-flax.
''[[Personate]]''. Said of a two-[[lip]]ped [[corolla]] the throat of which is closed by a palate, as in toad-flax.
''[[Petal]]''. One of the separate leaves of a corolla.
''[[Petal]]''. One of the separate leaves of a [[corolla]].
''[[Petaloid]]''. Petal-like; of color and shape resembling a petal.
''[[Petaloid]]''. [[Petal]]-like; of color and shape resembling a petal.
''[[Petiole]]''. Leaf-stalk.
''[[Petiole]]''. [[Leaf]]-[[stalk]].
''[[Petiolule]]''. Stalk of a leaflet.
''[[Petiolule]]''. [[Stalk]] of a [[leaflet]].
''[[Phalanges]]'' (plural of ''phalanx''). The groups or bundles of stamens in diadelphous or polyadelphous flowers.
''[[Phalanges]]'' (plural of ''phalanx''). The groups or bundles of [[stamen]]s in [[diadelphous]] or [[polyadelphous]] [[flower]]s.
''[[Phenogam]], phenogamous''. Flowering plants; seed-bearing plants (as distinguished from spore-bearing, or cryptogams).
''[[Phenogam]], phenogamous''. [[Flower]]ing plants; [[seed]]-bearing plants (as distinguished from spore-bearing, or cryptogams).
''[[Phyllodium]]''. Leaf-like petiole and no blade, as in some acacias and other plants.
''[[Phyllodium]]''. [[Leaf]]-like [[petiole]] and no blade, as in some [[acacia]]s and other plants.
''[[Phyllotaxy]]''. Order of arrangement of leaves on the stem.
''[[Phyllotaxy]]''. Order of arrangement of [[leaves]] on the stem.
''[[Phylology]]''. The study of plants, particularly of the kinds or species; botany.
''[[Phytology]]''. The study of plants, particularly of the kinds or [[species]]; [[botany]].
''[[Pileate]], pileiform''. With the form of a pileus or rimless cap; in particular, pertaining to the cap of a mushroom.
''[[Pileate]], pileiform''. With the form of a pileus or rimless cap; in particular, pertaining to the cap of a [[mushroom]].
''[[Pinna]]''. A primary division or leaflet of a pinnate leaf.
''[[Pinna]]''. A primary division or [[leaflet]] of a [[pinnate]] [[leaf]].
''[[Pinnate]]''. Feather-formed; with the leaflets of a compound leaf placed on either side of the rachis.
''[[Pinnate]]''. Feather-formed; with the [[leaflet]]s of a compound [[leaf]] placed on either side of the [[rachis]].
''[[Pinnatifid]]''. Cleft or parted in a pinnate (rather than palmate) way.
''[[Pinnatifid]]''. Cleft or parted in a [[pinnate]] (rather than [[palmate]]) way.
''[[Pinnatipartite]]''. Pinnately-parted.
''[[Pinnatipartite]]''. Pinnately-parted.
''[[Pinnatisect]]''. Cut down to the midrib in a pinnate way.
''[[Pinnatisect]]''. Cut down to the midrib in a pinnate way.
''[[Pinnule]]''. A secondary pinna or leaflet in a pinnately decompound leaf.
''[[Pinnule]]''. A secondary [[pinna]] or [[leaflet]] in a [[pinnate]]ly decompound [[leaf]].
''[[Pip]]''. A perpendicular or upright small rootstock used in propagation, as of lily-of-the-valley.
''[[Pip]]''. A perpendicular or upright small [[rootstock]] used in [[propagation]], as of [[lily-of-the-valley]].
''[[Pisiform]]''. Pea-shaped; pea-like.
''[[Pisiform]]''. [[Pea]]-shaped; pea-like.
''[[Pistil]]''. The ovule-bearing and seed-bearing organ.
''[[Pistil]]''. The [[ovule]]-bearing and [[seed]]-bearing organ.
''[[Pistillate]]''. Having pistils and no stamens; female.
''[[Pistillate]]''. Having [[pistil]]s and no [[stamen]]s; female.
''[[Pitted]]''. Having little depressions or cavities.
''[[Pitted]]''. Having little depressions or cavities.
''[[Placenta]]''. Part or place in the ovary where ovules are attached.
''[[Placenta]]''. Part or place in the [[ovary]] where [[ovule]]s are attached.
''[[Plaited]]''. Folded lengthwise, as a closed fan.
''[[Plaited]]''. Folded lengthwise, as a closed fan.
''[[Platys]]''. In Greek combinations, signifying broad or wide.
''[[Platys]]''. In Greek combinations, signifying broad or wide.
''[[Plumose]]''. Plumy; feather-like; with fine hairs, as the pappus of some composites.
''[[Plumose]]''. Plumy; feather-like; with fine hairs, as the [[pappus]] of some composites.
''[[Plumule]]''. The bud in the embryo.
''[[Plumule]]''. The bud in the [[embryo]].
''[[Plur-annual]]''. Of one season's duration only because killed by frost.
''[[Plur-annual]]''. Of one season's duration only because killed by frost.
''[[Pod]]''. A dehiscent dry pericarp.
''[[Pod]]''. A [[dehiscent]] dry [[pericarp]].
''[[Pollen]]''. Spores or grains borne by the anther, containing the male element; sometimes it is not granular.
''[[Pollen]]''. [[Spore]]s or grains borne by the [[anther]], containing the male element; sometimes it is not granular.
''[[Pollination]]''. The mechanical or physical operation of transfering pollen from stamen to pistil.
''[[Pollination]]''. The mechanical or physical operation of transferring [[pollen]] from [[stamen]] to [[pistil]].
''[[Polliniferous]]''. Bearing-pollen.
''[[Polliniferous]]''. Bearing-[[pollen]].
''[[Pollinium]]''. A coherent mass of pollen, as in orchids and milkweeds.
''[[Pollinium]]''. A coherent mass of [[pollen]], as in [[orchid]]s and [[milkweed]]s.
''[[Poly-]]''. In Greek combinations, signifying numerous or many.
''[[Poly-]]''. In Greek combinations, signifying numerous or many.
''[[Polyadelphous]]''. The stamens in many bundles or fascicles.
''[[Polyadelphous]]''. The [[stamen]]s in many bundles or fascicles.
''[[Polygamous]]''. Bearing imperfect and hermaphrodite flowers on the same plant.
''[[Polygamous]]''. Bearing [[imperfect]] and [[hermaphrodite]] [[flower]]s on the same plant.
''[[Polymerous]]''. Of many parts or series.
''[[Polymerous]]''. Of many parts or series.
''[[Pome]]''. Fruit of apple, pear, quince, etc.
''[[Pome]]''. Fruit of [[apple]], [[pear]], [[quince]], etc.
''[[Porose]]''. With small holes, pores or perforations.
''[[Porose]]''. With small holes, pores or perforations.
''[[Posterior]]''. At or toward the back; opposite the front; toward the axis; away from the subtending bract.
''[[Posterior]]''. At or toward the back; opposite the front; toward the axis; away from the subtending bract.
''[[Praefoliation]]''. Arrangement of leaves in the bud; vernation.
''[[Praefoliation]]''. Arrangement of [[leaves]] in the [[bud]]; vernation.
''[[Praemorse]]''. Jagged; as if bitten off.
''[[Praemorse]]''. Jagged; as if bitten off.
''[[Prickle]]''. A small and weak spine-like body borne irregularly on the bark or epidermis.
''[[Prickle]]''. A small and weak spine-like body borne irregularly on the [[bark]] or epidermis.
''[[Prismatic]]''. Prism-shaped; with plane sides separated by angles, body of nearly uniform size throughout, and with similar end-sections.
''[[Prismatic]]''. Prism-shaped; with plane sides separated by angles, body of nearly uniform size throughout, and with similar end-sections.
''[[Process]]''. An extension of any surface or part beyond the main outline.
''[[Process]]''. An extension of any surface or part beyond the main outline.
''[[Procumbent]]''. Trailing or lying flat, but not rooting.
''[[Procumbent]]''. Trailing or lying flat, but not [[root]]ing.
''[[Proliferous]]''. Bearing offshoots or redundant parts; bearing other similar structures on itself.
''[[Proliferous]]''. Bearing offshoots or redundant parts; bearing other similar structures on itself.
''[[Proterandrous]]''. Anthers maturing before pistils.
''[[Proterandrous]]''. [[Anther]]s maturing before [[pistil]]s.
''[[Proterogynous]]''. Pistils maturing before anthers.
''[[Proterogynous]]''. [[Pistil]]s maturing before [[anther]]s.
''[[Pseud-annual]]''. Perennial by means of bulbs, corms, or tubers.
''[[Pseud-annual]]''. [[Perennial]] by means of [[bulb]]s, [[corm]]s, or [[tuber]]s.
''[[Pseudo-]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying spurious or false.
''[[Pseudo-]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying spurious or false.
''[[Pseudobulb]]''. The thickened or bulb-form stems of certain orchids, the part being solid and borne above ground.
''[[Pseudobulb]]''. The thickened or [[bulb]]-form stems of certain [[orchid]]s, the part being solid and borne above ground.
''[[Puberulent]]''. Somewhat or minutely pubescent.
''[[Puberulent]]''. Somewhat or minutely pubescent.
''[[Pulverulent]]''. Powdered or dusty.
''[[Pulverulent]]''. Powdered or dusty.
''[[Pulvinate]]''. Cushioned; with a cushion-like enlargement or structure, as at the base of some petioles or leaflets.
''[[Pulvinate]]''. Cushioned; with a cushion-like enlargement or structure, as at the [[base]] of some [[petiole]]s or [[leaflet]]s.
''[[Punctate]]''. With translucent or colored dots or depressions or pits.
''[[Punctate]]''. With translucent or colored dots or depressions or pits.
''[[Pungent]]''. Ending in a stiff sharp point or tip; also acrid (to the taste).
''[[Pungent]]''. Ending in a stiff sharp point or tip; also acrid (to the taste).
''[[Putamen]]''. The hard or bony shell of a nut or of a stone- fruit.
''[[Putamen]]''. The hard or bony shell of a [[nut]] or of a stone-[[fruit]].
''[[Pyrene]], pyrena''. Nutlet, particularly the nutlet in a drupe.
''[[Pyrene]], pyrena''. [[Nutlet]], particularly the nutlet in a [[drupe]].
''[[Pyriform]]''. Pear-formed or -shaped.
''[[Pyriform]]''. [[Pear]]-formed or -shaped.
''[[Pyxis]]''. Pod opening or dehiscing by a transverse ring.
''[[Pyxis]]''. [[Pod]] opening or dehiscing by a transverse ring.
==Q==
==Q==
==R==
==R==
{{compactTOC2}}
{{compactTOC2}}
''[[Raceme]]''. A simple elongated indeterminate cluster with stalked flowers.
''[[Raceme]]''. A simple elongated [[indeterminate]] [[cluster]] with [[stalk]]ed [[flower]]s.
''[[Rachilla]], rhachilla''. A diminutive or secondary axis, or rachis; in particular, in the grasses and sedges the axis that bears the florets.
''[[Rachilla]], rhachilla''. A diminutive or secondary [[axis]], or [[rachis]]; in particular, in the [[grass]]es and [[sedge]]s the [[axis]] that bears the [[floret]]s.
''[[Rachis]]''. Axis bearing flowers or leaflets; petiole of a fern frond (plural rachides or rachises).
''[[Rachis]]''. [[Axis]] bearing [[flower]]s or [[leaflet]]s; [[petiole]] of a [[fern]] [[frond]] (plural ''rachides'' or ''rachises'').
''[[Radiate]]''. Standing on and spreading from a common center; also, with ray-flowers, as in the Composite.
''[[Radiate]]''. Standing on and spreading from a common center; also, with ray-[[flower]]s, as in the [[Compositae]].
''[[Radical]]''. Belonging or pertaining to the root.
''[[Radical]]''. Belonging or pertaining to the [[root]].
''[[Radicle]]''. The inferior or downward part of the embryo below the cotyledons; caudicle.
''[[Radicle]]''. The [[inferior]] or downward part of the [[embryo]] below the [[cotyledon]]s; [[caudicle]].
''[[Radix]]''. Root.
''[[Radix]]''. [[Root]].
''[[Rameal]]''. Pertaining to a branch or branches.
''[[Rameal]]''. Pertaining to a [[branch]] or branches.
''[[Ramenia]]''. Chaffy loose scales borne on leaves and stems, as on the stems of ferns.
''[[Ramenia]]''. Chaffy loose scales borne on [[leaves]] and [[stem]]s, as on the stems of [[fern]]s.
''[[Ramification]]''. The mode or style of branching of a plant.
''[[Ramification]]''. The mode or style of [[branch]]ing of a plant.
''[[Raphe]], rhaphe''. The cord or ridge of fibro-vascular tissue connecting the hilum and chaluza on a seed (when the hilum and chalaza are separated).
''[[Raphe]], rhaphe''. The cord or ridge of fibro-vascular tissue connecting the [[hilum]] and [[chaluza]] on a [[seed]] (when the hilum and chalaza are separated).
''[[Ray]]''. Outer modified florets of some composites, with an extended or strap-like part to the corolla; also thebranches of an umbel or umbel-like cluster.
''[[Ray]]''. Outer modified [[floret]]s of some [[composite]]s, with an extended or strap-like part to the [[corolla]]; also the branches of an [[umbel]] or umbel-like [[cluster]].
''[[Receptacle]]''. Torus; the more or less enlarged or elongated end of the stem or flower-axis on which some or all of the flower-parts are borne; sometimes the receptacle is greatly expanded, as in the Composite; sometimes it assumes capsule-like forms, as in the hypanthium of the rose.
''[[Receptacle]]''. [[Torus]]; the more or less enlarged or elongated end of the [[stem]] or [[flower]]-[[axis]] on which some or all of the flower-parts are borne; sometimes the receptacle is greatly expanded, as in the [[CompositAe]]; sometimes it assumes capsule-like forms, as in the [[hypanthium]] of the [[rose]].
''[[Reclinate]], reclining''. Bent down or falling back from the perpendicular.
''[[Reclinate]], reclining''. Bent down or falling back from the perpendicular.
''[[Reflexed]]''. Abruptly recurved or bent downward or backward.
''[[Reflexed]]''. Abruptly recurved or bent downward or backward.
''[[Regular flower]]''. With the parts in each series or set alike; aa stamens all like each other, petals all like each other.
''[[Regular flower]]''. With the parts in each series or set alike; as [[stamen]]s all like each other, [[petal]]s all like each other.
''[[Reinforced fruit]]''. With other parts grown to the pericarp.
''[[Reinforced fruit]]''. With other parts grown to the [[pericarp]].
''[[Remote]]''. Separated by spaces longer than common.
''[[Remote]]''. Separated by spaces longer than common.
''[[Reniform]]''. Kidney-shaped.
''[[Reniform]]''. Kidney-shaped.
''[[Repent]]''. Creeping; rooting at the joints.
''[[Repent]]''. Creeping; [[root]]ing at the [[joint]]s.
''[[Resupinate]]''. Upside down; turned over.
''[[Resupinate]]''. Upside down; turned over.
''[[Retrorse]]''. Bent or turned over back or downward.
''[[Retrorse]]''. Bent or turned over back or downward.
''[[Revolute]]''. Rolled backward, margin rolled toward lower side. See Involute.
''[[Revolute]]''. Rolled backward, margin rolled toward lower side. See ''[[Involute]]''.
''[[Rhachis]]''. See [[Rachis]].
''[[Rhachis]]''. See ''[[Rachis]]''.
''[[Rhaphe]]''. See [[Raphe]].
''[[Rhaphe]]''. See ''[[Raphe]]''.
''[[Rhizome]]''. Underground stem; rootstock.
''[[Rhizome]]''. Underground [[stem]]; [[rootstock]].
''[[Rhizos]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying root.
''[[Rhizos]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying [[root]].
''[[Rib]]''. In a leaf or similar organ, the primary vein; also any prominent vein or nerve.
''[[Rib]]''. In a [[leaf]] or similar organ, the primary vein; also any prominent vein or nerve.
''[[Rimose]]''. With cracks or chinks.
''[[Rimose]]''. With cracks or chinks.
''[[Ringent]]''. Gaping; said of labiate flowers with an open throat or mouth.
''[[Ringent]]''. Gaping; said of [[labiate]] [[flower]]s with an open throat or mouth.
''[[Rootstock]]''. Subterranean stem; rhizome.
''[[Rootstock]]''. Subterranean [[stem]]; [[rhizome]].
''[[Rostellum]]''. A little beak; particularly a projection above the stigma in the orchid flower.
''[[Rostellum]]''. A little beak; particularly a projection above the [[stigma]] in the [[orchid]] [[flower]].
''[[Rosula]]''. A rosette, or dense more or less flat imbricated cluster of leaves.
''[[Rosula]]''. A [[rosette]], or dense more or less flat [[imbricated]] [[cluster]] of [[leaves]].
''[[Rosulate]]''. In a rosula or rosette.
''[[Rosulate]]''. In a [[rosula]] or [[rosette]].
''[[Rotate]]''. Wheel-shaped; with short or obsolete tube and a flat and circular limb.
''[[Rotate]]''. Wheel-shaped; with short or obsolete tube and a flat and circular limb.
''[[Rudimentary]]''. Incomplete; very little developed.
''[[Rudimentary]]''. Incomplete; very little developed.
''[[Ruminated]]''. Chewed; particularly applied to wrinkled albumen in seeds that are irregularly channeled or pierced, as in nutmeg and in annona fruits.
''[[Ruminated]]''. Chewed; particularly applied to wrinkled [[albumen]] in [[seed]]s that are irregularly channeled or pierced, as in [[nutmeg]] and in [[annona]] [[fruit]]s.
''[[Runcinate]]''. Said of sharply lobed or cut leaves that have the segments directed backward.
''[[Runcinate]]''. Said of sharply lobed or cut [[leaves]] that have the segments directed backward.
''[[Runner]]''. A slender trailing shoot taking root at the nodes.
''[[Runner]]''. A slender trailing [[shoot]] taking [[root]] at the [[node]]s.
==S==
==S==
''[[Sabulose]]''. Growing in or pertaining to sandy places.
''[[Sabulose]]''. Growing in or pertaining to sandy places.
''[[Saggitate]]''. Like an arrowhead in form; triangular with the basal lobes pointing downward.
''[[Saggitate]]''. Like an arrowhead in [[form]]; triangular with the [[basal]] [[lobe]]s pointing downward.
''[[Salver-shaped]]''. With a slender tube and an abruptly expanded flat limb, as that of the phlox; hypocratcriform.
''[[Salver-shaped]]''. With a slender tube and an abruptly expanded flat limb, as that of the [[phlox]]; [[hypocrateriform]].
''[[Samara]]''. Indehiscent winged pericarp, as of the maple.
''[[Samara]]''. [[Indehiscent]] winged [[pericarp]], as of the [[maple]].
''[[Sap]]''. The watery contents of a plant; an indefinite and undescriptive term little used by botanists.
''[[Sap]]''. The watery contents of a plant; an indefinite and undescriptive term little used by botanists.
''[[Scabrous]]''. Rough; feeling roughish or gritty to the touch.
''[[Scabrous]]''. Rough; feeling roughish or gritty to the touch.
''[[Scale]]''. A name given to many kinds of small mostly dry and appressed leaves or bracts; a vestige.
''[[Scale]]''. A name given to many kinds of small mostly dry and appressed [[leaves]] or [[bracts]]; a vestige.
''[[Scape]]''. Leafless peduncle arising from the ground; it may bear scales or bracts but no foliage-leaves, and may be one- or many-flowered.
''[[Scape]]''. [[Leafless]] [[peduncle]] arising from the ground; it may bear scales or [[bract]]s but no [[foliage]]-[[leaves]], and may be one- or many-[[flower]]ed.
''[[Scarious]]''. Leaf-like parts or bracts that are not green, but thin, dry, and membranaceous, often more or less translucent.
''[[Scarious]]''. [[Leaf]]-like parts or [[bract]]s that are not green, but thin, dry, and membranaceous, often more or less translucent.
''[[Scion]]''. See Cion.
''[[Scion]]''. See ''[[Cion]]''.
''[[Scleroid]]''. Of a hard texture.
''[[Scleroid]]''. Of a hard texture.
''[[Scorpioid]]''. Said of a cluster in which the flowers are 2- ranked and borne alternately at the right and the left.
''[[Scorpioid]]''. Said of a [[cluster]] in which the [[flower]]s are 2-ranked and borne alternately at the right and the left.
''[[Seed]]''. The ripened ovule; the essential part is the embryo, and this is contained within integuments.
''[[Seed]]''. The ripened [[ovule]]; the essential part is the [[embryo]], and this is contained within integuments.
''[[Seedling]]''. A young plant raised from seed; a plant direct from seed without the intervention of grafting of any kind.
''[[Seedling]]''. A young plant raised from [[seed]]; a plant direct from seed without the intervention of [[graft]]ing of any kind.
''[[Segment]]''. One of the parts of a leaf, petal, calyx or perianth that is divided but not truly compound.
''[[Segment]]''. One of the parts of a [[leaf]], [[petal]], [[calyx]] or [[perianth]] that is divided but not truly compound.
''[[Self-fertilization]]''. Secured by pollen from same flower; close-fertilization.
''[[Self-fertilization]]''. Secured by [[polle]]n from same [[flower]]; close-fertilization.
''[[Self-pollination]]''. Transfer of pollen from stamen to pistil of same flower; close-pollination.
''[[Self-pollination]]''. Transfer of [[pollen]] from [[stamen]] to [[pistil]] of same [[flower]]; close-pollination.
''[[Sepal]]''. One of the separate leaves of a calyx.
''[[Sepal]]''. One of the separate [[leaves]] of a [[calyx]].
''[[Separation]]''. Multiplication of plants by means of naturally detachable asexual bodies or organs, as offsets, stolons.
''[[Separation]]''. Multiplication of plants by means of naturally detachable asexual bodies or organs, as [[offset]]s, [[stolon]]s.
''[[Septate]]''. Partitioned; divided by partitions.
''[[Septate]]''. Partitioned; divided by partitions.
''[[Septicidal]]''. Dehiscence along or in the partitions, not directly into the locule.
''[[Septicidal]]''. [[Dehiscence]] along or in the partitions, not directly into the [[locule]].
''[[Septum]]''. A partition.
''[[Septum]]''. A partition.
''[[Sessile]]''. Not stalked; sitting.
''[[Sessile]]''. Not stalked; sitting.
''[[Set]]''. Applied loosely to vegetative parts used in propagation, as to offsets, layers, root-cuttings.
''[[Set]]''. Applied loosely to vegetative parts used in [[propagation]], as to [[offset]]s, layers, [[root]]-[[cutting]]s.
''[[Seta]]''. A bristle.
''[[Seta]]''. A bristle.
''[[Sheath]]''. Any long or more or less tubular structure surrounding an organ or part.
''[[Sheath]]''. Any long or more or less tubular structure surrounding an organ or part.
''[[Shoot]]''. A new plant from the root of the old plant; also any growing twig or axis.
''[[Shoot]]''. A new plant from the [[root]] of the old plant; also any growing [[twig]] or [[axis]].
''[[Shrub]]''. A woody plant that remains low and produces shoots or trunks from the base.
''[[Shrub]]''. A woody plant that remains low and produces [[shoot]]s or [[trunk]]s from the base.
''[[Silicle]]''. The short fruit of certain Cruciferte.
''[[Silicle]]''. The short [[fruit]] of certain [[Cruciferae]].
''[[Silique]]''. The long fruit of certain Crucifera;.
''[[Silique]]''. The long [[fruit]] of certain [[Cruciferae]].
''[[Silky]]''. A condition produced by a covering of soft appressed fine hairs; sericeus.
''[[Silky]]''. A condition produced by a covering of soft appressed fine hairs; [[sericeus]].
''[[Silvery]]''. With a whitish metallic more or less shining luster.
''[[Silvery]]''. With a whitish metallic more or less shining luster.
''[[Simple pistil]]''. Of one carpel.
''[[Simple pistil]]''. Of one [[carpel]].
''[[Sinus]]''. The space or recess between two lobes of a leaf or other expanded organ.
''[[Sinus]]''. The space or recess between two [[lobe]]s of a [[leaf]] or other expanded organ.
''[[Slip]]''. A softwood cutting "slipped" off or pulled off; applied also to similar parts cut off.
''[[Slip]]''. A [[softwood]] [[cutting]] "slipped" off or pulled off; applied also to similar parts cut off.
''[[Smooth]]''. Said of surfaces that have no hairiness, roughness or pubescence, particularly of those not rough.
''[[Smooth]]''. Said of surfaces that have no hairiness, roughness or [[pubescence]], particularly of those not rough.
''[[Solitary]]''. Borne singly or alone.
''[[Solitary]]''. Borne singly or alone.
''[[Sorus]]''. A heap or cluster. The fruit-dots or -cluster of ferns (plural sort.)
''[[Sorus]]''. A heap or [[cluster]]. The [[fruit]]-dots or -cluster of [[fern]]s (plural ''sori''.)
''[[Spadix]]''. A thick or fleshy spike of certain plants, as the Araceaj, surrounded or subtended by a spathe.
''[[Spadix]]''. A thick or fleshy spike of certain plants, as the [[Araceae]], surrounded or subtended by a [[spathe]].
''[[Span]]''. Nine inches; distance from tip of thumb to tip of little finger when the hand is spread out.
''[[Span]]''. Nine inches; distance from tip of thumb to tip of little finger when the hand is spread out.
''[[Spathe]]''. The bract or leaf surrounding or subtending a flower-cluster or a spadix; it is sometimes colored and flower-like, as in the calla.
''[[Spathe]]''. The [[bract]] or [[leaf]] surrounding or subtending a [[flower]]-[[cluster]] or a [[spadix]]; it is sometimes colored and flower-like, as in the [[calla]].
''[[Spawn]]''. The dried mycelium of mushrooms used in propagation.
''[[Spawn]]''. The dried mycelium of [[mushroom]]s used in [[propagation]].
''[[Spheroidal]]''. A solid that is nearly spherical.
''[[Spheroidal]]''. A solid that is nearly spherical.
''[[Spiculate]]''. With a small, fleshy and erect point.
''[[Spiculate]]''. With a small, fleshy and erect point.
''[[Spike]]''. Compact, more or less simple indeterminate, mostly elongated cluster, with flowers sessile or nearly so.
''[[Spike]]''. Compact, more or less simple [[indeterminate]], mostly elongated [[cluster]], with [[flower]]s [[sessile]] or nearly so.
''[[Spikelet]]''. A secondary spike; one part of a compound spike; particularly, one of the ultimate clusters in grosses.
''[[Spikelet]]''. A secondary [[spike]]; one part of a compound spike; particularly, one of the ultimate [[cluster]]s in grosses.
''[[Spine]]''. A strong and sharp-pointed woody body mostly arising from the wood of the stem.
''[[Spine]]''. A strong and sharp-pointed [[woody]] body mostly arising from the [[wood]] of the [[stem]].
''[[Spinescent]]''. More or less spiny.
''[[Spinescent]]''. More or less spiny.
''[[Spinule]]''. A little or weak spine.
''[[Spinule]]''. A little or weak spine.
''[[Spontaneous]]''. Said of plants that have escaped from cultivation, but that do not permanently persist.
''[[Spontaneous]]''. Said of plants that have escaped from [[cultivation]], but that do not permanently persist.
''[[Sporangium]]''. A spore-case; a sac or body bearing spores.
''[[Sporangium]]''. A [[spore]]-case; a sac or body bearing spores.
''[[Spore]]''. A simple reproductive body, usually composed of a single detached cell, and containing no embryo.
''[[Spore]]''. A simple reproductive body, usually composed of a single detached cell, and containing no [[embryo]].
''[[Sporocarp]]''. A receptacle containing sporangia or spores.
''[[Sporocarp]]''. A receptacle containing sporangia or [[spore]]s.
''[[Sporophyll]]''. A spore-bearing leaf.
''[[Sporophyll]]''. A [[spore]]-bearing [[leaf]].
''[[Spreading]]''. Standing outward or horizontally.
''[[Spreading]]''. Standing outward or horizontally.
''[[Spur]]''. A tubular or sac-like projection from a blossom, as of a petal or sepal; it usually secretes nectar.
''[[Spur]]''. A tubular or sac-like projection from a [[blossom]], as of a [[petal]] or [[sepal]]; it usually secretes [[nectar]].
''[[Squama]]''. A scale.
''[[Squama]]''. A [[scale]].
''[[Squamella]]''. Very small squama or scale.
''[[Squamella]]''. Very small [[squama]] or [[scale]].
''[[Stachys]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying a spike.
''[[Stachys]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying a [[spike]].
''[[Stalk]]''. The stem of any organ, as the petiole, peduncle, pedicel, filament, stipe.
''[[Stalk]]''. The [[stem]] of any [[organ]], as the [[petiole]], [[peduncle]], [[pedicel]], [[filament]], [[stipe]].
''[[Stamen]]''. The pollen-bearing or "male" organ.
''[[Stamen]]''. The [[pollen]]-bearing or "[[male]]" organ.
''[[Staminate]]''. Having stamens and no pistils; male.
''[[Staminate]]''. Having [[stamen]]s and no [[pistil]]s; [[male]].
''[[Staminode]], staminodium''. A sterile stamen, or a structure resembling such and borne in the staminal part of the flower; in some flowers (as in Canna) staminodia are petal-like and showy.
''[[Staminode]], staminodium''. A sterile [[stamen]], or a structure resembling such and borne in the staminal part of the [[flower]]; in some [[flower]]s (as in [[Canna]]) staminodia are [[petal]]-like and showy.
''[[Standard]]''. The upper and broad more or less erect petal of a papilionaceous flower.
''[[Standard]]''. The upper and broad more or less erect [[petal]] of a [[papilionaceous]] [[flower]].
''[[Stem]]''. The main axis of a plant; leaf-bearing and flower- bearing as distinguished from the root-bearing axis.
''[[Stem]]''. The main [[axis]] of a plant; [[leaf]]-bearing and [[flower]]- bearing as distinguished from the [[root]]-bearing axis.
''[[Sterile flower]]''. Without pistils.
''[[Sterile flower]]''. Without [[pistil]]s.
''[[Stigma]]''. The part of the pistil that receives the pollen.
''[[Stigma]]''. The part of the [[pistil]] that receives the [[pollen]].
''[[Stigmatic]]''. Pertaining to the stigma.
''[[Stigmatic]]''. Pertaining to the [[stigma]].
''[[Stipe]]''. The stalk of a pistil or other small organ; also the petiole of a fern-leaf.
''[[Stipe]]''. The stalk of a [[pistil]] or other small organ; also the [[petiole]] of a [[fern]]-[[leaf]].
''[[Stipel]]''. Stipule of a leaflet.
''[[Stipel]]''. [[Stipule]] of a [[leaflet]].
''[[Stipule]]''. A basal appendage of a petiole; the three parts of a complete leaf are blade, petiole, stipules (usually 2)
''[[Stipule]]''. A basal appendage of a [[petiole]]; the three parts of a complete [[leaf]] are [[blade]], petiole, [[stipules]] (usually 2).
''[[Stock]]''. The part on which the cion is grafted; the strain or parentage.
''[[Stock]]''. The part on which the [[cion]] is [[graft]]ed; the strain or parentage.
''[[Stolon]]''. A shoot that bends to the ground and takes root; more commonly, a horizontal stem at or below surface of the ground that gives rise to a new plant at its tip.
''[[Stolon]]''. A [[shoot]] that bends to the ground and takes [[root]]; more commonly, a horizontal [[stem]] at or below surface of the ground that gives rise to a new plant at its tip.
''[[Stone]]''. The "pit" or putamen of a stone fruit.
''[[Stone]]''. The "pit" or [[putamen]] of a [[stone]] [[fruit]].
''[[Stool]]''. A clump of roots or rootstock that may be used in propagation; also an established low plant from which layers are taken.
''[[Stool]]''. A clump of [[root]]s or [[rootstock]] that may be used in [[propagation]]; also an established low plant from which layers are taken.
''[[Stratification]]''. The operation or method of burying seeds to keep them fresh and to soften their integuments, or to expose them without injury to frost, that they may be more readily and successfully used in propagation.
''[[Stratification]]''. The operation or method of burying [[seed]]s to keep them fresh and to soften their integuments, or to expose them without injury to frost, that they may be more readily and successfully used in [[propagation]].
''[[Strict]]''. Straight and upright, little if any branched, often rigid.
''[[Strict]]''. Straight and upright, little if any branched, often rigid.
''[[Strobile]]''. Cone.
''[[Strobile]]''. [[Cone]].
''[[Strophiole]]''. An appendage or protuberance at the [[hilum]].
''[[Strophiole]]''. An appendage or protuberance at the hilum. Style. More or less elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and stigma.
''[[Style]]''. More or less elongated part of the [[pistil]] between the [[ovary]] and [[stigma]].
''[[Stylopodium]]''. Style-foot; an expansion at the base of a style, as in flowers of the Umbelliferee.
''[[Stylopodium]]''. Style-foot; an expansion at the base of a style, as in [[flower]]s of the [[Umbelliferae]].
''[[Sub-]]''. Ab a prefix, usually signifying somewhat, slightly or rather.
''[[Sub-]]''. As a prefix, usually signifying ''somewhat, slightly'' or ''rather''.
''[[Subacute]]''. Somewhat or partially acute.
''[[Subacute]]''. Somewhat or partially acute.
''[[Subcoriaceous]]''. Somewhat or approaching leathery in texture.
''[[Subcoriaceous]]''. Somewhat or approaching leathery in texture.
''[[Subligneous]]''. Partially or somewhat woody.
''[[Subligneous]]''. Partially or somewhat [[woody]].
''[[Subterete]]''. Somewhat or imperfectly terete.
''[[Subterete]]''. Somewhat or imperfectly [[terete]].
''[[Succulent]]''. Juicy; fleshy; soft and thickened in texture.
''[[Succulent]]''. Juicy; fleshy; soft and thickened in texture.
''[[Sucker]]''. A shoot arising from the roots or beneath the surface of the ground.
''[[Sucker]]''. A [[shoot]] arising from the [[root]]s or beneath the surface of the ground.
''[[Suffrutescent]]''. Partially or slightly shrubby.
''[[Suffrutescent]]''. Partially or slightly [[shrub]]by.
''[[Suffruticose]]''. Pertaining to a low and somewhat woody plant; diminutively shrubby or fruticose; woody at base.
''[[Suffruticose]]''. Pertaining to a low and somewhat [[woody]] plant; diminutively shrubby or [[fruticose]]; woody at base.
''[[Sulcate]]''. Grooved or furrowed lengthwise.
''[[Sulcate]]''. Grooved or furrowed lengthwise.
''[[Superior]]''. Said of an ovary that is free from the calyx.
''[[Superior]]''. Said of an [[ovary]] that is free from the [[calyx]].
''[[Supernumerary]]''. Said of buds when there is more than one in an axil.
''[[Supernumerary]]''. Said of [[bud]]s when there is more than one in an [[axil]].
''[[Suspended]]''. Hanging from the top, as an ovule attached in the top of the locule.
''[[Suspended]]''. Hanging from the top, as an [[ovule]] attached in the top of the [[locule]].
''[[Suture]]''. A line or mark of splitting open; a groove marking a natural division or union; the groove lengthwise a plum or similar fruit.
''[[Suture]]''. A line or mark of splitting open; a groove marking a natural division or union; the groove lengthwise a [[plum]] or similar [[fruit]].
''[[Symmetrical]]''. Said of a flower that has the same number of parts in each series or circle, as five stamens, five petals.
''[[Symmetrical]]''. Said of a [[flower]] that has the same number of parts in each series or circle, as five [[stamen]]s, five [[petal]]s.
''[[Symphysis]]''. Growing together; coalescence.
''[[Symphysis]]''. Growing together; coalescence.
''[[Sympodial]]''. Axial growth continued by successive lateral shoots instead of by terminal bud.
''[[Sympodial]]''. Axial growth continued by successive lateral [[shoot]]s instead of by terminal [[bud]].
''[[Syncarpium]]''. A fruit consisting of many cohering or consolidated carpels.
''[[Syncarpium]]''. A [[fruit]] consisting of many cohering or consolidated [[carpel]]s.
''[[Syncarpous]]''. Having carpels united. See Apocarpus.
''[[Syncarpous]]''. Having [[carpel]]s united. See ''[[Apocarpus]]''.
''[[Syngenesious]]''. Anthers united in a ring, as in Compositae.
''[[Syngenesious]]''. [[Anther]]s united in a ring, as in [[Compositae]].
==T==
==T==
''[[Tapering]]''. Gradually becoming smaller or diminishing in diameter or width toward one end.
''[[Tapering]]''. Gradually becoming smaller or diminishing in diameter or width toward one end.
''[[Tap-root]]''. A strong nearly or quite perpendicular main root that carries the plant axis straight into the ground, all the other roots being secondary to it, rather than branching equally or diversely at the crown.
''[[Tap-root]]''. A strong nearly or quite perpendicular main [[root]] that carries the plant axis straight into the ground, all the other roots being secondary to it, rather than branching equally or diversely at the [[crown]].
''[[Taxonomy]]''. Classification of species.
''[[Taxonomy]]''. [[Classification]] of [[species]].
''[[Tendril]]''. A rotating or twisting thread-like process or extension by which a plant grasps an object and clings to it for support; morphologically it may be stem or leaf.
''[[Tendril]]''. A rotating or twisting thread-like process or extension by which a plant grasps an object and clings to it for support; morphologically it may be [[stem]] or [[leaf]].
''[[Teratology]]''. The subject of monstrosities, or of abnormal and aberrant forms and malformations.
''[[Teratology]]''. The subject of monstrosities, or of abnormal and aberrant forms and malformations.
''[[Ternate]]''. In threes.
''[[Ternate]]''. In threes.
''[[Testa]]''. The outer seed-coat, particularly when bony, hard or brittle.
''[[Testa]]''. The outer [[seed]]-coat, particularly when bony, hard or brittle.
''[[Tetradynamous]]''. Six stamens, four being long and two short.
''[[Tetradynamous]]''. Six [[stamen]]s, four being long and two short.
''[[Tetragonal]]''. Four-angled.
''[[Tetragonal]]''. Four-angled.
''[[Thallus]]''. A flat leaf-like organ; in some cryptogams, the entire cellular plant body without differentiation as to stem and foliage.
''[[Thallus]]''. A flat [[leaf]]-like organ; in some cryptogams, the entire cellular plant body without differentiation as to [[stem]] and [[foliage]].
''[[Throat]]''. The opening or orifice into a gamopetalous corolla, or perianth; the place where the limb joins the tube.
''[[Throat]]''. The opening or orifice into a [[gamopetalous]] [[corolla]], or [[perianth]]; the place where the limb joins the tube.
''[[Thyrse]], thyrsus''. Compact and more or less compound panicle; more correctly a panicle-like cluster with main axis indeterminate and other parts determinate.
''[[Thyrse]], thyrsus''. Compact and more or less compound [[panicle]]; more correctly a panicle-like [[cluster]] with main axis [[indeterminate]] and other parts [[determinate]].
''[[Tip]]''. The plant arising at the end of a stolon, as in the black raspberry.
''[[Tip]]''. The plant arising at the end of a [[stolon]], as in the black [[raspberry]].
''[[Tomentose]]''. With tomentum; densely woolly or pubescent; with matted soft wool-like hairiness.
''[[Tomentose]]''. With tomentum; densely [[woolly]] or pubescent; with matted soft wool-like hairiness.
''[[Tomentulose]]''. Somewhat or delicately tomentose.
''[[Tomentulose]]''. Somewhat or delicately [[tomentose]].
''[[Tortuous]]''. Twisted; with irregular bending and twining.
''[[Tortuous]]''. Twisted; with irregular bending and [[twining]].
''[[Torus]]''. Receptacle.
''[[Torus]]''. Receptacle.
''[[Tree]]''. A woody plant that produces one main trunk and a more or less distinct and elevated head.
''[[Tree]]''. A [[woody]] plant that produces one main [[trunk]] and a more or less distinct and elevated head.
''[[Tri-]]''. Three or three times.
''[[Tri-]]''. Three or three times.
''[[Tricarpous]]''. Of three carpels or fruits.
''[[Tricarpous]]''. Of three [[carpel]]s or [[fruit]]s.
''[[Trichome]]''. A hair, particularly one that is strong or stiff.
''[[Trichome]]''. A hair, particularly one that is strong or stiff.
''[[Trifid]]''. Separated about halfway down into three parts.
''[[Trifid]]''. Separated about halfway down into three parts.
''[[Trifoliate]]''. Of three leaves.
''[[Trifoliate]]''. Of three [[leaves]].
''[[Trifoliolate]]''. Of three leaflets.
''[[Trifoliolate]]''. Of three [[leaflet]]s.
''[[Trigonous]]''. Three-angled.
''[[Trigonous]]''. Three-angled.
''[[Trimerous]]''. In threes.
''[[Trimerous]]''. In threes.
''[[Trimorphous]]''. In three forms; as three lengths of stamens.
''[[Trimorphous]]''. In three forms; as three lengths of [[stamen]]s.
''[[Tripinnate]]''. Three times pinnate.
''[[Tripinnate]]''. Three times [[pinnate]].
''[[Trisected]]''. In three deeply cut parts.
''[[Trisected]]''. In three deeply cut parts.
''[[Triternate]]''. Three times three; the leaflets or segments of a twice ternate leaf again in three parts.
''[[Triternate]]''. Three times three; the [[leaflet]]s or segments of a twice [[ternate]] [[leaf]] again in three parts.
''[[Truncate]]''. Appearing as if cut off at the end; the end nearly or quite straight across.
''[[Truncate]]''. Appearing as if cut off at the end; the end nearly or quite straight across.
''[[Tuber]]''. A short congested part; usually defined as subterranean (as of a rootstock), although this is not essential.
''[[Tuber]]''. A short congested part; usually defined as subterranean (as of a [[rootstock]]), although this is not essential.
''[[Tubercle]]''. .A small tuber, or rounded protruding body.
''[[Tubercle]]''. .A small [[tuber]], or rounded protruding body.
''[[Tuberiferous]]''. Tuber-bearing.
''[[Tuberiferous]]''. [[Tuber]]-bearing.
''[[Tuberous]]''. With or resembling a tuber or tubers.
''[[Tuberous]]''. With or resembling a [[tuber]] or tubers.
''[[Tumid]]''. Swollen.
''[[Tumid]]''. Swollen.
''[[Tunicated]]''. Provided with concentric or enwrapping coats or layers, as bulb of onion.
''[[Tunicated]]''. Provided with concentric or enwrapping coats or layers, as [[bulb]] of [[onion]].
''[[Turgid]]''. Swollen from fullness.
''[[Turgid]]''. Swollen from fullness.
==U==
==U==
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''[[Umbel]]''. Corymbose or indeterminate cluster with branches or rays arising from a common point and about equal in length, resembling framework of umbrella; umbels are characteristic of the Umbellifera.
''[[Umbel]]''. Corymbose or [[indeterminate]] [[cluster]] with [[branch]]es or rays arising from a common point and about equal in length, resembling framework of umbrella; [[umbel]]s are characteristic of the [[Umbellifera]].
''[[Umbellate]]''. Umbelled; with umbels; pertaining to umbels.
''[[Umbellate]]''. Umbelled; with [[umbel]]s; pertaining to umbels.
''[[Umbellet]]''. Secondary umbel.
''[[Umbellet]]''. Secondary [[umbel]].
''[[Umbellule]]''. Umbellet.
''[[Umbellule]]''. [[Umbel]]let.
''[[Uni-]]''. One.
''[[Uni-]]''. One.
''[[Unisexual]]''. Of one sex; staminate or pistillate only.
''[[Unisexual]]''. Of one sex; [[staminate]] or [[pistillate]] only.
''[[Utricle]]''. A small bladder; a bladdery 1-seeded fruit.
''[[Utricle]]''. A small bladder; a bladdery 1-[[seed]]ed [[fruit]].
==V==
==V==
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''[[Valvate]]''. Opening by valves or pertaining to valves; meeting by the edges without overlapping, as leaves or petals in the bud.
''[[Valvate]]''. Opening by valves or pertaining to valves; meeting by the edges without overlapping, as [[leaves]] or [[petal]]s in the [[bud]].
''[[Valve]]''. A separable part of a pod; the units or pieces into which a capsule splits or divides in dehiscing.
''[[Valve]]''. A separable part of a [[pod]]; the units or pieces into which a capsule splits or divides in [[dehiscing]].
''[[Vascular]]''. With vessels or ducts, or relating to them.
''[[Vascular]]''. With vessels or ducts, or relating to them.
''[[Vein]]''. A branch of the evident woody framework of a leaf or similar organ; secondary member of the fibro-vascular structure.
''[[Vein]]''. A [[branch]] of the evident [[woody]] framework of a [[leaf]] or similar organ; secondary member of the fibro-vascular structure.
''[[Veinlet]]''. A small or slender vein; nerve.
''[[Veinlet]]''. A small or slender vein; nerve.
''[[Ventral]]''. Front; relating to the anterior or inner face or part of an organ; opposite the back or dorsal part.
''[[Ventral]]''. Front; relating to the anterior or inner face or part of an organ; opposite the back or dorsal part.
''[[Vernation]]''. The disposition or arrangement of leaves in the bud.
''[[Vernation]]''. The disposition or arrangement of [[leaves]] in the [[bud]].
''[[Versatile]]''. Hung or attached near the middle and usually moving freely, as an anther attached crosswise on the apex of filament and capable of turning.
''[[Versatile]]''. Hung or attached near the middle and usually moving freely, as an [[anther]] attached crosswise on the apex of [[filament]] and capable of turning.
''[[Verticil]]''. A whorl.
''[[Verticil]]''. A [[whorl]].
''[[Vesicle]]''. A little bladder or bladder-like cavity.
''[[Vesicle]]''. A little bladder or bladder-like cavity.
''[[Vexillary]]''. Pertaining to the vexillum, standard or banner of a papilionaceous flower.
''[[Vexillary]]''. Pertaining to the vexillum, standard or banner of a [[papilionaceous]] [[flower]].
''[[Villous]]''. Provided with long and soft, not matted, hairs; shaggy.
''[[Villous]]''. Provided with long and soft, not matted, hairs; shaggy.
''[[Vitta]]''. An oil-tube, as in the fruits of Umbelliferse.
''[[Vitta]]''. An oil-tube, as in the fruits of [[Umbelliferae]].
''[[Vittate]]''. With vitte; also striped lengthwise.
''[[Vittate]]''. With [[vitta]]e; also striped lengthwise.
''[[Volute]]''. Rolled up.
''[[Volute]]''. Rolled up.
==W==
==W==
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''[[Watersprout]]''. A strong rapid-growing adventitious shoot in a tree-top or bush or on a trunk.
''[[Watersprout]]''. A strong rapid-growing adventitious [[shoot]] in a [[tree]]-top or [[bush]] or on a [[trunk]].
''[[Whorl]]''. Three or more leaves or flowers at one node, in a circle.
''[[Whorl]]''. Three or more [[leaves]] or [[flower]]s at one [[node]], in a circle.
''[[Wing]]''. A thin dry or membranous expansion or flat extension or appendage of an organ; also the lateral petal of a papilionaceous flower.
''[[Wing]]''. A thin dry or membranous expansion or flat extension or appendage of an organ; also the lateral [[petal]] of a [[papilionaceous]] [[flower]].
''[[Woolly]]''. Provided with long, soft and more or less matted hairs; like wool; lanate.
''[[Woolly]]''. Provided with long, soft and more or less matted hairs; like wool; [[lanate]].
''[[Wort]]''. Old word for a plant or herb; now used only in combination, as mother-wort, spiderviort, liverwort.
''[[Wort]]''. Old word for a plant or [[herb]]; now used only in combination, as [[mother-wort]], [[spiderwort]], [[liverwort]].