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Glossary of Gardening Terms (view source)
Revision as of 04:26, 7 January 2012
, 04:26, 7 January 2012→E
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''[[Chaff]]''. A small thin dry and membranous [[scale]] or [[bract]]; in particular, the bracts in the [[flower]]-heads of composites.
''[[Chaff]]''. A small thin dry and membranous [[scale]] or [[bract]]; in particular, the bracts in the [[flower]]-heads of composites.
+
+''[[Champain]]''. Expanse of flat, open countryside.
''[[Channeled]]''. Deeply grooved lengthwise; [[canaliculate]].
''[[Channeled]]''. Deeply grooved lengthwise; [[canaliculate]].
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''[[Ecalcarate]]''. Without [[calcar]] or [[spur]].
''[[Ecalcarate]]''. Without [[calcar]] or [[spur]].
−''[[Ecology]]''. Study of habits and modes of life of animals and plants.
+''[[Ecology]]''. Study of habits and modes of life of animals and plants and their relationships to one another.
''[[Ecostate]]''. Without ribs.
''[[Ecostate]]''. Without ribs.
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''[[Graft]]''. A [[branch]] or [[bud]] inserted on another plant with the intention that it shall grow there; [[cion]].
''[[Graft]]''. A [[branch]] or [[bud]] inserted on another plant with the intention that it shall grow there; [[cion]].
−''[[Grafting]]''. The process of inserting a [[cion]] in a plant with the intention that it shall grow there. See ''[[Budding]]''.
+''[[Grafting]]''. The process of inserting a [[cion]] [also spelled [scion]]in a plant with the intention that it shall grow there. See ''[[Budding]]''.
''[[Granular]], granulose''. Covered with very small grains; minutely or finely mealy.
''[[Granular]], granulose''. Covered with very small grains; minutely or finely mealy.
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==R==
==R==
{{compactTOC2}}
{{compactTOC2}}
−''[[Raceme]]''. A simple elongated indeterminate cluster with stalked flowers.
+''[[Raceme]]''. A simple elongated [[indeterminate]] [[cluster]] with [[stalk]]ed [[flower]]s.
−''[[Rachilla]], rhachilla''. A diminutive or secondary axis, or rachis; in particular, in the grasses and sedges the axis that bears the florets.
+''[[Rachilla]], rhachilla''. A diminutive or secondary [[axis]], or [[rachis]]; in particular, in the [[grass]]es and [[sedge]]s the [[axis]] that bears the [[floret]]s.
−''[[Rachis]]''. Axis bearing flowers or leaflets; petiole of a fern frond (plural rachides or rachises).
+''[[Rachis]]''. [[Axis]] bearing [[flower]]s or [[leaflet]]s; [[petiole]] of a [[fern]] [[frond]] (plural ''rachides'' or ''rachises'').
−''[[Radiate]]''. Standing on and spreading from a common center; also, with ray-flowers, as in the Composite.
+''[[Radiate]]''. Standing on and spreading from a common center; also, with ray-[[flower]]s, as in the [[Compositae]].
−''[[Radical]]''. Belonging or pertaining to the root.
+''[[Radical]]''. Belonging or pertaining to the [[root]].
−''[[Radicle]]''. The inferior or downward part of the embryo below the cotyledons; caudicle.
+''[[Radicle]]''. The [[inferior]] or downward part of the [[embryo]] below the [[cotyledon]]s; [[caudicle]].
−''[[Radix]]''. Root.
+''[[Radix]]''. [[Root]].
−''[[Rameal]]''. Pertaining to a branch or branches.
+''[[Rameal]]''. Pertaining to a [[branch]] or branches.
−''[[Ramenia]]''. Chaffy loose scales borne on leaves and stems, as on the stems of ferns.
+''[[Ramenia]]''. Chaffy loose scales borne on [[leaves]] and [[stem]]s, as on the stems of [[fern]]s.
−''[[Ramification]]''. The mode or style of branching of a plant.
+''[[Ramification]]''. The mode or style of [[branch]]ing of a plant.
−''[[Raphe]], rhaphe''. The cord or ridge of fibro-vascular tissue connecting the hilum and chaluza on a seed (when the hilum and chalaza are separated).
+''[[Raphe]], rhaphe''. The cord or ridge of fibro-vascular tissue connecting the [[hilum]] and [[chaluza]] on a [[seed]] (when the hilum and chalaza are separated).
−''[[Ray]]''. Outer modified florets of some composites, with an extended or strap-like part to the corolla; also thebranches of an umbel or umbel-like cluster.
+''[[Ray]]''. Outer modified [[floret]]s of some [[composite]]s, with an extended or strap-like part to the [[corolla]]; also the branches of an [[umbel]] or umbel-like [[cluster]].
−''[[Receptacle]]''. Torus; the more or less enlarged or elongated end of the stem or flower-axis on which some or all of the flower-parts are borne; sometimes the receptacle is greatly expanded, as in the Composite; sometimes it assumes capsule-like forms, as in the hypanthium of the rose.
+''[[Receptacle]]''. [[Torus]]; the more or less enlarged or elongated end of the [[stem]] or [[flower]]-[[axis]] on which some or all of the flower-parts are borne; sometimes the receptacle is greatly expanded, as in the [[CompositAe]]; sometimes it assumes capsule-like forms, as in the [[hypanthium]] of the [[rose]].
''[[Reclinate]], reclining''. Bent down or falling back from the perpendicular.
''[[Reclinate]], reclining''. Bent down or falling back from the perpendicular.
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''[[Reflexed]]''. Abruptly recurved or bent downward or backward.
''[[Reflexed]]''. Abruptly recurved or bent downward or backward.
−''[[Regular flower]]''. With the parts in each series or set alike; aa stamens all like each other, petals all like each other.
+''[[Regular flower]]''. With the parts in each series or set alike; as [[stamen]]s all like each other, [[petal]]s all like each other.
−''[[Reinforced fruit]]''. With other parts grown to the pericarp.
+''[[Reinforced fruit]]''. With other parts grown to the [[pericarp]].
''[[Remote]]''. Separated by spaces longer than common.
''[[Remote]]''. Separated by spaces longer than common.
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''[[Reniform]]''. Kidney-shaped.
''[[Reniform]]''. Kidney-shaped.
−''[[Repent]]''. Creeping; rooting at the joints.
+''[[Repent]]''. Creeping; [[root]]ing at the [[joint]]s.
''[[Resupinate]]''. Upside down; turned over.
''[[Resupinate]]''. Upside down; turned over.
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''[[Retrorse]]''. Bent or turned over back or downward.
''[[Retrorse]]''. Bent or turned over back or downward.
−''[[Revolute]]''. Rolled backward, margin rolled toward lower side. See Involute.
+''[[Revolute]]''. Rolled backward, margin rolled toward lower side. See ''[[Involute]]''.
−''[[Rhachis]]''. See [[Rachis]].
+''[[Rhachis]]''. See ''[[Rachis]]''.
−''[[Rhaphe]]''. See [[Raphe]].
+''[[Rhaphe]]''. See ''[[Raphe]]''.
−''[[Rhizome]]''. Underground stem; rootstock.
+''[[Rhizome]]''. Underground [[stem]]; [[rootstock]].
−''[[Rhizos]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying root.
+''[[Rhizos]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying [[root]].
−''[[Rib]]''. In a leaf or similar organ, the primary vein; also any prominent vein or nerve.
+''[[Rib]]''. In a [[leaf]] or similar organ, the primary vein; also any prominent vein or nerve.
''[[Rimose]]''. With cracks or chinks.
''[[Rimose]]''. With cracks or chinks.
−''[[Ringent]]''. Gaping; said of labiate flowers with an open throat or mouth.
+''[[Ringent]]''. Gaping; said of [[labiate]] [[flower]]s with an open throat or mouth.
−''[[Rootstock]]''. Subterranean stem; rhizome.
+''[[Rootstock]]''. Subterranean [[stem]]; [[rhizome]].
−''[[Rostellum]]''. A little beak; particularly a projection above the stigma in the orchid flower.
+''[[Rostellum]]''. A little beak; particularly a projection above the [[stigma]] in the [[orchid]] [[flower]].
−''[[Rosula]]''. A rosette, or dense more or less flat imbricated cluster of leaves.
+''[[Rosula]]''. A [[rosette]], or dense more or less flat [[imbricated]] [[cluster]] of [[leaves]].
−''[[Rosulate]]''. In a rosula or rosette.
+''[[Rosulate]]''. In a [[rosula]] or [[rosette]].
''[[Rotate]]''. Wheel-shaped; with short or obsolete tube and a flat and circular limb.
''[[Rotate]]''. Wheel-shaped; with short or obsolete tube and a flat and circular limb.
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''[[Rudimentary]]''. Incomplete; very little developed.
''[[Rudimentary]]''. Incomplete; very little developed.
−''[[Ruminated]]''. Chewed; particularly applied to wrinkled albumen in seeds that are irregularly channeled or pierced, as in nutmeg and in annona fruits.
+''[[Ruminated]]''. Chewed; particularly applied to wrinkled [[albumen]] in [[seed]]s that are irregularly channeled or pierced, as in [[nutmeg]] and in [[annona]] [[fruit]]s.
−''[[Runcinate]]''. Said of sharply lobed or cut leaves that have the segments directed backward.
+''[[Runcinate]]''. Said of sharply lobed or cut [[leaves]] that have the segments directed backward.
−''[[Runner]]''. A slender trailing shoot taking root at the nodes.
+''[[Runner]]''. A slender trailing [[shoot]] taking [[root]] at the [[node]]s.
==S==
==S==
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''[[Sabulose]]''. Growing in or pertaining to sandy places.
''[[Sabulose]]''. Growing in or pertaining to sandy places.
−''[[Saggitate]]''. Like an arrowhead in form; triangular with the basal lobes pointing downward.
+''[[Saggitate]]''. Like an arrowhead in [[form]]; triangular with the [[basal]] [[lobe]]s pointing downward.
−''[[Salver-shaped]]''. With a slender tube and an abruptly expanded flat limb, as that of the phlox; hypocratcriform.
+''[[Salver-shaped]]''. With a slender tube and an abruptly expanded flat limb, as that of the [[phlox]]; [[hypocrateriform]].
−''[[Samara]]''. Indehiscent winged pericarp, as of the maple.
+''[[Samara]]''. [[Indehiscent]] winged [[pericarp]], as of the [[maple]].
''[[Sap]]''. The watery contents of a plant; an indefinite and undescriptive term little used by botanists.
''[[Sap]]''. The watery contents of a plant; an indefinite and undescriptive term little used by botanists.
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''[[Scabrous]]''. Rough; feeling roughish or gritty to the touch.
''[[Scabrous]]''. Rough; feeling roughish or gritty to the touch.
−''[[Scale]]''. A name given to many kinds of small mostly dry and appressed leaves or bracts; a vestige.
+''[[Scale]]''. A name given to many kinds of small mostly dry and appressed [[leaves]] or [[bracts]]; a vestige.
−''[[Scape]]''. Leafless peduncle arising from the ground; it may bear scales or bracts but no foliage-leaves, and may be one- or many-flowered.
+''[[Scape]]''. [[Leafless]] [[peduncle]] arising from the ground; it may bear scales or [[bract]]s but no [[foliage]]-[[leaves]], and may be one- or many-[[flower]]ed.
−''[[Scarious]]''. Leaf-like parts or bracts that are not green, but thin, dry, and membranaceous, often more or less translucent.
+''[[Scarious]]''. [[Leaf]]-like parts or [[bract]]s that are not green, but thin, dry, and membranaceous, often more or less translucent.
−''[[Scion]]''. See Cion.
+''[[Scion]]''. See ''[[Cion]]''.
''[[Scleroid]]''. Of a hard texture.
''[[Scleroid]]''. Of a hard texture.
−''[[Scorpioid]]''. Said of a cluster in which the flowers are 2- ranked and borne alternately at the right and the left.
+''[[Scorpioid]]''. Said of a [[cluster]] in which the [[flower]]s are 2-ranked and borne alternately at the right and the left.
−''[[Seed]]''. The ripened ovule; the essential part is the embryo, and this is contained within integuments.
+''[[Seed]]''. The ripened [[ovule]]; the essential part is the [[embryo]], and this is contained within integuments.
−''[[Seedling]]''. A young plant raised from seed; a plant direct from seed without the intervention of grafting of any kind.
+''[[Seedling]]''. A young plant raised from [[seed]]; a plant direct from seed without the intervention of [[graft]]ing of any kind.
−''[[Segment]]''. One of the parts of a leaf, petal, calyx or perianth that is divided but not truly compound.
+''[[Segment]]''. One of the parts of a [[leaf]], [[petal]], [[calyx]] or [[perianth]] that is divided but not truly compound.
−''[[Self-fertilization]]''. Secured by pollen from same flower; close-fertilization.
+''[[Self-fertilization]]''. Secured by [[polle]]n from same [[flower]]; close-fertilization.
−''[[Self-pollination]]''. Transfer of pollen from stamen to pistil of same flower; close-pollination.
+''[[Self-pollination]]''. Transfer of [[pollen]] from [[stamen]] to [[pistil]] of same [[flower]]; close-pollination.
−''[[Sepal]]''. One of the separate leaves of a calyx.
+''[[Sepal]]''. One of the separate [[leaves]] of a [[calyx]].
−''[[Separation]]''. Multiplication of plants by means of naturally detachable asexual bodies or organs, as offsets, stolons.
+''[[Separation]]''. Multiplication of plants by means of naturally detachable asexual bodies or organs, as [[offset]]s, [[stolon]]s.
''[[Septate]]''. Partitioned; divided by partitions.
''[[Septate]]''. Partitioned; divided by partitions.
−''[[Septicidal]]''. Dehiscence along or in the partitions, not directly into the locule.
+''[[Septicidal]]''. [[Dehiscence]] along or in the partitions, not directly into the [[locule]].
''[[Septum]]''. A partition.
''[[Septum]]''. A partition.
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''[[Sessile]]''. Not stalked; sitting.
''[[Sessile]]''. Not stalked; sitting.
−''[[Set]]''. Applied loosely to vegetative parts used in propagation, as to offsets, layers, root-cuttings.
+''[[Set]]''. Applied loosely to vegetative parts used in [[propagation]], as to [[offset]]s, layers, [[root]]-[[cutting]]s.
''[[Seta]]''. A bristle.
''[[Seta]]''. A bristle.
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''[[Sheath]]''. Any long or more or less tubular structure surrounding an organ or part.
''[[Sheath]]''. Any long or more or less tubular structure surrounding an organ or part.
−''[[Shoot]]''. A new plant from the root of the old plant; also any growing twig or axis.
+''[[Shoot]]''. A new plant from the [[root]] of the old plant; also any growing [[twig]] or [[axis]].
−''[[Shrub]]''. A woody plant that remains low and produces shoots or trunks from the base.
+''[[Shrub]]''. A woody plant that remains low and produces [[shoot]]s or [[trunk]]s from the base.
−''[[Silicle]]''. The short fruit of certain Cruciferte.
+''[[Silicle]]''. The short [[fruit]] of certain [[Cruciferae]].
−''[[Silique]]''. The long fruit of certain Crucifera;.
+''[[Silique]]''. The long [[fruit]] of certain [[Cruciferae]].
−''[[Silky]]''. A condition produced by a covering of soft appressed fine hairs; sericeus.
+''[[Silky]]''. A condition produced by a covering of soft appressed fine hairs; [[sericeus]].
''[[Silvery]]''. With a whitish metallic more or less shining luster.
''[[Silvery]]''. With a whitish metallic more or less shining luster.
−''[[Simple pistil]]''. Of one carpel.
+''[[Simple pistil]]''. Of one [[carpel]].
−''[[Sinus]]''. The space or recess between two lobes of a leaf or other expanded organ.
+''[[Sinus]]''. The space or recess between two [[lobe]]s of a [[leaf]] or other expanded organ.
−''[[Slip]]''. A softwood cutting "slipped" off or pulled off; applied also to similar parts cut off.
+''[[Slip]]''. A [[softwood]] [[cutting]] "slipped" off or pulled off; applied also to similar parts cut off.
−''[[Smooth]]''. Said of surfaces that have no hairiness, roughness or pubescence, particularly of those not rough.
+''[[Smooth]]''. Said of surfaces that have no hairiness, roughness or [[pubescence]], particularly of those not rough.
''[[Solitary]]''. Borne singly or alone.
''[[Solitary]]''. Borne singly or alone.
−''[[Sorus]]''. A heap or cluster. The fruit-dots or -cluster of ferns (plural sort.)
+''[[Sorus]]''. A heap or [[cluster]]. The [[fruit]]-dots or -cluster of [[fern]]s (plural ''sori''.)
−''[[Spadix]]''. A thick or fleshy spike of certain plants, as the Araceaj, surrounded or subtended by a spathe.
+''[[Spadix]]''. A thick or fleshy spike of certain plants, as the [[Araceae]], surrounded or subtended by a [[spathe]].
''[[Span]]''. Nine inches; distance from tip of thumb to tip of little finger when the hand is spread out.
''[[Span]]''. Nine inches; distance from tip of thumb to tip of little finger when the hand is spread out.
−''[[Spathe]]''. The bract or leaf surrounding or subtending a flower-cluster or a spadix; it is sometimes colored and flower-like, as in the calla.
+''[[Spathe]]''. The [[bract]] or [[leaf]] surrounding or subtending a [[flower]]-[[cluster]] or a [[spadix]]; it is sometimes colored and flower-like, as in the [[calla]].
−''[[Spawn]]''. The dried mycelium of mushrooms used in propagation.
+''[[Spawn]]''. The dried mycelium of [[mushroom]]s used in [[propagation]].
''[[Spheroidal]]''. A solid that is nearly spherical.
''[[Spheroidal]]''. A solid that is nearly spherical.
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''[[Spiculate]]''. With a small, fleshy and erect point.
''[[Spiculate]]''. With a small, fleshy and erect point.
−''[[Spike]]''. Compact, more or less simple indeterminate, mostly elongated cluster, with flowers sessile or nearly so.
+''[[Spike]]''. Compact, more or less simple [[indeterminate]], mostly elongated [[cluster]], with [[flower]]s [[sessile]] or nearly so.
−''[[Spikelet]]''. A secondary spike; one part of a compound spike; particularly, one of the ultimate clusters in grosses.
+''[[Spikelet]]''. A secondary [[spike]]; one part of a compound spike; particularly, one of the ultimate [[cluster]]s in grosses.
−''[[Spine]]''. A strong and sharp-pointed woody body mostly arising from the wood of the stem.
+''[[Spine]]''. A strong and sharp-pointed [[woody]] body mostly arising from the [[wood]] of the [[stem]].
''[[Spinescent]]''. More or less spiny.
''[[Spinescent]]''. More or less spiny.
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''[[Spinule]]''. A little or weak spine.
''[[Spinule]]''. A little or weak spine.
−''[[Spontaneous]]''. Said of plants that have escaped from cultivation, but that do not permanently persist.
+''[[Spontaneous]]''. Said of plants that have escaped from [[cultivation]], but that do not permanently persist.
−''[[Sporangium]]''. A spore-case; a sac or body bearing spores.
+''[[Sporangium]]''. A [[spore]]-case; a sac or body bearing spores.
−''[[Spore]]''. A simple reproductive body, usually composed of a single detached cell, and containing no embryo.
+''[[Spore]]''. A simple reproductive body, usually composed of a single detached cell, and containing no [[embryo]].
−''[[Sporocarp]]''. A receptacle containing sporangia or spores.
+''[[Sporocarp]]''. A receptacle containing sporangia or [[spore]]s.
−''[[Sporophyll]]''. A spore-bearing leaf.
+''[[Sporophyll]]''. A [[spore]]-bearing [[leaf]].
''[[Spreading]]''. Standing outward or horizontally.
''[[Spreading]]''. Standing outward or horizontally.
−''[[Spur]]''. A tubular or sac-like projection from a blossom, as of a petal or sepal; it usually secretes nectar.
+''[[Spur]]''. A tubular or sac-like projection from a [[blossom]], as of a [[petal]] or [[sepal]]; it usually secretes [[nectar]].
−''[[Squama]]''. A scale.
+''[[Squama]]''. A [[scale]].
−''[[Squamella]]''. Very small squama or scale.
+''[[Squamella]]''. Very small [[squama]] or [[scale]].
−''[[Stachys]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying a spike.
+''[[Stachys]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying a [[spike]].
−''[[Stalk]]''. The stem of any organ, as the petiole, peduncle, pedicel, filament, stipe.
+''[[Stalk]]''. The [[stem]] of any [[organ]], as the [[petiole]], [[peduncle]], [[pedicel]], [[filament]], [[stipe]].
−''[[Stamen]]''. The pollen-bearing or "male" organ.
+''[[Stamen]]''. The [[pollen]]-bearing or "[[male]]" organ.
−''[[Staminate]]''. Having stamens and no pistils; male.
+''[[Staminate]]''. Having [[stamen]]s and no [[pistil]]s; [[male]].
−''[[Staminode]], staminodium''. A sterile stamen, or a structure resembling such and borne in the staminal part of the flower; in some flowers (as in Canna) staminodia are petal-like and showy.
+''[[Staminode]], staminodium''. A sterile [[stamen]], or a structure resembling such and borne in the staminal part of the [[flower]]; in some [[flower]]s (as in [[Canna]]) staminodia are [[petal]]-like and showy.
−''[[Standard]]''. The upper and broad more or less erect petal of a papilionaceous flower.
+''[[Standard]]''. The upper and broad more or less erect [[petal]] of a [[papilionaceous]] [[flower]].
−''[[Stem]]''. The main axis of a plant; leaf-bearing and flower- bearing as distinguished from the root-bearing axis.
+''[[Stem]]''. The main [[axis]] of a plant; [[leaf]]-bearing and [[flower]]- bearing as distinguished from the [[root]]-bearing axis.
−''[[Sterile flower]]''. Without pistils.
+''[[Sterile flower]]''. Without [[pistil]]s.
−''[[Stigma]]''. The part of the pistil that receives the pollen.
+''[[Stigma]]''. The part of the [[pistil]] that receives the [[pollen]].
−''[[Stigmatic]]''. Pertaining to the stigma.
+''[[Stigmatic]]''. Pertaining to the [[stigma]].
−''[[Stipe]]''. The stalk of a pistil or other small organ; also the petiole of a fern-leaf.
+''[[Stipe]]''. The stalk of a [[pistil]] or other small organ; also the [[petiole]] of a [[fern]]-[[leaf]].
−''[[Stipel]]''. Stipule of a leaflet.
+''[[Stipel]]''. [[Stipule]] of a [[leaflet]].
−''[[Stipule]]''. A basal appendage of a petiole; the three parts of a complete leaf are blade, petiole, stipules (usually 2)
+''[[Stipule]]''. A basal appendage of a [[petiole]]; the three parts of a complete [[leaf]] are [[blade]], petiole, [[stipules]] (usually 2).
−''[[Stock]]''. The part on which the cion is grafted; the strain or parentage.
+''[[Stock]]''. The part on which the [[cion]] is [[graft]]ed; the strain or parentage.
−''[[Stolon]]''. A shoot that bends to the ground and takes root; more commonly, a horizontal stem at or below surface of the ground that gives rise to a new plant at its tip.
+''[[Stolon]]''. A [[shoot]] that bends to the ground and takes [[root]]; more commonly, a horizontal [[stem]] at or below surface of the ground that gives rise to a new plant at its tip.
−''[[Stone]]''. The "pit" or putamen of a stone fruit.
+''[[Stone]]''. The "pit" or [[putamen]] of a [[stone]] [[fruit]].
−''[[Stool]]''. A clump of roots or rootstock that may be used in propagation; also an established low plant from which layers are taken.
+''[[Stool]]''. A clump of [[root]]s or [[rootstock]] that may be used in [[propagation]]; also an established low plant from which layers are taken.
−''[[Stratification]]''. The operation or method of burying seeds to keep them fresh and to soften their integuments, or to expose them without injury to frost, that they may be more readily and successfully used in propagation.
+''[[Stratification]]''. The operation or method of burying [[seed]]s to keep them fresh and to soften their integuments, or to expose them without injury to frost, that they may be more readily and successfully used in [[propagation]].
''[[Strict]]''. Straight and upright, little if any branched, often rigid.
''[[Strict]]''. Straight and upright, little if any branched, often rigid.
−''[[Strobile]]''. Cone.
+''[[Strobile]]''. [[Cone]].
+''[[Strophiole]]''. An appendage or protuberance at the [[hilum]].
−''[[Strophiole]]''. An appendage or protuberance at the hilum. Style. More or less elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and stigma.
+''[[Style]]''. More or less elongated part of the [[pistil]] between the [[ovary]] and [[stigma]].
−''[[Stylopodium]]''. Style-foot; an expansion at the base of a style, as in flowers of the Umbelliferee.
+''[[Stylopodium]]''. Style-foot; an expansion at the base of a style, as in [[flower]]s of the [[Umbelliferae]].
−''[[Sub-]]''. Ab a prefix, usually signifying somewhat, slightly or rather.
+''[[Sub-]]''. As a prefix, usually signifying ''somewhat, slightly'' or ''rather''.
''[[Subacute]]''. Somewhat or partially acute.
''[[Subacute]]''. Somewhat or partially acute.
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''[[Subcoriaceous]]''. Somewhat or approaching leathery in texture.
''[[Subcoriaceous]]''. Somewhat or approaching leathery in texture.
−''[[Subligneous]]''. Partially or somewhat woody.
+''[[Subligneous]]''. Partially or somewhat [[woody]].
−''[[Subterete]]''. Somewhat or imperfectly terete.
+''[[Subterete]]''. Somewhat or imperfectly [[terete]].
''[[Succulent]]''. Juicy; fleshy; soft and thickened in texture.
''[[Succulent]]''. Juicy; fleshy; soft and thickened in texture.
−''[[Sucker]]''. A shoot arising from the roots or beneath the surface of the ground.
+''[[Sucker]]''. A [[shoot]] arising from the [[root]]s or beneath the surface of the ground.
−''[[Suffrutescent]]''. Partially or slightly shrubby.
+''[[Suffrutescent]]''. Partially or slightly [[shrub]]by.
−''[[Suffruticose]]''. Pertaining to a low and somewhat woody plant; diminutively shrubby or fruticose; woody at base.
+''[[Suffruticose]]''. Pertaining to a low and somewhat [[woody]] plant; diminutively shrubby or [[fruticose]]; woody at base.
''[[Sulcate]]''. Grooved or furrowed lengthwise.
''[[Sulcate]]''. Grooved or furrowed lengthwise.
−''[[Superior]]''. Said of an ovary that is free from the calyx.
+''[[Superior]]''. Said of an [[ovary]] that is free from the [[calyx]].
−''[[Supernumerary]]''. Said of buds when there is more than one in an axil.
+''[[Supernumerary]]''. Said of [[bud]]s when there is more than one in an [[axil]].
−''[[Suspended]]''. Hanging from the top, as an ovule attached in the top of the locule.
+''[[Suspended]]''. Hanging from the top, as an [[ovule]] attached in the top of the [[locule]].
−''[[Suture]]''. A line or mark of splitting open; a groove marking a natural division or union; the groove lengthwise a plum or similar fruit.
+''[[Suture]]''. A line or mark of splitting open; a groove marking a natural division or union; the groove lengthwise a [[plum]] or similar [[fruit]].
−''[[Symmetrical]]''. Said of a flower that has the same number of parts in each series or circle, as five stamens, five petals.
+''[[Symmetrical]]''. Said of a [[flower]] that has the same number of parts in each series or circle, as five [[stamen]]s, five [[petal]]s.
−''[[Symphysis]]''. Growing together; coalescence.
+''[[Symphysis]]''. Growing together; coalescence.
−''[[Sympodial]]''. Axial growth continued by successive lateral shoots instead of by terminal bud.
+''[[Sympodial]]''. Axial growth continued by successive lateral [[shoot]]s instead of by terminal [[bud]].
−''[[Syncarpium]]''. A fruit consisting of many cohering or consolidated carpels.
+''[[Syncarpium]]''. A [[fruit]] consisting of many cohering or consolidated [[carpel]]s.
−''[[Syncarpous]]''. Having carpels united. See Apocarpus.
+''[[Syncarpous]]''. Having [[carpel]]s united. See ''[[Apocarpus]]''.
−''[[Syngenesious]]''. Anthers united in a ring, as in Compositae.
+''[[Syngenesious]]''. [[Anther]]s united in a ring, as in [[Compositae]].
==T==
==T==
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''[[Tapering]]''. Gradually becoming smaller or diminishing in diameter or width toward one end.
''[[Tapering]]''. Gradually becoming smaller or diminishing in diameter or width toward one end.
−''[[Tap-root]]''. A strong nearly or quite perpendicular main root that carries the plant axis straight into the ground, all the other roots being secondary to it, rather than branching equally or diversely at the crown.
+''[[Tap-root]]''. A strong nearly or quite perpendicular main [[root]] that carries the plant axis straight into the ground, all the other roots being secondary to it, rather than branching equally or diversely at the [[crown]].
−''[[Taxonomy]]''. Classification of species.
+''[[Taxonomy]]''. [[Classification]] of [[species]].
−''[[Tendril]]''. A rotating or twisting thread-like process or extension by which a plant grasps an object and clings to it for support; morphologically it may be stem or leaf.
+''[[Tendril]]''. A rotating or twisting thread-like process or extension by which a plant grasps an object and clings to it for support; morphologically it may be [[stem]] or [[leaf]].
''[[Teratology]]''. The subject of monstrosities, or of abnormal and aberrant forms and malformations.
''[[Teratology]]''. The subject of monstrosities, or of abnormal and aberrant forms and malformations.
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''[[Ternate]]''. In threes.
''[[Ternate]]''. In threes.
−''[[Testa]]''. The outer seed-coat, particularly when bony, hard or brittle.
+''[[Testa]]''. The outer [[seed]]-coat, particularly when bony, hard or brittle.
−''[[Tetradynamous]]''. Six stamens, four being long and two short.
+''[[Tetradynamous]]''. Six [[stamen]]s, four being long and two short.
''[[Tetragonal]]''. Four-angled.
''[[Tetragonal]]''. Four-angled.
−''[[Thallus]]''. A flat leaf-like organ; in some cryptogams, the entire cellular plant body without differentiation as to stem and foliage.
+''[[Thallus]]''. A flat [[leaf]]-like organ; in some cryptogams, the entire cellular plant body without differentiation as to [[stem]] and [[foliage]].
−''[[Throat]]''. The opening or orifice into a gamopetalous corolla, or perianth; the place where the limb joins the tube.
+''[[Throat]]''. The opening or orifice into a [[gamopetalous]] [[corolla]], or [[perianth]]; the place where the limb joins the tube.
−''[[Thyrse]], thyrsus''. Compact and more or less compound panicle; more correctly a panicle-like cluster with main axis indeterminate and other parts determinate.
+''[[Thyrse]], thyrsus''. Compact and more or less compound [[panicle]]; more correctly a panicle-like [[cluster]] with main axis [[indeterminate]] and other parts [[determinate]].
−''[[Tip]]''. The plant arising at the end of a stolon, as in the black raspberry.
+''[[Tip]]''. The plant arising at the end of a [[stolon]], as in the black [[raspberry]].
−''[[Tomentose]]''. With tomentum; densely woolly or pubescent; with matted soft wool-like hairiness.
+''[[Tomentose]]''. With tomentum; densely [[woolly]] or pubescent; with matted soft wool-like hairiness.
−''[[Tomentulose]]''. Somewhat or delicately tomentose.
+''[[Tomentulose]]''. Somewhat or delicately [[tomentose]].
−''[[Tortuous]]''. Twisted; with irregular bending and twining.
+''[[Tortuous]]''. Twisted; with irregular bending and [[twining]].
''[[Torus]]''. Receptacle.
''[[Torus]]''. Receptacle.
−''[[Tree]]''. A woody plant that produces one main trunk and a more or less distinct and elevated head.
+''[[Tree]]''. A [[woody]] plant that produces one main [[trunk]] and a more or less distinct and elevated head.
''[[Tri-]]''. Three or three times.
''[[Tri-]]''. Three or three times.
−''[[Tricarpous]]''. Of three carpels or fruits.
+''[[Tricarpous]]''. Of three [[carpel]]s or [[fruit]]s.
''[[Trichome]]''. A hair, particularly one that is strong or stiff.
''[[Trichome]]''. A hair, particularly one that is strong or stiff.
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''[[Trifid]]''. Separated about halfway down into three parts.
''[[Trifid]]''. Separated about halfway down into three parts.
−''[[Trifoliate]]''. Of three leaves.
+''[[Trifoliate]]''. Of three [[leaves]].
−''[[Trifoliolate]]''. Of three leaflets.
+''[[Trifoliolate]]''. Of three [[leaflet]]s.
''[[Trigonous]]''. Three-angled.
''[[Trigonous]]''. Three-angled.
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''[[Trimerous]]''. In threes.
''[[Trimerous]]''. In threes.
−''[[Trimorphous]]''. In three forms; as three lengths of stamens.
+''[[Trimorphous]]''. In three forms; as three lengths of [[stamen]]s.
−''[[Tripinnate]]''. Three times pinnate.
+''[[Tripinnate]]''. Three times [[pinnate]].
''[[Trisected]]''. In three deeply cut parts.
''[[Trisected]]''. In three deeply cut parts.
−''[[Triternate]]''. Three times three; the leaflets or segments of a twice ternate leaf again in three parts.
+''[[Triternate]]''. Three times three; the [[leaflet]]s or segments of a twice [[ternate]] [[leaf]] again in three parts.
''[[Truncate]]''. Appearing as if cut off at the end; the end nearly or quite straight across.
''[[Truncate]]''. Appearing as if cut off at the end; the end nearly or quite straight across.
−''[[Tuber]]''. A short congested part; usually defined as subterranean (as of a rootstock), although this is not essential.
+''[[Tuber]]''. A short congested part; usually defined as subterranean (as of a [[rootstock]]), although this is not essential.
−''[[Tubercle]]''. .A small tuber, or rounded protruding body.
+''[[Tubercle]]''. .A small [[tuber]], or rounded protruding body.
−''[[Tuberiferous]]''. Tuber-bearing.
+''[[Tuberiferous]]''. [[Tuber]]-bearing.
−''[[Tuberous]]''. With or resembling a tuber or tubers.
+''[[Tuberous]]''. With or resembling a [[tuber]] or tubers.
''[[Tumid]]''. Swollen.
''[[Tumid]]''. Swollen.
−''[[Tunicated]]''. Provided with concentric or enwrapping coats or layers, as bulb of onion.
+''[[Tunicated]]''. Provided with concentric or enwrapping coats or layers, as [[bulb]] of [[onion]].
''[[Turgid]]''. Swollen from fullness.
''[[Turgid]]''. Swollen from fullness.
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==U==
==U==
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{{compactTOC2}}
−''[[Umbel]]''. Corymbose or indeterminate cluster with branches or rays arising from a common point and about equal in length, resembling framework of umbrella; umbels are characteristic of the Umbellifera.
+''[[Umbel]]''. Corymbose or [[indeterminate]] [[cluster]] with [[branch]]es or rays arising from a common point and about equal in length, resembling framework of umbrella; [[umbel]]s are characteristic of the [[Umbellifera]].
−''[[Umbellate]]''. Umbelled; with umbels; pertaining to umbels.
+''[[Umbellate]]''. Umbelled; with [[umbel]]s; pertaining to umbels.
−''[[Umbellet]]''. Secondary umbel.
+''[[Umbellet]]''. Secondary [[umbel]].
−''[[Umbellule]]''. Umbellet.
+''[[Umbellule]]''. [[Umbel]]let.
''[[Uni-]]''. One.
''[[Uni-]]''. One.
−''[[Unisexual]]''. Of one sex; staminate or pistillate only.
+''[[Unisexual]]''. Of one sex; [[staminate]] or [[pistillate]] only.
−''[[Utricle]]''. A small bladder; a bladdery 1-seeded fruit.
+''[[Utricle]]''. A small bladder; a bladdery 1-[[seed]]ed [[fruit]].
==V==
==V==
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{{compactTOC2}}
−''[[Valvate]]''. Opening by valves or pertaining to valves; meeting by the edges without overlapping, as leaves or petals in the bud.
+''[[Valvate]]''. Opening by valves or pertaining to valves; meeting by the edges without overlapping, as [[leaves]] or [[petal]]s in the [[bud]].
−''[[Valve]]''. A separable part of a pod; the units or pieces into which a capsule splits or divides in dehiscing.
+''[[Valve]]''. A separable part of a [[pod]]; the units or pieces into which a capsule splits or divides in [[dehiscing]].
''[[Vascular]]''. With vessels or ducts, or relating to them.
''[[Vascular]]''. With vessels or ducts, or relating to them.
−''[[Vein]]''. A branch of the evident woody framework of a leaf or similar organ; secondary member of the fibro-vascular structure.
+''[[Vein]]''. A [[branch]] of the evident [[woody]] framework of a [[leaf]] or similar organ; secondary member of the fibro-vascular structure.
''[[Veinlet]]''. A small or slender vein; nerve.
''[[Veinlet]]''. A small or slender vein; nerve.
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''[[Ventral]]''. Front; relating to the anterior or inner face or part of an organ; opposite the back or dorsal part.
''[[Ventral]]''. Front; relating to the anterior or inner face or part of an organ; opposite the back or dorsal part.
−''[[Vernation]]''. The disposition or arrangement of leaves in the bud.
+''[[Vernation]]''. The disposition or arrangement of [[leaves]] in the [[bud]].
−''[[Versatile]]''. Hung or attached near the middle and usually moving freely, as an anther attached crosswise on the apex of filament and capable of turning.
+''[[Versatile]]''. Hung or attached near the middle and usually moving freely, as an [[anther]] attached crosswise on the apex of [[filament]] and capable of turning.
−''[[Verticil]]''. A whorl.
+''[[Verticil]]''. A [[whorl]].
''[[Vesicle]]''. A little bladder or bladder-like cavity.
''[[Vesicle]]''. A little bladder or bladder-like cavity.
−''[[Vexillary]]''. Pertaining to the vexillum, standard or banner of a papilionaceous flower.
+''[[Vexillary]]''. Pertaining to the vexillum, standard or banner of a [[papilionaceous]] [[flower]].
''[[Villous]]''. Provided with long and soft, not matted, hairs; shaggy.
''[[Villous]]''. Provided with long and soft, not matted, hairs; shaggy.
−''[[Vitta]]''. An oil-tube, as in the fruits of Umbelliferse.
+''[[Vitta]]''. An oil-tube, as in the fruits of [[Umbelliferae]].
−''[[Vittate]]''. With vitte; also striped lengthwise.
+''[[Vittate]]''. With [[vitta]]e; also striped lengthwise.
''[[Volute]]''. Rolled up.
''[[Volute]]''. Rolled up.
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==W==
==W==
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{{compactTOC2}}
−''[[Watersprout]]''. A strong rapid-growing adventitious shoot in a tree-top or bush or on a trunk.
+''[[Watersprout]]''. A strong rapid-growing adventitious [[shoot]] in a [[tree]]-top or [[bush]] or on a [[trunk]].
−''[[Whorl]]''. Three or more leaves or flowers at one node, in a circle.
+''[[Whorl]]''. Three or more [[leaves]] or [[flower]]s at one [[node]], in a circle.
−''[[Wing]]''. A thin dry or membranous expansion or flat extension or appendage of an organ; also the lateral petal of a papilionaceous flower.
+''[[Wing]]''. A thin dry or membranous expansion or flat extension or appendage of an organ; also the lateral [[petal]] of a [[papilionaceous]] [[flower]].
−''[[Woolly]]''. Provided with long, soft and more or less matted hairs; like wool; lanate.
+''[[Woolly]]''. Provided with long, soft and more or less matted hairs; like wool; [[lanate]].
−''[[Wort]]''. Old word for a plant or herb; now used only in combination, as mother-wort, spiderviort, liverwort.
+''[[Wort]]''. Old word for a plant or [[herb]]; now used only in combination, as [[mother-wort]], [[spiderwort]], [[liverwort]].