Difference between revisions of "Abutilon"

Revision as of 03:47, 5 September 2008

Abutilon

Abutilon megapotamicum

Plant Info

Common name(s):		Flowering Maple, Chinese Bellflower, Chinese Lanter
Growth habit:		Evergreen Vine-Shrub
Lifespan:	⌛	varies to species
Exposure:	☼	Sun, part-shade in hot summer areas
Water:	☂	regular to moderate
Features:	❀	Flowers, Fragrance, Naturalizes
Hardiness:	❆	Frost sensitive
Sunset Zones:		8, 9, 12-27

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Malvales
Family:	Malvaceae
Genus:	Abutilon Mill.

Abutilon is a large genus of about 150 species of broadleaf evergreens in the mallow family (Malvaceae). The genus includes annuals, perennials, shrubs, and small trees ranging from 1-10 m tall, and can be found wild in the tropical and subtropical regions of all continents. Leaves are alternate, unlobed or palmately lobed with 3-7 lobes. The flowers are conspicuous, have five petals, and come mostly in red, pink, orange, yellow or white.

Common names include Abutilon, Chinese Bell Flower, Chinese Lantern, Mallow, Indian Mallow, and Flowering Maple. The names with maple refer to the maple-like leaves of some species, though the genus is not related to true maples).

Species

A. abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke (Bushy Abutilon).^[1]
A. albescens Miq.
A. auritum (Wall. ex Link) Sweet (Asian Indian Mallow)
A. bedfordianum (Hook.) A. St.-Hil. (Bedford's Mallow)
A. berlandieri Gray ex S. Watson (Berlandier's Indian Mallow)
A. bidentatum A. Rich.
A. buchii Urb.
A. darwinii Hook.f. (Darwin's Mallow)
A. eremitopetalum Caum (Hiddenpetal Indian Mallow)
A. fruticosum Guill. & Perr. (Texas Indian Mallow)
A. giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet
A. grandiflorum G. Don
A. grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet (Hairy Indian Mallow)
A. hirtum (Lam.) Sweet (Hairy Abutilon).^[2]
A. hulseanum Torr. ex A. Gray
A. hypoleucum A. Gray (Whiteleaf Indian Mallow)
A. incanum (Link) Sweet (Hoary Abutilon, Pelotazo)
A. indicum (L.) Sweet (Indian Mallow)
A. insigne Planch.
A. julianae Endl.
A. leonardi Urb. (Woolly Abutilon)
A. leucopetalum (F. Muell.) F. Muell. ex Benth.
A. longicuspe Hochst. ex A. Rich.
A. malacum S. Watson (Yellow Indian Mallow)
A. mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik.
A. megapotamicum A. St.-Hil. & Naudin (Trailing Abutilon)
A. menziesii Seem. (Ko'oloa'ula)
A. mollicomum (Willd.) Sweet (Sonoran Indian Mallow)
A. mollissimum
A. niveum Griseb. (White-flowered Abutilon)
A. ochsenii Phil.
A. palmeri A. Gray (Palmer's Indian Mallow)
A. parishii A. Watson (Parish's Indian Mallow)
A. parvulum A. Gray (Dwarf Indian Mallow)
A. pauciflorum A. St.-Hil. (Woolly Abutilon).^[3]
A. permolle (Willd.) Sweet (Velvety Abutilon).^[4]
A. pictum (Gillies ex Hook.) Walp. (Redvein Abutilon, Red Vein Indian Mallow; syn. A. striatum)
A. purpurascens (Link) K. Schum.
A. reflexum (Juss. ex Cav.) Sweet
A. ramiflorum A. St.-Hil.
A. reventum S. Watson (Yellowflower Indian Mallow)
A. sachetianum Fosberg
A. sandwicense (O. Deg.) Christoph. (Greenflower Indian Mallow)
A. sellowianum (Klotzsch) Regel
A. theophrasti Medik. (Velvetleaf, Indian Mallow, Butterweed)
A. thurberi A. Gray (Thurber's Indian Mallow)
A. thyrsodendron Griseb.
A. trisulcatum (Jacq.) Britton & Millsp.^[5]
A. venosum Lem.
A. virginianum Krapov. (Virgin Islands Abutilon)
A. vitifolium
A. wrightii A. Gray

Hybrids

Abutilon x hybridum ("Chinese Lantern"; unknown parentage).
Abutilon x milleri (A. megapotamicum x A. pictum).
Abutilon x suntense (A. ochsenii x A. vitifolium).

Cultivation

Abutilons are popular garden plants in subtropical areas. The hardiest species, A. ochsenii and A. vitifolium from Chile, are hardy in warm temperate areas with moderate frost down to about -10°C.

Abutilon x hybridum is a popular group of hybrids that are semi-tropical, frost-tender shrubs typically growing 2-3 m tall. The lantern-like buds open to solitary, pendulous, bell- to cup-shaped flowers to 8 cm diameter with five overlapping petals and significant staminal columns typical of the mallow family. Flowers come in red, pink, yellow, white and pastel shades. Lobed, maple-like, light green leaves are often variegated with white and yellow.

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Abutilon species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Yellow-banded Skipper (which feeds exclusively on A. avicennae) and Chionodes mariona.

Uses

History

Taxonomy

Distribution and habitat

References

Gallery

A. incanum (Hoary Abutilon)
Flower of A. megapotamicum
A. menziesii (Kooloaula)
A. menziesii flowers
A. pictum

Notes

↑ Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265
↑ Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265
↑ Britton & Millspaugh, p. 266
↑ Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265
↑ Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265–266

References

Britton, Nathaniel Lord; Charles Frederick Millspaugh (1920). "Malvaceae". The Bahama Flora. pp. 264–.

External links

[1] Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265

[2] Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265

[3] Britton & Millspaugh, p. 266

[4] Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265

[5] Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265–266

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Taxobox
-| color = lightgreen
 | name = ''Abutilon''
+| common_names = Flowering Maple, Chinese Bellflower, Chinese Lanter
+| growth_habit = Evergreen Vine-Shrub
+| lifespan = varies to species
+| exposure = Sun, part-shade in hot summer areas
+| water = regular to moderate
+| features = Flowers, Fragrance, Naturalizes
+| hardiness = Frost sensitive
+| sunset_zones = 8, 9, 12-27
 | image = Abutilonmegapotamicum1web.jpg
-| image_width = 250px
 | image_caption = ''Abutilon megapotamicum''
 | regnum = [[Plant]]ae
@@ Line 11: / Line 17: @@
 | familia = [[Malvaceae]]
 | genus = '''''Abutilon'''''
-| genus_authority = [[Gerrit Smith Miller|Miller]]
+| genus_authority = [[Mill.]]
-| subdivision_ranks = Species
-| subdivision =
-''About 150 species; see text.''
 }}
-'''''Abutilon''''' is a large genus of about 150 species of broadleaf [[evergreen]]s in the [[mallow]] family ([[Malvaceae]]). The genus includes [[Annual plant|annuals]], [[perennial]]s, [[shrub]]s, and small [[tree]]s from 1-10 m tall, and is found in the tropical and subtropical regions of all continents. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, unlobed or palmately lobed with 3-7 lobes. The [[flower]]s are conspicuous, with five petals, mostly red, pink, orange, yellow or white.
+'''''Abutilon''''' is a large [[genus]] of about 150 species of broadleaf [[evergreen]]s in the [[mallow]] family ([[Malvaceae]]). The genus includes [[Annual plant|annuals]], [[Perennial plant|perennials]], [[shrub]]s, and small [[tree]]s ranging from 1-10 m tall, and can be found wild in the tropical and subtropical regions of all continents. [[leaf|Leaves]] are alternate, unlobed or palmately lobed with 3-7 lobes. The [[flower]]s are conspicuous, have five petals, and come mostly in red, pink, orange, yellow or white.
-Common names include '''Abutilon''', '''Chinese Bell Flower''', '''Chinese Lantern''', '''Mallow''', '''Indian Mallow''', and '''Flowering Maple''' (for the maple-like leaves of some species, although the genus is not related to the true [[maple]]s).
+Common names include '''Abutilon''', '''Chinese Bell Flower''', '''Chinese Lantern''', '''Mallow''', '''Indian Mallow''', and '''Flowering Maple'''.  The names with maple refer to the maple-like leaves of some species, though the genus is not related to true [[maple]]s).
-''Abutilon'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Yellow-banded Skipper]] (which feeds exclusively on ''A. avicennae'') and ''[[Chionodes|Chionodes mariona]]''.
+==Species==
+*''[[Abutilon abutiloides|A. abutiloides]]'' <small>([[Jacq.]]) [[Garcke]]</small> (Bushy Abutilon).<ref>Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265</ref>
-;Selected species
+*''[[Abutilon albescens|A. albescens]]'' <small>[[Miq.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon albescens]]''. Endemic in [[Indonesia]].
+*''[[Abutilon auritum|A. auritum]]'' <small>([[Wall.]] ex [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]) [[Robert Sweet (botanist)|Sweet]]</small> (Asian Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon auritum]]'' (Asian Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon bedfordianum|A. bedfordianum]]'' <small>([[Hook.]]) [[A. St.-Hil.]]</small> (Bedford's Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon bedfordianum]]'' (Bedford's Mallow). [[Brazil]].
+*''[[Abutilon berlandieri|A. berlandieri]]'' <small>[[Samuel Frederick Gray|Gray]] ex [[S. Watson]]</small> (Berlandier's Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon berlandieri]]'' (Berlandier's Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon bidentatum|A. bidentatum]]'' <small>[[A. Rich.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon darwinii]]'' (Darwin's Mallow). Brazil.
+*''[[Abutilon buchii|A. buchii]]'' <small>[[Urb.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon eremitopetalum]]'' (Hiddenpetal Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon darwinii|A. darwinii]]'' <small>[[Hook.f.]]</small> (Darwin's Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon fruticosum]]'' (Texas Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon eremitopetalum|A. eremitopetalum]]'' <small>[[Edward Leonard Caum|Caum]]</small> (Hiddenpetal Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon grandifolium]]'' (Hairy Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon fruticosum|A. fruticosum]]'' <small>[[Guill.]] & [[Perr.]]</small> (Texas Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon hirtum]]'' (Hairy Indian Mallow). Old World tropics; naturalised in New World tropics.
+*''[[Abutilon giganteum|A. giganteum]]'' <small>(Jacq.) Sweet</small>
-*''[[Abutilon hulseanum]]''.
+*''[[Abutilon grandiflorum|A. grandiflorum]]'' <small>[[G. Don]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon hyoleucum]]'' (Whiteleaf Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon grandifolium|A. grandifolium]]'' <small>([[Willd.]]) Sweet</small> (Hairy Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon incanum]]'' (Hoary Abutilon, Pelotazo).
+*''[[Abutilon hirtum|A. hirtum]]'' <small>([[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]) Sweet</small> (Hairy Abutilon).<ref>Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265</ref>
-*''[[Abutilon indicum]]'' (Indian Mallow). Old World tropics.
+*''[[Abutilon hulseanum|A. hulseanum]]'' <small>[[Torr.]] ex [[A. Gray]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon insigne]]''. [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]].
+*''[[Abutilon hypoleucum|A. hypoleucum]]'' <small>A. Gray</small> (Whiteleaf Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon leonardi]]'' (Woolly Abutilon).
+*''[[Abutilon incanum|A. incanum]]'' <small>(Link) Sweet</small> (Hoary Abutilon, Pelotazo)
-*''[[Abutilon malacum]]'' (Yellow Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon indicum|A. indicum]]'' <small>([[L.]]) Sweet</small> (Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon megapotamicum]]'' (Trailing Abutilon). Brazil.
+*''[[Abutilon insigne|A. insigne]]'' <small>[[Planch.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon menziesii]]'' (Ko'oloa'ula). [[Hawaii]].
+*''[[Abutilon julianae|A. julianae]]'' <small>[[Endl.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon mollicomum]]'' (Sonoran Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon leonardi|A. leonardi]]'' <small>Urb.</small> (Woolly Abutilon)
-*''[[Abutilon mollissimum]]''. South America.
+*''[[Abutilon leucopetalum|A. leucopetalum]]'' <small>([[F. Muell.]]) F. Muell. ex [[Benth.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon niveum]]''. (White-flowered Abutilon). Argentina, Bolivia.
+*''[[Abutilon longicuspe|A. longicuspe]]'' <small>[[Hochst.]] ex A. Rich.</small>
-*''[[Abutilon ochsenii]]''. [[Chile]].
+*''[[Abutilon malacum|A. malacum]]'' <small>S. Watson</small> (Yellow Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon palmeri]]'' (Palmer's Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon mauritianum|A. mauritianum]]'' <small>(Jacq.) [[Medik.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon parishii]]'' (Parish's Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon megapotamicum|A. megapotamicum]]'' <small>[[A. St.-Hil.]] & [[Naudin]]</small> (Trailing Abutilon)
-*''[[Abutilon parvulum]]'' (Dwarf Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon menziesii|A. menziesii]]'' <small>[[Seem.]]</small> (Ko'oloa'ula)
-*''[[Abutilon permolle]]'' (Coastal Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon mollicomum|A. mollicomum]]'' <small>([[Willd.]]) Sweet</small> (Sonoran Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon pictum]]'' (Redvein Abutilon, Red Vein Indian Mallow; syn. ''A. striatum''). Brazil.
+*''[[Abutilon mollissimum|A. mollissimum]]''
-*''[[Abutilon purpurascens]]''. Brazil.
+*''[[Abutilon niveum|A. niveum]]'' <small>[[Griseb.]]</small> (White-flowered Abutilon)
-*''[[Abutilon reventum]]'' (Yellowflower Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon ochsenii|A. ochsenii]]'' <small>[[Phil.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon sachetianum]]''
+*''[[Abutilon palmeri|A. palmeri]]'' <small>A. Gray</small> (Palmer's Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon sandwicense]]'' (Greenflower Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon parishii|A. parishii]]'' <small>A. Watson</small> (Parish's Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon theophrasti]]'' (Velvetleaf, Indian Mallow, Butterweed). Tropical Asia.
+*''[[Abutilon parvulum|A. parvulum]]'' <small>A. Gray</small> (Dwarf Indian Mallow)
-*''[[Abutilon thurberi]]'' (Thurber's Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon pauciflorum|A. pauciflorum]]'' <small>A. St.-Hil.</small> (Woolly Abutilon).<ref>Britton & Millspaugh, p. 266</ref>
-*''[[Abutilon thyrsodendron]]'' Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil.
+*''[[Abutilon permolle|A. permolle]]'' <small>(Willd.) Sweet</small> (Velvety Abutilon).<ref>Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265</ref>
-*''[[Abutilon trisulcatum]]'' (Anglestem Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon pictum|A. pictum]]'' <small>([[John Gillies (botanist)|Gillies]] ex Hook.) [[Walp.]]</small> (Redvein Abutilon, Red Vein Indian Mallow; syn. ''A. striatum'')
-*''[[Abutilon venosum]]''. Brazil.
+*''[[Abutilon purpurascens|A. purpurascens]]'' <small>(Link) [[K. Schum.]]</small>
-*''[[Abutilon virginianum]]'' (Virgin Islands Abutilon). [[Virgin Islands]].
+*''[[Abutilon reflexum|A. reflexum]]'' <small>([[Juss.]] ex [[Cav.]]) Sweet</small>
-*''[[Abutilon vitifolium]]''. Chile.
+*''[[Abutilon ramiflorum|A. ramiflorum]]'' <small>A. St.-Hil.</small>
-*''[[Abutilon wrightii]]'' (Wright's Indian Mallow).
+*''[[Abutilon reventum|A. reventum]]'' <small>S. Watson</small> (Yellowflower Indian Mallow)
+*''[[Abutilon sachetianum|A. sachetianum]]'' <small>[[Fosberg]]</small>
+*''[[Abutilon sandwicense|A. sandwicense]]'' <small>([[O. Deg.]]) [[Christoph.]]</small> (Greenflower Indian Mallow)
+*''[[Abutilon sellowianum|A. sellowianum]]'' <small>([[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]]) [[Eduard von Regel|Regel]]</small>
+*''[[Abutilon theophrasti|A. theophrasti]]'' <small>Medik.</small> (Velvetleaf, Indian Mallow, Butterweed)
+*''[[Abutilon thurberi|A. thurberi]]'' <small>A. Gray</small> (Thurber's Indian Mallow)
+*''[[Abutilon thyrsodendron|A. thyrsodendron]]'' <small>[[Griseb.]]</small>
+*''[[Abutilon trisulcatum|A. trisulcatum]]'' <small>(Jacq.) [[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]] & [[Millsp.]]</small><ref>Britton & Millspaugh, p. 265&ndash;266</ref>
+*''[[Abutilon venosum|A. venosum]]'' <small>[[Lem.]]</small>
+*''[[Abutilon virginianum|A. virginianum]]'' <small>[[Krapov.]]</small> (Virgin Islands Abutilon)
+*''[[Abutilon vitifolium|A. vitifolium]]''
+*''[[Abutilon wrightii|A. wrightii]]'' <small>A. Gray</small>
-;Hybrids
+==Hybrids==
 *''[[Abutilon x hybridum]]'' ("Chinese Lantern"; unknown parentage).
 *''[[Abutilon x milleri]]'' (''A. megapotamicum'' x ''A. pictum'').
 *''[[Abutilon x suntense]]'' (''A. ochsenii'' x ''A. vitifolium'').
-===Cultivation and uses===
+===Cultivation===
-Abutilons are popular [[garden]] plants in subtropical areas; the hardiest species, ''A. ochsenii'' and ''A. vitifolium'' from Chile, are hardy in warm temperate areas with moderate frost down to about -10°C.
+Abutilons are popular [[garden]] plants in subtropical areas. The hardiest species, ''A. ochsenii'' and ''A. vitifolium'' from Chile, are hardy in warm temperate areas with moderate frost down to about -10°C.
+''Abutilon x hybridum'' is a popular group of hybrids that are semi-tropical, frost-tender shrubs typically growing 2-3 m tall. The lantern-like buds open to solitary, pendulous, bell- to cup-shaped flowers to 8 cm diameter with five overlapping petals and significant staminal columns typical of the mallow family. Flowers come in red, pink, yellow, white and pastel shades. Lobed, maple-like, light green leaves are often variegated with white and yellow.
-''Abutilon x hyb
+==Propagation==
-ridum'' is a popular group of hybrids that are semi-tropical, frost-tender shrubs typically growing 2-3 m tall. The lantern-like buds open to solitary, pendulous, bell- to cup-shaped flowers to 8 cm diameter with five overlapping petals and significant staminal columns typical of the mallow family. Flowers come in red, pink, yellow, white and pastel shades. Lobed, maple-like, light green leaves are often variegated with white and yellow.
-Sow seed indoors in late winter and set out seedling plants after last frost date.
+==Pests and diseases==
-: Beds, borders, pots, window boxes or containers.
+''Abutilon'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Yellow-banded Skipper]] (which feeds exclusively on ''A. avicennae'') and ''[[Chionodes|Chionodes mariona]]''.
+==Uses==
+==History==
+==Taxonomy==
+==Distribution and habitat==
+==References==
+==Gallery==
 <gallery>
-Image:Abutilonincanum1.jpg|''Abutilon incanum'' (Hoary Abutilon)
+Image:Abutilonincanum1.jpg|''A. incanum'' (Hoary Abutilon)
-Image:Abutilon megapotamicum11.jpg|Flower of the ''Abutilon megapotamicum''
+Image:Abutilon megapotamicum11.jpg|Flower of ''A. megapotamicum''
-Image:Abutilonmenziesii1.jpg|''Abutilon menziesii'' (Kooloaula)
+Image:Abutilonmenziesii1.jpg|''A. menziesii'' (Kooloaula)
-Image:Abutilonmenziesii2web.jpg|''Abutilon menziesii'' flowers
+Image:Abutilonmenziesii2web.jpg|''A. menziesii'' flowers
-Image:Abutilonpictum1web.jpg|''Abutilon pictum''
+Image:Abutilonpictum1web.jpg|''A. pictum''
 </gallery>
+==Notes==
+{{reflist|2}}
+==References==
+*{{cite book| last=Britton | first=Nathaniel Lord | authorlink=Nathaniel Lord Britton | coauthors=[[Charles Frederick Millspaugh]] | year=1920 | chapter=Malvaceae | title=[http://books.google.com/books?id=0xhVAAAAMAAJ The Bahama Flora] | pages=264&ndash;}}
+==See also==
 ==External links==
-{{commons|Abutilon}}
 [[Category:Malvaceae]]
 [[Category:Pantropical flora]]
+[[Category:Genera]]

Difference between revisions of "Abutilon"

Revision as of 03:47, 5 September 2008

Contents

Species

Hybrids

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Uses

History

Taxonomy

Distribution and habitat

References

Gallery

Notes

References

See also

External links

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