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| − | {{Taxobox
| + | #REDIRECT [[Butternut]] |
| − | | color = lightgreen
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| − | | name = Candlenut
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| − | | image = Aleuritesmoluccana1web.jpg
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| − | | image_width = 240px
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| − | | image_caption = Candlenut (''Aleurites moluccana'') <br/>foliage, flowers and nut
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| − | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| − | | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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| − | | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| − | | ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
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| − | | familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]]
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| − | | genus = ''[[Aleurites]]''
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| − | | species = '''''A. moluccana'''''
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| − | | binomial = ''Aleurites moluccana''
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| − | | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) Willd.
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| − | }}
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| − | The '''Candlenut''' ('''''Aleurites moluccana'''''), is a [[tree]] in the family [[Euphorbiaceae]], also known as '''Candleberry''', '''Indian walnut''', '''Kemiri''', '''Varnish tree''' or '''Kuku'i nut tree'''.
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| − | Its native range is impossible to establish precisely because of early spread by man, and the tree is now widely distributed in the New and Old World tropics. It grows to a height of 15-25 m, with wide spreading or pendulous branches. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pale green, simple and ovate, or trilobed or rarely 5-lobed, with an acute apex, 10–20 cm long. The [[nut (fruit)|nut]] is round, 4–6 cm in diameter; the [[seed]] inside has a very hard seed coat and a high oil content.
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| − | ==Uses==
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| − | *The kukui nut is similar (though "rougher") in flavor and texture to the [[macadamia]] nut, which has a similarly high oil content. It is mildly toxic when raw.
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| − | *The nut is often used cooked in [[Malaysian cuisine|Malaysian]] and [[Indonesian cuisine]], where it is called ''buah keras'' or ''kemiri''. In [[Java (island)|Java]], it is used to make a thick sauce which is eaten with vegetables and rice.
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| − | *Several parts of the plant have been used in traditional medicine in most of the areas where it is native. The oil is an irritant and [[purgative]] and sometimes used like [[castor oil]]. It is also used as a hair stimulant or additive to hair treatment systems. The seed kernels have a [[laxative]] effect. In [[Japan]] its [[bark]] has been used on [[tumor]]s. In [[Sumatra]], pounded seeds, burned with charcoal, are applied around the navel for costiveness. In [[Malaya]], the pulped kernels or boiled leaves are used in poultices for headache, fevers, ulcers, swollen joints, and [[gonorrhea]]. In [[Java (island)|Java]], the bark is used for bloody [[diarrhea]] or [[dysentery]].
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| − | *In ancient Hawai'i, nuts were burned to provide light. This led to their use as a measure of time. The nuts were strung in a row on a palm leaf midrib and one end lit. One could then instruct someone to return home before the second nut burned out.
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| − | *Kukui nuts are also roasted and mixed into a paste with salt to form a Hawaiian condiment known as inamona. Inamona is a key ingredient in traditional Hawaiian poke.It's the Hawaiian state tree.<ref>[http://www.50states.com/tree/hawaii.htm State tree of Hawaii]</ref>
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| − | In Hawai'i, where it is known as ''kukui'' in the [[Hawaiian language]], the tree has spiritual significance of hope and renewal, and was involved in many legends. One such was about a woman who, despite her best efforts to please her husband, was routinely beaten. Finally, the husband beat her to death and buried her under a kukui tree. Being a kind and just woman, she was given new life, and the husband was eventually killed.
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| − | Modern cultivation is mostly for the oil. In plantations, each tree will produce 30–80 kg of nuts, and the nuts yield 15 to 20% of their weight in oil. Most of the oil is used locally rather than figuring in international trade.
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| − | ==Mythology==
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| − | The Candlenut tree is a symbol of enlightenment, protection and peace. Candlenut was considered to be the body form of [[Kamapua'a]], the pig god.
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| − | The Candlenut tree is a classic example of the wisdom of ancient voyaging [[Polynesian]]s. The plants that they chose to bring on their canoes had to serve many useful purposes. The Candlenut is such a plant.
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| − | == Note ==
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| − | *{{reflist}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | *[http://www.hear.org/pier/species/aleurites_moluccana.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk factsheet]
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| − | *[http://www.oilsofaloha.com Oils of Aloha] — A Hawaii company producing kukui and macadamia n
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| − | ut products, their website plays host to much information about both nuts.
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| − | [[Category:Euphorbiaceae]]
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| − | [[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]
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