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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Butternut
| status = {{StatusEndangered}}
| image = Butternut.jpg
| image_caption = A mature Butternut tree
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fagales]]
| familia = [[Juglandaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Walnut|Juglans]]''
| species = '''''J. cinerea'''''
| binomial = ''Juglans cinerea''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
The '''Butternut''' (''Juglans cinerea''), also occasionally known as the '''White Walnut''', is a species of [[walnut]] native to the eastern [[United States of America|United States]] and southeast [[Canada]], from southern [[Quebec]] west to [[Minnesota]], south to northern [[Alabama]] and southwest to northern [[Arkansas]]. It is a [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 20 m tall, rarely 30 m, and 40-80 cm stem diameter, with light gray [[bark]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, 40-70 cm long, with 11-17 leaflets, each leaflet 5-10 cm long and 3-5 cm broad. The whole leaf is downy-pubescent, and a somewhat brighter, yellower green than many other tree leaves. The [[flower]]s are inconspicuous yellow-green [[catkin]]s produced in spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The [[fruit]] is a [[nut (fruit)|nut]], produced in bunches of 2-6 together; the nut is oblong-ovoid, 3-6 cm long and 2-4 cm broad, surrounded by a green husk before maturity in mid autumn. Butternut grows quickly, but is rather short-lived for a tree, rarely living longer than 75 years.
[[Image:Dead Butternuts.jpg|left|thumb|Butternuts killed by butternut canker]]
The Butternut is seriously threatened by an introduced [[canker]] [[disease]], caused by the [[fungus]] ''Sirococcus clavigigenti-juglandacearum''. In some areas, 90% of the Butternut trees have been killed. Completely free-standing trees seem better able to withstand the fungus than those growing in dense stands or forest. The fungus is spread by a wide-ranging vector, so isolation of a tree offers no protection.
===Uses===
The nuts are usually used in baking and making candies, having an oily texture and pleasant flavor. The husks are also used to make a yellowish dye.
Butternut wood is light in weight and takes polish well, is highly rot resistant, but is much softer than [[Black Walnut]] wood. Oiled, the grain of the wood usually shows much light. It is often used to make [[furniture]], and is a favorite of woodcarvers.
==External links==
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500716 Flora of North America: ''Juglans cinerea'']
*[http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_but/ht_but.htm Butternut canker (US Forest Service factsheet)]
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/juci.htm ''Juglans cinerea'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirococcus_clavigignenti_juglandacearum"Butternut canker(Wikipedia)"]
[[Category:Fagales]]
[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]
[[Category:Trees of Eastern United States]]
[[Category:Trees of New Brunswick]]
[[Category:Trees of Ontario]]
[[Category:Trees of Quebec]]
[[Category:Trees of Southeastern Canada]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Butternut
| status = {{StatusEndangered}}
| image = Butternut.jpg
| image_caption = A mature Butternut tree
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fagales]]
| familia = [[Juglandaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Walnut|Juglans]]''
| species = '''''J. cinerea'''''
| binomial = ''Juglans cinerea''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
The '''Butternut''' (''Juglans cinerea''), also occasionally known as the '''White Walnut''', is a species of [[walnut]] native to the eastern [[United States of America|United States]] and southeast [[Canada]], from southern [[Quebec]] west to [[Minnesota]], south to northern [[Alabama]] and southwest to northern [[Arkansas]]. It is a [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 20 m tall, rarely 30 m, and 40-80 cm stem diameter, with light gray [[bark]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, 40-70 cm long, with 11-17 leaflets, each leaflet 5-10 cm long and 3-5 cm broad. The whole leaf is downy-pubescent, and a somewhat brighter, yellower green than many other tree leaves. The [[flower]]s are inconspicuous yellow-green [[catkin]]s produced in spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The [[fruit]] is a [[nut (fruit)|nut]], produced in bunches of 2-6 together; the nut is oblong-ovoid, 3-6 cm long and 2-4 cm broad, surrounded by a green husk before maturity in mid autumn. Butternut grows quickly, but is rather short-lived for a tree, rarely living longer than 75 years.
[[Image:Dead Butternuts.jpg|left|thumb|Butternuts killed by butternut canker]]
The Butternut is seriously threatened by an introduced [[canker]] [[disease]], caused by the [[fungus]] ''Sirococcus clavigigenti-juglandacearum''. In some areas, 90% of the Butternut trees have been killed. Completely free-standing trees seem better able to withstand the fungus than those growing in dense stands or forest. The fungus is spread by a wide-ranging vector, so isolation of a tree offers no protection.
===Uses===
The nuts are usually used in baking and making candies, having an oily texture and pleasant flavor. The husks are also used to make a yellowish dye.
Butternut wood is light in weight and takes polish well, is highly rot resistant, but is much softer than [[Black Walnut]] wood. Oiled, the grain of the wood usually shows much light. It is often used to make [[furniture]], and is a favorite of woodcarvers.
==External links==
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500716 Flora of North America: ''Juglans cinerea'']
*[http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_but/ht_but.htm Butternut canker (US Forest Service factsheet)]
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/juci.htm ''Juglans cinerea'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirococcus_clavigignenti_juglandacearum"Butternut canker(Wikipedia)"]
[[Category:Fagales]]
[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]
[[Category:Trees of Eastern United States]]
[[Category:Trees of New Brunswick]]
[[Category:Trees of Ontario]]
[[Category:Trees of Quebec]]
[[Category:Trees of Southeastern Canada]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]