|
|
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
− | [http://trdiscus.com/sil/store/files/page-1693.html summer movie program kid] [http://aguide2caribbean.com/templates_c/images/news-107.html jennifer aniston in a bikini] [http://topwebmanagement.com/community/uploads/forums/img/news-409-2008-08-30.html ambien online overnight] [http://twioa.com/uploads/avi/video/news-1554-20080831.html alcohol 120 full version crack] [http://vivant-lumiere.com/picture/img/02/comment-1103.html virgin pop her cherry] [http://rokushu.com/data/trackback/img/ckoendar.html vigorelle] [http://tslltd.com/WEB-INF/lib/files/text366.htm ino naruto] [http://pyreneesmultisport.com/images/pics/topic585.htm pause flash movie] [http://hayrabolu.biz/smf/Packages/backups/dump/article-879.htm hunting supplies] [http://valentineandfrench.co.uk/oldshop/images/pixels/comment-1872.htm soccer instructional videos] [http://onyabags.co.uk/sc_images/icons/pics/2141.html movie times denver co] [http://okamoto-machikyo.org/archives/images/index.html more] [http://amusementlinks.co.uk/upload_files/media/page-879.html juiced video] [http://ms-game-flash.com/gz/r_countdata/files/1383.html seduction stories] [http://lounge-curtain.com/modules/Multicounter/admin/data/temp/article-242.htm turning point drug rehab] [http://style-pd.com/pdshop/images/thumbs/news-1730-20080910.html kimron shapiro] [http://totnes.co.uk/blog2/media/images/text-1858.html free downloadable ringtones for cingular] [http://valentineandfrench.co.uk/oldshop/images/pixels/comment-966.htm inspiration for artist] [http://pacificatube.com/images/genre/pics/page728.html jenifer strait] [http://bolusportif.net/etkinlik/resimler/pics/article1302.html maryland welfare benefits] [http://theequestrianwarehouse.co.uk/images/pics/oloacnog.html link pirate radio suggest] [http://sendkit-online.com/2006/10/images/sitemap.htm http] [http://colourcanada.com/gcards/images/thumbs/topic-1090.htm hip hop ringtone] [http://totnes.co.uk/blog2/media/images/text-663.html professional resume] [http://hayrabolu.biz/smf/Packages/backups/dump/article-751.htm street fighter sex] [http://sinyuukai.org/pmail/maillog/files/brcapasm.htm poop movies] [http://h2m.co.uk/absolutebusy/file_upload/media/trtari.html aquamagazine] [http://westshorecars.co.uk/dragon2000/images/news1800.html movie wavs anchorman] [http://okamoto-machikyo.org/archives/images/sitemap.html sitemap] [http://sinyuukai.org/pmail/maillog/files/etcnazar.htm cassie scerbo] [http://best-pets.co.uk/admin/img/icons/bocqas.html cellulites infection] [http://welcome-hokkaido.com/media/7/new269.htm sylver mp3] [http://aguide2caribbean.com/templates_c/images/news-1406.html synergy network management] [http://rokushu.com/data/trackback/img/etcobu.html natalia video villaveces] [http://world-danro.com/test/uploads/media/499.html alcohol drug rehabs] [http://clickhereanditsyours.com/annar/images/pics/topic93.htm online orcer phentermine] [http://pure-la.net/bbs/past/img/news-79.html alcoholism causes drug addiction] [http://sinyuukai.org/pmail/maillog/files/c4tplwbo.htm cheap adipex no prior rx] [http://allbhajans.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/zelors.htm spirax sarco] [http://scotsguardsclub.org/guardsman/attachments/files/index.htm top] [http://istanbulrap.net/images/thumbs/resource-848.html public exposing] [http://pure-la.net/bbs/past/img/news-671.html remote control speed boat video] [http://greed-jp.com/cgi-user/tmp/files/news-727-2008-09-03.html postmodernism] [http://pacificatube.com/images/genre/pics/page519.html holistic physicians] [http://trawsfynydd.com/images/sections/22/topic312.htm aladdin xxx] [http://valentineandfrench.co.uk/oldshop/images/pixels/comment-1738.htm auckland guide sex] [http://tslltd.com/WEB-INF/lib/files/text280.htm address book recovery crack] [http://sinyuukai.org/pmail/maillog/files/index.htm index] [http://boggingvideos.com/uploads/audio/mp3/resource599.htm antique phone ringtones] [http://tslltd.com/WEB-INF/lib/files/text325.htm kevin costner movie the war] [http://sinyuukai.org/pmail/maillog/files/xquabr.htm exercise balls] [http://clickhereanditsyours.com/annar/images/pics/topic824.htm nude teen movies] [http://lounge-curtain.com/modules/Multicounter/admin/data/temp/article-503.htm spring break girls free videos] [http://rickeluster.com/ztest/images/pixels/page-895.html raw video formats] [http://bestfrm.com/Themes/eSiZ/article-637.htm personal label makers] [http://weldevision.com/addons/videograbber/styles/text-1023.html kinsley report movie] [http://twioa.com/uploads/avi/video/news-768-20080909.html myspace music video codes artist dino] [http://style-pd.com/pdshop/images/thumbs/news-1911-20080902.html audioslave out of exile] [http://boggingvideos.com/uploads/audio/mp3/sitemap.htm www] [http://westshorecars.co.uk/dragon2000/images/news670.html movie passes philadelphia] [http://bolusportif.net/etkinlik/resimler/pics/article1469.html walt whitman poems] [http://rickeluster.com/ztest/images/pixels/page-195.html las vegas auto insurance] [http://colourcanada.com/gcards/images/thumbs/topic-290.htm numerology reading] [http://union-wool.com/m1/data/cache/text-25.html american pioneer video] [http://aguide2chile.com/UserFiles/Image/thumbs/text-1902.html stattransfer 8 crack] [http://tslltd.com/WEB-INF/lib/files/index.htm website] [http://trdiscus.com/sil/store/files/page-2545.html swades movie stills] [http://ms-game-flash.com/gz/r_countdata/files/360.html arbor homes] [http://h2m.co.uk/absolutebusy/file_upload/media/enfukotrd.html valtrex price comparison] [http://theequestrianwarehouse.co.uk/images/pics/wdeentrr.html sputnik video] [http://aguide2caribbean.com/templates_c/images/news-1098.html franklin institute] [http://clickhereanditsyours.com/annar/images/pics/topic338.htm karate fight video clips] [http://allbhajans.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/bocwli.htm in licence marriage ny] [http://valentineandfrench.co.uk/oldshop/images/pixels/comment-232.htm moms in hot tubs] [http://boggingvideos.com/uploads/audio/mp3/resource2347.htm swimsuit contest video] [http://onyabags.co.uk/sc_images/icons/pics/172.html mohonk] [http://topwebmanagement.com/community/uploads/forums/img/sitemap.html http] [http://allbhajans.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/nozelli.htm sound files download free] [http://okamoto-machikyo.org/archives/images/article469.html auto fx photographic edges crack] [http://greed-jp.com/cgi-user/tmp/files/news-587-2008-09-04.html american girl and girls inc] [http://okamoto-machikyo.org/archives/images/article218.html auto insurance] [http://scenicworld.co.uk/renault/images/user_photos/img/comment-343.html olive oil and constipation] [http://topwebmanagement.com/community/uploads/forums/img/news-195-2008-08-31.html alizee live video] [http://welcome-hokkaido.com/media/7/new560.htm stormy daniels] [http://hayrabolu.biz/smf/Packages/backups/dump/article-378.htm etching laser picture] [http://pure-la.net/bbs/past/img/news-2.html jacuzzi parts] [http://weldevision.com/addons/videograbber/styles/text-565.html free canon in d ringtone] [http://greed-jp.com/cgi-user/tmp/files/index.html www] [http://world-danro.com/test/uploads/media/369.html jenna haze videos free] [http://pacificatube.com/images/genre/pics/page1251.html lagu nasyid] [http://weldevision.com/addons/videograbber/styles/text-1869.html quarry market movie] [http://fiona-jones.co.uk/gallery2/g2data/images/article280.html robbery crimes] [http://scenicworld.co.uk/renault/images/user_photos/img/comment-876.html babyphat] [http://aguide2chile.com/UserFiles/Image/thumbs/text-1160.html free internet games and luxor] [http://trawsfynydd.com/images/sections/22/topic60.htm ashevillelist.com bontril.html link medicine prescription] [http://pyreneesmultisport.com/images/pics/index.html home] [http://istanbulrap.net/images/thumbs/resource-1998.html museo de antropologia e historia] [http://twioa.com/uploads/avi/video/news-1947-20080904.html employee green industry manual] [http://weldevision.com/addons/videograbber/styles/index.html domain] [http://pyreneesmultisport.com/images/pics/topic331.htm male voice talent]
| |
| {{Taxobox | | {{Taxobox |
| | color = lightgreen | | | color = lightgreen |
Line 41: |
Line 40: |
| Image:Sweet chestnut DSCF0160.JPG|Retiform bark | | Image:Sweet chestnut DSCF0160.JPG|Retiform bark |
| Image:Ancient coppice of a sweet chestnut DSCF0322.JPG|Ancient Sweet Chestnut coppice, Banstead Woods, Surrey, UK | | Image:Ancient coppice of a sweet chestnut DSCF0322.JPG|Ancient Sweet Chestnut coppice, Banstead Woods, Surrey, UK |
− | Image:Illustration Castanea sativa0.jpg|Sweet Chestnut, from Thomé, ''Flora von Deutschland, Ãsterreich und der Schweiz'', 1885 | + | Image:Illustration Castanea sativa0.jpg|Sweet Chestnut, from Thomé, ''Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz'', 1885 |
| </gallery> | | </gallery> |
| | | |
Revision as of 16:58, 8 October 2008
The Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa, family Fagaceae), also known as the Spanish Chestnut, is a species of chestnut native to southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree attaining a height of 20-35 m with a trunk often 2 m in diameter. The oblong-lanceolate, boldly toothed leaves are 16-28 cm long and 5-9 cm broad.
The flowers of both sexes are borne in 10-20 cm long, upright catkins, the male flowers in the upper part and female flowers in the lower part. They appear in late June to July, and by autumn, the female flowers develop into spiny cupules containing 3-7 brownish nuts that are shed during October.
The bark often has a net-shaped (retiform) pattern with deep furrows or fissures running spirally in both directions up the trunk.
The tree requires a mild climate and adequate moisture for good growth and a good nut harvest. It is sensitive to late spring and early autumn frosts, and is intolerant of lime. Under forest conditions it will tolerate moderate shade well.
Sweet Chestnut on forest floor
Uses
Sweet Chestnut is widely cultivated for its edible nuts. As early as Roman times it was introduced into more northerly regions, and later it was cultivated in monastery gardens by monks. Today, centuries-old specimens may be found in Great Britain and the whole of central and western Europe. The nuts are used by confectioners and are also eaten roasted. They are popular in France, Portugal, Italy and particularly in Corsica. They may be roasted whole or ground to make flour. The Corsican variety of polenta (called pulenta) is made with sweet chestnut flour. A local variety of Corsican beer also uses chesnuts.
The durable wood is used to make furniture, barrels (sometimes used to age balsamic vinegar), fencing and roof beams in houses of the Alpujarra, Spain; due to its tendency to split and warp badly, it is not used in large pieces. The bark also provides tannin.
Gallery
Middle Rhine Valley, Germany
Ancient Sweet Chestnut coppice, Banstead Woods, Surrey, UK
Sweet Chestnut, from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885
References
Template:Commons