Difference between revisions of "Hydrangea"

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{{Redirect|Hortensia}}
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{{Plantbox
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{{Taxobox
 
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| color = lightgreen
 
 
| name = ''Hydrangea''
 
| name = ''Hydrangea''
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| common_names = Hydrangea, Hortensia
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| growth_habit = herbaceous
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| high =    <!--- 3ft (1m) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 20in (65cm) -->
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| origin =    <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous = mildly toxic
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| lifespan = perennial
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| exposure =    <!--- sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water =    <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 40F (5C), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for it's flowers -->
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| usda_zones =    <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Light mauve hydrangea.jpg
 
| image = Light mauve hydrangea.jpg
 
| image_width = 240px
 
| image_width = 240px
 
| image_caption = ''Hydrangea macrophylla''
 
| image_caption = ''Hydrangea macrophylla''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Cornales]]
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| ordo = Cornales
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| familia = [[Hydrangeaceae]]
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| familia = Hydrangeaceae
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| genus = '''''Hydrangea'''''
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| genus = Hydrangea
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision =
 
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See text
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Hydrangea''''' ({{pronEng|haɪˈdreɪndʒ(i)ə}}, common names '''Hydrangea''' and '''Hortensia''') is a genus of about 70-75 species of [[flowering plant]]s native to southern and eastern [[Asia]] (from [[Japan]] to [[China]], the [[Himalaya]] and [[Indonesia]]) and [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. The flowers are extremely common in the [[Azores]] Islands of [[Portugal]], particularly on [[Faial Island]], which is known as the "blue island" due to the vast number of hydrangeas present on the island. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China and Japan (See: Japanese [[Ajisai flower]]). Most are [[shrub]]s 1-3 m tall, but some are small [[tree]]s, and others [[liana]]s reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees. They can be either [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]], though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.
 
'''''Hydrangea''''' ({{pronEng|haɪˈdreɪndʒ(i)ə}}, common names '''Hydrangea''' and '''Hortensia''') is a genus of about 70-75 species of [[flowering plant]]s native to southern and eastern [[Asia]] (from [[Japan]] to [[China]], the [[Himalaya]] and [[Indonesia]]) and [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. The flowers are extremely common in the [[Azores]] Islands of [[Portugal]], particularly on [[Faial Island]], which is known as the "blue island" due to the vast number of hydrangeas present on the island. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China and Japan (See: Japanese [[Ajisai flower]]). Most are [[shrub]]s 1-3 m tall, but some are small [[tree]]s, and others [[liana]]s reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees. They can be either [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]], though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.
  
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Species in the related genus ''[[Schizophragma]]'', also in Hydrangeaceae, are also often known as hydrangeas. ''[[Schizophragma hydrangeoides]]'' and ''[[Hydrangea petiolaris]]'' are both commonly known as climbing hydrangeas.
 
Species in the related genus ''[[Schizophragma]]'', also in Hydrangeaceae, are also often known as hydrangeas. ''[[Schizophragma hydrangeoides]]'' and ''[[Hydrangea petiolaris]]'' are both commonly known as climbing hydrangeas.
  
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== Partial list of species ==
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Hydrangeas are moderately toxic if eaten, with all parts of the plant containing [[cyanogenic glycoside]]s. However, poisoning is rare, as the plant does not look like an enticing food source.
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==Cultivation==
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{{monthbox
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| color = IndianRed
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| name = Hydrangea
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| notes =
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Hydrangeas are popular [[ornamental plant]]s, grown for their large flowerheads, with ''[[Hydrangea macrophylla]]'' being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named [[cultivar]]s, many selected to have only large sterile flowers in the flowerheads. Some are best pruned on an annual basis when the new leaf buds begin to appear. If not pruned regularly, the bush will become very 'leggy', growing upwards until the weight of the stems is greater than their strength, at which point the stems will sag down to the ground and possibly break. Other species only flower on 'old wood'. Thus new wood resulting from pruning will not produce flowers until the following season.
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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*BACTERIAL DISEASES - Bacterial blight (Pseudomonas solanacearum), Bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas cichorii)
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*FUNGAL DISEASES - Bud and flower blight, (Botrytis cinerea), Interveinal chlorosisn (Lack of iron uptake due to alkaline soils), Fungal leaf spots (Cercospora hydrangeae), (Corynespora cassicola), (Phyllosticta hydrangeae), (Septoria hydrangeae), Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni), Root rot (Pythium spp.), Rust (Pucciniastrum hydrangeae), Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), (teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
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*VIRAL DISEASES - Phyllody (Hydrangea ringspot virus), Ringspots (Hydrangea ringspot virus), (Tobacco ringspot virus), (Tomato spotted wilt virus), (Tomato ringspot virus)
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==Species==
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Partial list of species:
 
[[Image:Single hydrangea flower.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Hydrangea sp'', fertile individual flower.]]
 
[[Image:Single hydrangea flower.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Hydrangea sp'', fertile individual flower.]]
 
[[Image:Hydrangea flowers dead in winter.jpg|right|240px|thumb|''Hydrangea'', flowers in winter.]]
 
[[Image:Hydrangea flowers dead in winter.jpg|right|240px|thumb|''Hydrangea'', flowers in winter.]]
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*''[[Hydrangea zhewanensis]]''. China.
 
*''[[Hydrangea zhewanensis]]''. China.
  
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==Cultivation and uses==
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==Gallery==
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Hydrangeas are popular [[ornamental plant]]s, grown for their large flowerheads, with ''[[Hydrangea macrophylla]]'' being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named [[cultivar]]s, many selected to have only large sterile flowers in the flowerheads. Some are best pruned on an annual basis when the new leaf buds begin to appear. If not pruned regularly, the bush will become very 'leggy', growing upwards until the weight of the stems is greater than their strength, at which point the stems will sag down to the ground and possibly break. Other species only flower on 'old wood'. Thus new wood resulting from pruning will not produce flowers until the following season.
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<!-- For plants with a lot of photos - a gallery can be added below, otherwise remove this section!  -->
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Hydrangeas are moderately toxic if eaten, with all parts of the plant containing [[cyanogenic glycoside]]s. However, poisoning is rare, as the plant does not look like an enticing food source.
 
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In [[Korean tea]], ''[[Hydrangea serrata]]'' ([[Hangul]]:산수국 [[Hanja]]:{{linktext|山|水|菊}}) is used for an [[herbal tea]] called ilsulcha (이슬차).
 
  
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[[Hydrangea paniculata]] is sometimes smoked to produce [[cannabis]]-like effects. <ref>http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml</ref>
 
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
Image:Hydrangea-heads-pale.png|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', flowers.
 
Image:Hydrangea-heads-pale.png|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', flowers.
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Image:Hydrangea-aspera-zoo-cgn-07074-mutante.jpg|''Hydrangea aspera ssp. sargentiana''  
 
Image:Hydrangea-aspera-zoo-cgn-07074-mutante.jpg|''Hydrangea aspera ssp. sargentiana''  
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==Diseases==
 
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{{Main|List of hydrangea diseases}}
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{Reflist}}
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*{{wplink}}
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<sup>1</sup> http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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{{commons|Hydrangea}}
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*http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=115977 Flora of China: ''Hydrangea'']
 
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=115977 Flora of Nepal: ''Hydrangea'' species list]
 
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*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYDRA USDA Plant Profile: ''Hydrangea'']
 
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/hyar.htm ''Hydrangea arborescens'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
 
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*[http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/shrubselector/search_results.cfm?q=hydrangea Hydrangea - Selecting Shrubs for Your Home] (University of Illinois Extension)
 
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*[http://lakecounty.typepad.com/life_in_lake_county/2007/07/hydrangea-thoug.html Hydrangea Thoughts I] - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology).
 
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* [http://www.botanik.de/mendel/image-galleries/blumen/hortensien Hydrangea species and hybrids]
 
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* [http://www.denolf.com/gen.php?reqNr=7&sReqNr=2&lang=EN ''Endless Summer: a perpetual-flowering big-leaf Hydrangea'']
 
  
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[[Category:Cornales]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Flowers]]
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[[Category:Categorize]]

Revision as of 20:52, 25 January 2009


Hydrangea macrophylla


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Poisonous: ☠ mildly toxic
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Hydrangeaceae >

Hydrangea >


Hydrangea (Template:PronEng, common names Hydrangea and Hortensia) is a genus of about 70-75 species of flowering plants native to southern and eastern Asia (from Japan to China, the Himalaya and Indonesia) and North and South America. The flowers are extremely common in the Azores Islands of Portugal, particularly on Faial Island, which is known as the "blue island" due to the vast number of hydrangeas present on the island. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China and Japan (See: Japanese Ajisai flower). Most are shrubs 1-3 m tall, but some are small trees, and others lianas reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees. They can be either deciduous or evergreen, though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.

Hydrangea flowers are produced from early spring to late autumn; they grow in flowerheads (corymbs or panicles) at the ends of the stems. In many species, the flowerheads contain two types of flowers, small fertile flowers in the middle of the flowerhead, and large, sterile bract-like flowers in a ring around the edge of each flowerhead. Other species have all the flowers fertile and of the same size.

In most species the flowers are white, but in some species (notably H. macrophylla), can be blue, red, pink, or purple. In these species the exact colour often depends on the pH of the soil; acidic soils produce blue flowers, neutral soils produce very pale cream petals, and alkaline soils results in pink or purple. Hydrangeas are one of very few plants that accumulate aluminium. Aluminium is released from acidic soils, and in some species, forms complexes in the hydrangea flower giving them their blue colour.

Species in the related genus Schizophragma, also in Hydrangeaceae, are also often known as hydrangeas. Schizophragma hydrangeoides and Hydrangea petiolaris are both commonly known as climbing hydrangeas.

Hydrangeas are moderately toxic if eaten, with all parts of the plant containing cyanogenic glycosides. However, poisoning is rare, as the plant does not look like an enticing food source.

Cultivation

Hydrangea calendar?
January:
February:
March:
April:
May:
June:
July:
August:
September:
October:
November:
December:
Notes:

Hydrangeas are popular ornamental plants, grown for their large flowerheads, with Hydrangea macrophylla being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named cultivars, many selected to have only large sterile flowers in the flowerheads. Some are best pruned on an annual basis when the new leaf buds begin to appear. If not pruned regularly, the bush will become very 'leggy', growing upwards until the weight of the stems is greater than their strength, at which point the stems will sag down to the ground and possibly break. Other species only flower on 'old wood'. Thus new wood resulting from pruning will not produce flowers until the following season.

Propagation

Pests and diseases

  • BACTERIAL DISEASES - Bacterial blight (Pseudomonas solanacearum), Bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas cichorii)
  • FUNGAL DISEASES - Bud and flower blight, (Botrytis cinerea), Interveinal chlorosisn (Lack of iron uptake due to alkaline soils), Fungal leaf spots (Cercospora hydrangeae), (Corynespora cassicola), (Phyllosticta hydrangeae), (Septoria hydrangeae), Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni), Root rot (Pythium spp.), Rust (Pucciniastrum hydrangeae), Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), (teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
  • VIRAL DISEASES - Phyllody (Hydrangea ringspot virus), Ringspots (Hydrangea ringspot virus), (Tobacco ringspot virus), (Tomato spotted wilt virus), (Tomato ringspot virus)

Species

Partial list of species:

Hydrangea sp, fertile individual flower.
Hydrangea, flowers in winter.
H. macrophylla, Watermouth Castle, north Devon, England
closeup of petals
Hydrangeas in front of the Office de Tourisme Building in Chartres, France.

Gallery

  • Hydrangea macrophylla, flowers.

  • Hydrangea macrophylla, flowers

  • Hydrangea sp. painted by the botanical artist Redouté

  • Hydrangea quercifolia

  • Hydrangea macrophylla, leaves

  • Wild Hydrangea v. Annabelle
    Hydrangea arborescens

  • Wild Hydrangea v. Annabelle
    Hydrangea arborescens

  • Hydrangea aspera ssp. sargentiana

References

External links

Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Hydrangea&oldid=17096"