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Vaccinium (view source)

Revision as of 20:54, 11 March 2009

1,925 bytes added ,  20:54, 11 March 2009
flora
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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Vaccinium''  
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| name = ''Vaccinium''
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| common_names =  Incl: blueberries, cranberries, huckleberries, lingonberries
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| growth_habit = shrubs, sm. trees, vines
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| high =    <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = N Hemisphere and S Africa
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan = perennial
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| exposure =    <!--- sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water =    <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5[[Celsius|°C]], etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones =    <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Vaccinium corymbosum(01).jpg
 
| image = Vaccinium corymbosum(01).jpg
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| image_width = 245px
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| image_width = 200px
 
| image_caption = ''Vaccinium corymbosum''
 
| image_caption = ''Vaccinium corymbosum''
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| unranked_classis = eudicots
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| ordo = [[Ericales]]
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| ordo = Ericales
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| familia = [[Ericaceae]]
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| familia = Ericaceae
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| genus = '''''Vaccinium'''''
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| subfamilia = Vaccinioideae
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| tribus = Vaccinieae
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| genus = Vaccinium
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| subdivision = See text
   
}}
 
}}
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The genus includes about 450 species of shrubs, small trees and vines which may be evergreen and deciduous.  Genus includes blueberries, cranberries, and huckleberries. Most species have small and often colorful fruits, some of which are edible.  Flowers can be attractive, tend to be small, face downward, have an urn-shape, and can come individually or in clusters.  Most have simple leaves which are oval to lance-shaped.  The tips of the leaves are frequently pointed, and the edges sometimes have serration.
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'''''Vaccinium''''' is a [[genus]] of [[shrub]]s in the plant Family [[Ericaceae]] including the [[cranberry]], [[blueberry]], [[bilberry]] or whortleberry, [[cowberry]] or lingonberry, and [[huckleberry]]. The genus contains about 450 species, which are found mostly in the cooler areas of the [[Northern Hemisphere]], although there are tropical species from as widely separated areas as Madagascar and Hawai'i. The plants prefer [[heath (habitat)|heath]] landscapes, as well as open forests. The name ''Vaccinium'' was used for a type of berry (probably the [[bilberry]] ''V. myrtillus'') in classical Latin, but its ultimate derivation is obscure; it has nothing to do with ''vaccinum'' "of or pertaining to [[cow]]s", but may be a corruption of Latin ''bacca'', [[berry]] ([[OED]]).
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==Cultivation==
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''Vaccinium'' like moist, cool, well-drained soil that is rich in humus and acidic.  They need protection from very hot summer sun. Conditions suitable to rhododendrons and camellias also tend to keep Vaccinium happy. Rather shrubby species ought to be shaped by pruning: after flowering when fruit is not needed, or else at harvest.  
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The [[fruit]] develops from an inferior ovary, and is a [[berry]].
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===Propagation===
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You can propagate from seed, cuttings, layering and sometimes division.
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''Vaccinium'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of a number of [[Lepidoptera]] species - see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Vaccinium]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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The taxonomy is complex, and still under investigation; there are two subgenera, and several sections:
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==Species==
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A classification which predates [[molecular phylogeny]] divides ''Vaccinium'' into subgenera, and several sections:
 
;Subgenus '''''Oxycoccus''''': The [[cranberry|cranberries]], with slender, trailing, wiry non-woody shoots and strongly reflexed flower petals. Some botanists treat ''Oxycoccus'' as a distinct genus.
 
;Subgenus '''''Oxycoccus''''': The [[cranberry|cranberries]], with slender, trailing, wiry non-woody shoots and strongly reflexed flower petals. Some botanists treat ''Oxycoccus'' as a distinct genus.
 
*Sect. ''Oxycoccus''
 
*Sect. ''Oxycoccus''
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**''[[Vaccinium caesariense]]'' (New Jersey Blueberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium caesariense]]'' (New Jersey Blueberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium corymbosum]]'' (Highbush Blueberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium corymbosum]]'' (Highbush Blueberry)
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**''[[Vaccinium darrowii]]''
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**''[[Vaccinium darrowii]]'' (Evergreen Blueberry)
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**''[[Vaccinium elliottii]]''
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**''[[Vaccinium elliottii]]'' (Elliott's Blueberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium formosum]]''
 
**''[[Vaccinium formosum]]''
 
**''[[Vaccinium fuscatum]]'' (Black Highbush Blueberry; syn. ''V. atrococcum'')
 
**''[[Vaccinium fuscatum]]'' (Black Highbush Blueberry; syn. ''V. atrococcum'')
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**''[[Vaccinium smallii]]''
 
**''[[Vaccinium smallii]]''
 
*Sect. ''Myrtillus''
 
*Sect. ''Myrtillus''
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**''[[Vaccinium calycinum]]''
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**''[[Vaccinium calycinum]]'' (Ōhelo kau la{{okina}}au)
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**''[[Vaccinium cespitosum]]''
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**''[[Vaccinium cespitosum]]'' (Dwarf bilberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium deliciosum]]'' (Cascade Bilberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium deliciosum]]'' (Cascade Bilberry)
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**''[[Vaccinium dentatum]]''
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**''[[Vaccinium dentatum]]'' (Ōhelo)
 
**''[[Vaccinium membranaceum]]''
 
**''[[Vaccinium membranaceum]]''
 
**''[[Bilberry|Vaccinium myrtillus]]'' (Bilberry)
 
**''[[Bilberry|Vaccinium myrtillus]]'' (Bilberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium ovalifolium]]'' (Alaska Blueberry; syn. ''V. alaskaense'')
 
**''[[Vaccinium ovalifolium]]'' (Alaska Blueberry; syn. ''V. alaskaense'')
 
**''[[Vaccinium parvifolium]]'' (Red Huckleberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium parvifolium]]'' (Red Huckleberry)
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**''[[Vaccinium praestans]]''
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**''[[Vaccinium praestans]]'' - ''Krasnika'' in Russian ({{lang-ru|[[:ru:Красника|Красника]]}})
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**''[[Vaccinium reticulatum]]'' (ohelo 'ai)
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**''[[Vaccinium reticulatum]]'' (Ōhelo {{okina}}ai)
 
**''[[Vaccinium scoparium]]'' (Grouse Whortleberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium scoparium]]'' (Grouse Whortleberry)
 
*Sect. ''Neurodesia''
 
*Sect. ''Neurodesia''
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**''[[Vaccinium vitis-idaea]]'' (Cowberry, Lingonberry)
 
**''[[Vaccinium vitis-idaea]]'' (Cowberry, Lingonberry)
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==References and external links==
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==Gallery==
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*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12610 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Vaccinium'']
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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[[Category:Ericaceae]]
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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