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Impatiens (view source)

Revision as of 18:48, 8 May 2009

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Impatiens''
 
| name = ''Impatiens''
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| image = ImpatiensGlandulifera-flower-sm.jpg
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| common_names = Balsam, Touch-me-not, Snapweed, Jewelweed, Busy Lizzie
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| image_width = 240px
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| growth_habit = herbaceous
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| image_caption = Himalayan Balsam
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| origin = Tropics of N Hemisphere{{wp}}
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| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| ordo = [[Ericales]]
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| lifespan = perennials and annuals
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| familia = [[Balsaminaceae]]
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| exposure = vary by species{{SSN}}
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| genus = '''''Impatiens'''''
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| water = regular{{SSN}}
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| features = flowers, naturalizes
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| subdivision = See text
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones = vary by species{{SSN}}
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Impatiens-double-IMG 6711.JPG
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| image_width = 240px   <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Impatiens with double flowers
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Ericales
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| familia = Balsaminaceae
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| genus = Impatiens
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| species =
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| subspecies =  
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| cultivar =  
 
}}
 
}}
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[[Image:Impatiens_namchabarwensis_21.jpg|thumb|''Impatiens namchabarwensis'']]
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There are hundreds of species of Impatiens, though four are much more commonly grown in gardens than the rest{{SSN}}. Most are annuals, or perennials treated as annuals{{SSN}}. They are grown for their flowers, which continue until frost. When the seed capsules are ripe, they explode upon being lightly touched, shooting little seeds around.{{SSN}}
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[[Image:Rosulata.JPG|thumb|''Impatiens rosulata'']]
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[[Image:Impatiens parviflora.jpg|thumb|''Impatiens parviflora'']]
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[[Image:Potapsco_fg13.jpg|thumb|''Impatiens capensis'']]
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'''''Impatiens''''' is a genus of about 900-1000 species of [[flower]]ing [[plant]]s in the family [[Balsaminaceae]]. The genus has a wide distribution throughout the [[northern hemisphere]] and [[tropics]], although they are not found in South America.  
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Four most commonly grown:
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<gallery>
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Image:Impatiens_walleriana.JPG| [[Impatiens walleriana]] may be the most popular bedding plant in America{{SSN}}.
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Image:Impatiens balsamina1.jpg| [[Impatiens balsamina]] - Balsam
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Image:Starr 061205-1896 Impatiens sodenii.jpg| [[Impatiens sodenii]] - Poor Man's Rhododendron
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Image:Impatiens ngh.jpg| [[Impatiens 'New Guinea']] hybrids. Note darker leaves.
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</gallery>
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Some species are [[annual plant]]s and produce flowers from early [[summer]] until the first [[frost]], while [[perennial plant|perennial]] species, found in milder climates, can flower all year. They can exist both in, and out, of direct [[sunlight]].  Impatiens walleriana [[hybrids]] have commercial importance as garden plants with a yearly business volume of about US $230 million. This species of Impatiens were originally collected as weeds from Costa Rica, and bred through selection by Claude Hope.  The original series of impatiens bred by Mr. Hope was the Elfin series, which has now been upgraded and known as the Super Elfin series.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Major common names for one or more species include [[Balsam]], [[Jewelweed]] and [[Busy Lizzie]].
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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The plant derives its scientific name ''Impatiens'' ("impatient") and the common name "touch-me-not" from the plant's [[seed]] pods. When the seed pods mature, they "explode" when touched, sending seeds several meters away. This mechanism is also known as "explosive dehiscence". See also [[Rapid plant movement]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{Main|List of impatiens diseases}}
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''Impatiens'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dot Moth]].
    
==Species==
 
==Species==
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;Selected species
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[[Image:Impatiens_namchabarwensis_21.jpg|thumb|''Impatiens namchabarwensis'']]
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*''[[Impatiens acehensis]]''
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[[Image:Rosulata.JPG|thumb|''Impatiens rosulata'']]
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*''[[Impatiens arguta]]''
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[[Image:Impatiens parviflora.jpg|thumb|''Impatiens parviflora'']]
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*''[[Impatiens arriensii]]''
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[[Image:ImpatiensGlandulifera-flower-sm.jpg|thumb|''Himalayan Balsam'']]
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*''[[Impatiens auricoma]]''
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[[Image:Potapsco_fg13.jpg|thumb|''Impatiens capensis'']]
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*''[[Impatiens balfourii]]'' - Kashmir Balsam
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There are about 900-1000{{wp}} species of Impatiens, including:
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*''[[Impatiens balsamina]]'' - Rose Balsam
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<div float="left">
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*''[[Impatiens bicornuta]]''
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{{col-begin|width=70%}}
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*''[[Impatiens campanulata]]''
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{{col-1-of-2}}
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*''[[Impatiens capensis]]'' - Spotted Jewelweed, Orange Balsam
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* ''[[Impatiens acehensis]]''
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*''[[Impatiens celebica]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens arguta]]''
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*''[[Impatiens chinensis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens arriensii]]''
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*''[[Impatiens cristata]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens aurella]]'' - [[Pale-yellow Jewelweed]]
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*''[[Impatiens dempoana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens auricoma]]''
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*''[[Impatiens dewildeana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens balfourii]]'' - [[Kashmir Balsam]]<!-- "balfouri" is a common lapsus -->
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*''[[Impatiens diepenhorstii]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens balsamina]]'' - [[Garden Balsam]], Rose Balsam
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*''[[Impatiens edgeworthii]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens bicornuta]]''
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*''[[Impatiens eubotrya]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens calcicola]]'' - ''[[thian pa]]'' ([[Thai (language)|Thai]])
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*''[[Impatiens flaccida]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens campanulata]]''
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*''[[Impatiens forbesii]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens capensis]]'' - [[Orange Jewelweed]], Common Jewelweed, Spotted Jewelweed, Orange Balsam
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*''[[Impatiens glandulifera]]'' - Himalayan Balsam, Policeman's Helmet
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* ''[[Impatiens celebica]]''
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*''[[Impatiens gordonii]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens chinensis]]''
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*''[[Impatiens grandis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens cristata]]''
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*''[[Impatiens hawkeri]]'' - New Guinea impatiens
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* ''[[Impatiens dempoana]]''
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*''[[Impatiens heterosepala]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens dewildeana]]''
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*''[[Impatiens holstii]]''  
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* ''[[Impatiens diepenhorstii]]''
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*''[[Impatiens javensis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens ecalcarata]]'' - [[Spurless Touch-me-not]]
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*''[[Impatiens jerdoniae]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens edgeworthii]]''
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*''[[Impatiens kilimanjari]]'' - Kilimanjaro Impatiens
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* ''[[Impatiens etindensis]]''
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*''[[Impatiens korthalsiana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens eubotrya]]''
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*''[[Impatiens linearifolia]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens flaccida]]''
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*''[[Impatiens malabarica]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens forbesii]]''
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*''[[Impatiens marianae]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens frithii]]''
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*''[[Impatiens mirabilis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens glandulifera]]'' - [[Himalayan Balsam]], Indian Balsam, Policeman's Helmet
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*''[[Impatiens namchabarwensis]]'' - Blue Diamond Impatiens
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* ''[[Impatiens gordonii]]''
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*''[[Impatiens niamniamensis]]'' - Parrot Plant, Congo Cockatoo
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* ''[[Impatiens grandis]]''
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*''[[Impatiens noli-tangere]]'' - Touch-me-not Balsam
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* ''[[Impatiens grandisepala]]''
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*''[[Impatiens oliverii]]'' - Poor Man's Rhododendron
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* ''[[Impatiens halongensis]]''
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*''[[Impatiens oppositifolia]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens hawkeri]]'' - [[New Guinea Impatiens]], [[Spreading Impatiens]]
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*''[[Impatiens pallida]]'' - Pale Jewelweed
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* ''[[Impatiens heterosepala]]''
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*''[[Impatiens parviflora]]'' - Small Balsam
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* ''[[Impatiens hians]]''
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*''[[Impatiens petersiana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens holstii]]''
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*''[[Impatiens platypetala]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens hongkongensis]]'' - [[Hong Kong Balsam]]
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*''[[Impatiens pseudoviola]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens irvingii]]''  
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*''[[Impatiens psittacina]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens javensis]]''
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*''[[Impatiens pyrrhotricha]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens jerdoniae]]''
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*''[[Impatiens repens]] - Ceylon Balsam
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* ''[[Impatiens kilimanjari]]'' - [[Kilimanjaro Impatiens]]
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*''[[Impatiens rosulata]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens korthalsiana]]''
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*''[[Impatiens scabrida]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens letouzeyi]]''
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*''[[Impatiens sidikalangensis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens linearifolia]]''
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*''[[Impatiens singgalangensis]]''
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{{col-2-of-2}}
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*''Impatiens sodenii'' (syn. for ''[[Impatiens oliverii]]'')
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* ''[[Impatiens malabarica]]''
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*''[[Impatiens sulcata]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens marianae]]''
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*''[[Impatiens sumatrana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens meruensis]]''
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*''[[Impatiens tapanuliensis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens mirabilis]]''
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*''[[Impatiens teysmanni]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens morsei]]''
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*''[[Impatiens tinctoria]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens namchabarwensis]]'' - [[Blue Diamond Impatiens]]
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*''[[Impatiens walleriana]]'' - Busy Lizzie
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* ''[[Impatiens neo-barnesii]]''
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*''[[Impatiens vitellina]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens niamniamensis]]'' - [[Congo Cockatoo]]
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* ''[[Impatiens nilagirica]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens noli-tangere]]'' - [[Touch-me-not Balsam]]
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* ''[[Impatiens obesa]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens omeiana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens oppositifolia]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens pallida]]'' - [[Pale Jewelweed]], Yellow Jewelweed
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* ''[[Impatiens parviflora]]'' - [[Small Balsam]], Small-flowered Touch-me-not
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* ''[[Impatiens paucidentata]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens petersiana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens platypetala]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens pritzelii]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens pseudoviola]]''  
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* ''[[Impatiens psittacina]]'' - [[Parrot Flower]]
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* ''[[Impatiens pyrrhotricha]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens repens]]'' - [[Ceylon Balsam]], Yellow Impatiens
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* ''[[Impatiens rosulata]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens sakerana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens salpinx]]''  
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* ''[[Impatiens scabrida]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens sidikalangensis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens singgalangensis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens sivarajanii]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens sodenii]]'' - [[Poor Man's Rhododendron]]
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* ''[[Impatiens sulcata]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens sultana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens sumatrana]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens tapanuliensis]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens textorii]]''  
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* ''[[Impatiens teysmanni]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens thomassetii]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens tinctoria]]''
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* ''[[Impatiens walleriana]]'' - [[Busy Lizzie]]
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* ''[[Impatiens wilsoni]]''  
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* ''[[Impatiens zombensis]]''
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{{col-end}}
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</div>
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''Impatiens'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dot Moth]].
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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The balsam used in [[shampoo]]s ([[Tolu balsam]], or Balsam of Peru), is derived from the unrelated plant [[Myroxylon]].
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<gallery>
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Image:Impatiens-bloom-double-IMG 6712.JPG| Double flowered [[I. walleriana]]
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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===Diseases===
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==References==
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{{Main|List of impatiens diseases}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==Botanical References==
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==External links==
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*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Impatiens&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Impatiens'']
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=116392 Flora of China: ''Impatiens'' species list]
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*[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=12&start_taxon_id=116392 Flora of Madagascar: ''Impatiens'' species list]
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*[http://www.nccpg.com/Default.Aspx?Page57.Aspx?Code=315 UK National Plant Collection of ''Impatiens'']
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==Impatiens Sources==
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{{stub}}
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*[http://www.impatiens.net/ ABC Impatiens]
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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*[http://forums.gardenweb.com/forums/impatiens/ GardenWeb Impatiens Forum]
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*[http://www.mrimpatiens.com/ Mr. Impatiens]
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*[http://www.virtualflowers.com.au/annuals_impatiens.asp Virtual Flowers Impatiens]
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{{commonscat|Impatiens}}
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
    
[[Category:Balsaminaceae]]
 
[[Category:Balsaminaceae]]
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