Difference between revisions of "Vitaceae"

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Vitaceae''
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| name = Vitaceae
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| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Grapes03.jpg
 
| image = Grapes03.jpg
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| image_caption = ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'', wine grapes
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| image_width = 200px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| image_caption = Vitis vinifera, wine grapes
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| regnum = Plantae
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| ordo = '''Vitales'''
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo_authority = [[Gilbert Thomas Burnett|Burnett]]
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| ordo = Vitales
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| familia = '''Vitaceae'''
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| familia = Vitaceae
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| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]], nom. cons.
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}}
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
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{{Inc|
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| subdivision =  
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Vitaceae (from the genus Vitis, the classical name). Grape Family. Fig. 36. Mostly climbing shrubs with tendrils, seldom upright shrubs or small trees: leaves alternate or opposite, very diverse: flowers bisexual, or unisexual, small, numerous, regular; sepals 4-5, rarely 3-7, minute or obsolete; petals 4-5, rarely 3-7, valvate, separate (gamopetalous in Leea); stamens 4-5, rarely 3-7, opposite the petals, somewhat perigynous; disk evident, annular or of separate lobes; ovary superior, 2-, rarely 3-6-, celled, with 2, or rarely 1, ovule in each cell; style 1 or 0; stigma capitate or peltate: fruit a berry; seeds albuminous.
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The 11 genera and about 450 species are mostly of tropical and subtropical distribution. Fourteen species reach the northeastern United States. The largest genus is Cissus with 250 species. Some fossil forms are known. The Vitaceae are closely related to the Rhamnaceae. The climbing habit, the few stamens opposite the petals, the 2-carpelled berry, and the capitate stigma are distinctive.
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The petals in Vitis remain connate at the tip as in the bud, but separate from each other at the base, and fall off as a cap. The tendrils of the Vitaceae are borne at the nodes and opposite the leaves. There has been much discussion as to whether the tendrils are apical or lateral, i.e., whether the plant is sympodial or monopodial. The tips of the tendrils are in some species expanded into disk-like holdfasts. The species of Cissus are mainly desert plants. They are often cactus-like, with fleshy, angled, jointed, or terete stems; or have tubers or tuberous bases.
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The most important economic plant in the family is the grape (Vitis), which has been cultivated since early times. V. vinifera is the wine grape of Europe and southern California, and has given rise to our greenhouse grapes; not hardy. V. Labrusca is one of the parents of most of our hardy grapes. V. vulpina and V. cordifolia are frost or fox grapes. Several species of Vitis are grown for ornamental purposes only. Raisins are the dried fruit of certain species of Vitis, mostly V. vinifera. Virginia creeper or woodbine (Parthenocissus [Ampelopsis] quinquefolia) and Boston ivy or Japanese ivy (P. tricuspidata) are ornamental.
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A few genera are in cultivation in America: Ampelopsis; Parthenocissus or Psedera; Cissus (Kangaroo Vine); and Vitis.{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Genera==
 
*''[[Acareosperma]]''
 
*''[[Acareosperma]]''
 
*''[[Ampelocissus]]''
 
*''[[Ampelocissus]]''
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*''[[Tetrastigma]]''
 
*''[[Tetrastigma]]''
 
*''[[Vitis]]'' ([[grape]])
 
*''[[Vitis]]'' ([[grape]])
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*''[[Yua (plant)|Yua]]''
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*''[[Yua]]''
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}}
 
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'''Vitaceae''' are a family of [[dicotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s including the [[grape]] and [[Virginia creeper]]. The family name is derived from the genus ''[[Vitis]]''.  The name sometimes appears as '''Vitidaceae''', but Vitaceae is a conserved name and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, '''Ampelidaceae'''.
 
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The relationships of Vitaceae are unclear and the family does not appear to have any close relatives. In the [[Cronquist system]], the family was placed near the family [[Rhamnaceae]] in order [[Rhamnales]]. The family was placed in the [[Rosid]] clade, but not classified in an order, by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] (APG). The Angiosperm Phylogeny Web places Vitaceae in its own order, Vitales. Recent phylogenetic analyses support Vitaceae as the sister-group to all other rosids (Jansen et al. 2006).
 
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Most ''Vitis'' species have 38 chromosomes (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus ''[[Muscadinia]]'', while ''[[Ampelocissus]]'', ''[[Parthenocissus]]'', and ''[[Ampelopsis]]'' also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and ''[[Cissus]]'' has 24 chromosomes (n=12).
 
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The family is economically important as [[grape]]s (''Vitis'' species) are an important fruit crop and, when fermented, produce [[wine]].
 
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Species of the genus ''[[Tetrastigma]]'' serve as hosts to [[parasitic plant]]s in the family [[Rafflesiaceae]].
 
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''[[Leea]]'', sometimes classified in its own family, [[Leeaceae]], is included in Vitaceae by the APG and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web.
 
  
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==References and external links==
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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*R. K. Jansen, C. Kaittanis, S. B. Lee, C. Saski, J. Tomkins, A. J. Alverson and H. Daniell. 2006.  Phylogenetic analyses of ''Vitis'' (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 6: 32 [published online, 14 pp.].
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/vitalesweb.html#Vitales Vitaceae] at the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Web]
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==References==
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/vitidace.htm Vitidaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
  
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{{rosid-stub}}
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
 
[[Category:Vitaceae| ]]
 
[[Category:Vitaceae| ]]

Latest revision as of 20:18, 13 May 2009


Vitis vinifera, wine grapes


Plant Characteristics
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Vitaceae >



Read about Vitaceae in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Vitaceae (from the genus Vitis, the classical name). Grape Family. Fig. 36. Mostly climbing shrubs with tendrils, seldom upright shrubs or small trees: leaves alternate or opposite, very diverse: flowers bisexual, or unisexual, small, numerous, regular; sepals 4-5, rarely 3-7, minute or obsolete; petals 4-5, rarely 3-7, valvate, separate (gamopetalous in Leea); stamens 4-5, rarely 3-7, opposite the petals, somewhat perigynous; disk evident, annular or of separate lobes; ovary superior, 2-, rarely 3-6-, celled, with 2, or rarely 1, ovule in each cell; style 1 or 0; stigma capitate or peltate: fruit a berry; seeds albuminous.

The 11 genera and about 450 species are mostly of tropical and subtropical distribution. Fourteen species reach the northeastern United States. The largest genus is Cissus with 250 species. Some fossil forms are known. The Vitaceae are closely related to the Rhamnaceae. The climbing habit, the few stamens opposite the petals, the 2-carpelled berry, and the capitate stigma are distinctive.

The petals in Vitis remain connate at the tip as in the bud, but separate from each other at the base, and fall off as a cap. The tendrils of the Vitaceae are borne at the nodes and opposite the leaves. There has been much discussion as to whether the tendrils are apical or lateral, i.e., whether the plant is sympodial or monopodial. The tips of the tendrils are in some species expanded into disk-like holdfasts. The species of Cissus are mainly desert plants. They are often cactus-like, with fleshy, angled, jointed, or terete stems; or have tubers or tuberous bases.

The most important economic plant in the family is the grape (Vitis), which has been cultivated since early times. V. vinifera is the wine grape of Europe and southern California, and has given rise to our greenhouse grapes; not hardy. V. Labrusca is one of the parents of most of our hardy grapes. V. vulpina and V. cordifolia are frost or fox grapes. Several species of Vitis are grown for ornamental purposes only. Raisins are the dried fruit of certain species of Vitis, mostly V. vinifera. Virginia creeper or woodbine (Parthenocissus [Ampelopsis] quinquefolia) and Boston ivy or Japanese ivy (P. tricuspidata) are ornamental.

A few genera are in cultivation in America: Ampelopsis; Parthenocissus or Psedera; Cissus (Kangaroo Vine); and Vitis.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Genera

Gallery

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  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links

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