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Ericaceae (view source)

Revision as of 04:50, 14 May 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Ericaceae''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Ericales
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| familia = Ericaceae
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Ericaceae (from the genus Erica, the ancient name of the heath, from erico, to break). Heath Family. Fig. 46. Shrubs or sub-shrubs: leaves alternate, often evergreen: flowers bisexual, regular or slightly irregular; calyx 4-5-fid, persistent; corolla gamopetalous, rarely polypetalous, often urceolate, 4-5-lobed, convolute or imbricated; stamens alternate with the petals, of the same number or double the number, inserted at the base of a hypogynous disk, not epipetalous; anthers sometimes appendaged, opening by terminal pores, rarely by longitudinal slits; ovary superior or inferior, 4-5-celled or falsely 10-celled, many ovuled; style and stigma 1: fruit a capsule, rarely a berry or drupe.
 
Ericaceae (from the genus Erica, the ancient name of the heath, from erico, to break). Heath Family. Fig. 46. Shrubs or sub-shrubs: leaves alternate, often evergreen: flowers bisexual, regular or slightly irregular; calyx 4-5-fid, persistent; corolla gamopetalous, rarely polypetalous, often urceolate, 4-5-lobed, convolute or imbricated; stamens alternate with the petals, of the same number or double the number, inserted at the base of a hypogynous disk, not epipetalous; anthers sometimes appendaged, opening by terminal pores, rarely by longitudinal slits; ovary superior or inferior, 4-5-celled or falsely 10-celled, many ovuled; style and stigma 1: fruit a capsule, rarely a berry or drupe.
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Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi (bearberry) of Europe and America is medicinal. The volatile oil of wintergreen is obtained from the leaves, and stems, of the North American Gaultheria procumbens. A very poisonous substance is found in some species of Rhododendron, Lyonia and Leucothoe; and possibly the poisonous quality of Kalmia and Rhododendron honey is due to this. Species of Gaylussacia (North America) yield huckleberries; species of Vaccinium yield blueberries. The fruits of V. Myrtillus (Europe) are bilberries. The European heaths furnish commercial honey. Cranberries are the fruit of V. macrocarpon and V. Oxycoccus. Many species of Ericaceae are ornamental.
 
Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi (bearberry) of Europe and America is medicinal. The volatile oil of wintergreen is obtained from the leaves, and stems, of the North American Gaultheria procumbens. A very poisonous substance is found in some species of Rhododendron, Lyonia and Leucothoe; and possibly the poisonous quality of Kalmia and Rhododendron honey is due to this. Species of Gaylussacia (North America) yield huckleberries; species of Vaccinium yield blueberries. The fruits of V. Myrtillus (Europe) are bilberries. The European heaths furnish commercial honey. Cranberries are the fruit of V. macrocarpon and V. Oxycoccus. Many species of Ericaceae are ornamental.
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Forty to 50 genera are in cultivation in N. America. Among these are the Strawberry Tree or Madrona (Arbutus); Bearberry (Arctostaphylos); Heather (Caluna); Heath (Erica); Trailing Arbutus or Mayflower (Epigaea); Labrador Tea (Ledum); Sourwood or Sorrel Tree (Oxydendrum); Azalea, Rhodora, Rhododendron or Pinxter Flower (Rhododendron); Laurel (Kalmia); Blueberry and Cranberry (Vaccinium); Huckleberry (Gaylussacia); also Menziesia, Chamaedaphne, Cassiope, Andromeda, and others.
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Forty to 50 genera are in cultivation in N. America. Among these are the Strawberry Tree or Madrona (Arbutus); Bearberry (Arctostaphylos); Heather (Caluna); Heath (Erica); Trailing Arbutus or Mayflower (Epigaea); Labrador Tea (Ledum); Sourwood or Sorrel Tree (Oxydendrum); Azalea, Rhodora, Rhododendron or Pinxter Flower (Rhododendron); Laurel (Kalmia); Blueberry and Cranberry (Vaccinium); Huckleberry (Gaylussacia); also Menziesia, Chamaedaphne, Cassiope, Andromeda, and others.{{SCH}}
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{{SCH}}
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Ericaceae
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| image = Erica arborea.JPG
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_caption = ''[[Tree heath|Erica arborea]]''
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Ericales]]
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| familia = '''Ericaceae'''
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| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera
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| subdivision = See text.
   
}}
 
}}
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The [[plant]] [[family (biology)|family]] '''Ericaceae''' (also called the ''heath family'' or ''ericaceous plants'') are mostly [[calcium oxide|lime]]-hating or [[calcifuge]] plants that thrive in [[acid]] [[soil]]s. The family Ericaceae includes numerous plants from mostly temperate climates: [[cranberry]], [[blueberry]], [[Erica|heath]], [[Calluna vulgaris|heather]], [[huckleberry]], [[azalea]] and [[rhododendron]] are well-known examples.
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==Genera==
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Recent genetic research by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] has resulted in the inclusion of the formerly recognised families Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, [[Monotropaceae]], Prionotaceae and [[Pyrolaceae]] into Ericaceae. Most Ericaceae, except Monotropaceae, Prionotaceae and Pyrolaceae form [[ericoid mycorrhiza]]. This symbiotic relationship is considered crucial to the success of members of the family in [[Edaphic|edaphically]] stressful environments worldwide (Cairney and Meharg, 2003).
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[[Image:Erica junonia00.jpg|thumb|left|<center>'''''Erica junonia'' [[Harry Bolus|Bolus]]'''</center>]]
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{{-}}
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== Genera ==
   
{|
 
{|
 
|- valign=top
 
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*''[[Prionotes]]''
 
*''[[Prionotes]]''
 
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*''[[Psammisia]]''<!-- BIOTROPICA 34(1): 68–80 -->
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*''[[Psammisia]]''
 
*''[[Pinedrops|Pterospora]]''
 
*''[[Pinedrops|Pterospora]]''
 
*''[[Pyrola]]''
 
*''[[Pyrola]]''
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*''[[Zenobia (plant)|Zenobia]]''
 
*''[[Zenobia (plant)|Zenobia]]''
 
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|}
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{{SCH}}
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==External links==
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==Gallery==
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{{commonscat|Ericaceae}}
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ericacea.htm Ericaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.]
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* [http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/lut2 Neotropical blueberries reference at New York Botanical Garden (very detailed, keys to genera and species, etc.)]
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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*Cairney, JWG & Meharg, AA (2003). Ericoid mycorrhiza: a partnership that exploits harsh edaphic conditions. ''European Journal of Soil Science'' '''54''', 735-740.
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
 
[[Category:Ericales]]
 
[[Category:Ericales]]
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[[Category:Ericaceae|*]]
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'''Bold text'''
 
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