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− | {{Taxobox | + | __NOTOC__{{Plantbox |
− | | color = lightgreen
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| | name = ''Monarda didyma'' | | | name = ''Monarda didyma'' |
− | | image = Bee_balm.jpg | + | | common_names = bee balm, oswego tea, horsemint |
− | | image_width = 240px | + | | growth_habit = herbaceous |
− | | image_caption = ''Monarda didyma'' | + | | high = 1m <!--- 1m (3 ft) --> |
− | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | + | | wide = 20cm <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --> |
− | | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | + | | origin = <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --> |
− | | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | + | | poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --> |
− | | ordo = [[Lamiales]] | + | | lifespan = perennial{{SSN}} |
− | | familia = [[Lamiaceae]] | + | | exposure = sun (light afternoon shade where hot) |
− | | genus = ''[[Monarda]]'' | + | | water = moderate, does not like to stand in water <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --> |
− | | species = '''''M. didyma''''' | + | | features = fragrant <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --> |
− | | binomial = ''Monarda didyma'' | + | | hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --> |
− | | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] | + | | bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --> |
− | | range_map = Monarda didyma in the USA.svg | + | | usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 --> |
− | | range_map_width = 240px | + | | sunset_zones = 2-11, 14-17, 30-41 |
− | | range_map_caption = U.S. distribution of ''Monarda didyma'' | + | | color = IndianRed |
| + | | image = Monarda-didyma.JPG <!--- Freesia.jpg --> |
| + | | image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --> |
| + | | image_caption = Monarda didyma <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --> |
| + | | regnum = Plantae |
| + | | divisio = Magnoliophyta |
| + | | classis = Magnoliopsida |
| + | | ordo = Lamiales |
| + | | familia = Lamiaceae |
| + | | genus = Monarda |
| + | | species = didyma |
| }} | | }} |
| + | This plant provides flavor and scent with its leaves and flowers. The Earl Grey tea is scented with this plant. |
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− | ''Monarda didyma'' ('''Bergamot''', '''Scarlet Beebalm''', '''Scarlet Monarda''', '''Oswego Tea''', or '''Crimson Beebalm''') is an aromatic [[herb]] in the family [[Lamiaceae]], native to eastern [[North America]] from [[Maine]] west to [[Ohio]] and south to northern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. Its name is derived from its odor which is considered similar to that of the [[bergamot orange]]. The [[binomial nomenclature|scientific name]] comes from [[Nicolas Monardes]], who described the first American flora in [[1569]].
| + | ==Cultivation== |
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| + | | color = IndianRed |
| + | | name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left --> |
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| + | }} |
| + | {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
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− | ===Description=== | + | ===Propagation=== |
− | This hardy [[perennial plant]] grows to 0.7-1.5 m in height, with the stems square in cross-section. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are opposite on the square stems, 6-15 cm long and 3-8 cm broad, and dark green with reddish leaf veins and a coarsely-toothed margin; they are glaborous or sparsely pubescent above with spreading hairs below. It has ragged, bright red tubular [[flower]]s 3-4 cm long, borne on showy heads of about 30 together, with reddish bracts. It grows in dense clusters along stream banks, thickets and ditches, flowering from July to late August.
| + | {{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
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| + | ===Pests and diseases=== |
| + | Very sensitive to mold. Do not overwater. |
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− | ===Cultivation and uses=== | + | ==Cultivars== |
− | Bergamot is extensively grown as an [[ornamental plant]] both within and outside its native range; it is [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] further west in the [[United States]] and also in parts of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. It grows best in full sun, but tolerates light shade and will thrive in any moist soil that is well-drained. Several [[cultivar]]s have been selected for different flower color, ranging from white through pink to dark red and purple.
| + | Scarlet colored: 'Adam' |
| + | Pink colored: 'Croftway Pink', 'Granite Pink', 'Marshall's Delight', 'Snow White' |
| + | Dark red colored: 'Mahogany', 'Cambridge Scarlet' |
| + | 'Violet Queen' |
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− | The name ''Oswego Tea'' comes from the [[Iroquois|Oswego]] Indians who taught the immigrants how to use it for [[tea]] after the [[Boston tea party]] in [[1773]]. The flowers and leaves are good ingredients for [[potpourri]] making.
| + | ==Gallery== |
| + | {{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --> |
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− | Note that the bergamot herb is ''not'' the source of bergamot oil, used to flavor [[Earl Grey tea]]; that comes from the [[bergamot orange]], a [[Mediterranean]] [[citrus]] [[fruit]].
| + | <gallery> |
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 |
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 |
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 |
| + | Image:Bee_balm.jpg|Monarda didyma |
| + | </gallery> |
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− | ==References== | + | ==References== |
− | *[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24535 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Monarda didyma'']
| + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
− | *[http://www.missouriplants.com/Redopp/Monarda_didyma_page.html Missouri Plants: ''Monarda didyma''] | + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> |
− | *[http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_oswego_tea.htm Oswego tea]
| + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> |
− | * {{cite book | author=[[Neltje Blanchan|Blanchan, Neltje]] | title=[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]] | year=[[2005]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}} | |
− | * {{cite book | author=[[Alfred Pink|Pink, A.]] | title=[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11892 Gardening for the Million.] | year=[[2004]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
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− | *[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MODI USDA Plants Profile: ''Monarda didyma''] | |
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− | {{wikiversity-bc|Monarda didyma}} | + | ==External links== |
− | [[Category:Lamiaceae]] | + | *{{wplink}} |
− | [[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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− | [[Category:Wildflowers of the Great Smoky Mountains]]
| + | {{stub}} |
| + | [[Category:Categorize]] |
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| + | <!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --> |