Difference between revisions of "Actaea"

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Actaea''
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| common_names = baneberry, bugbane
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| growth_habit = herbaceous
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| high = ?m (2.5 ft){{SSN}}
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = temperate N Hemisphere{{wp}}
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| poisonous = all parts when ingested{{SSN}}
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| lifespan = perennial{{SSN}}
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| exposure = semi-shade, shade{{SSN}}
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| water = regular{{SSN}}
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones = 1-5, 30-45{{SSN}}
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Actaea erythrocarpa0.jpg
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Actaea rubra
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Ranunculales
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| familia = Ranunculaceae
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| genus = Actaea
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Actaea (ancient name of the elder, transferred by Linnaeus). Ranunculaceae. Actea. Baneberry. Cohobh. Native hardy herbacous perennials. Sometimes offered in collections of hardy border plants. Not to be confounded with blue cohosh, which is Caulophyllum.
 
Actaea (ancient name of the elder, transferred by Linnaeus). Ranunculaceae. Actea. Baneberry. Cohobh. Native hardy herbacous perennials. Sometimes offered in collections of hardy border plants. Not to be confounded with blue cohosh, which is Caulophyllum.
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Leaflets of the twice- or thrice-ter- nate lvs. ovate, sharply cleft, and cut- toothed: fls. small, white, in terminal aureum. racemes; sepals .4 or 5, falling early; petals 4-10, clawed; stamens many: fr. a many-seeded berry.
 
Leaflets of the twice- or thrice-ter- nate lvs. ovate, sharply cleft, and cut- toothed: fls. small, white, in terminal aureum. racemes; sepals .4 or 5, falling early; petals 4-10, clawed; stamens many: fr. a many-seeded berry.
  
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Acteas are grown chiefly for the showy spikes of small white flowers in spring, and handsome clusters of berries in autumn. Useful for rockery and wild garden, or for clumps and borders. They thrive in rich woods and shade.
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Acteas are grown chiefly for the showy spikes of small white flowers in spring, and handsome clusters of berries in autumn. Useful for rockery and wild garden, or for clumps and borders. They thrive in rich woods and shade.{{SCH}}
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}}
  
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Propagation is by seeds sown in late fall to germinate the next spring or sown in spring. Old seed is said not to germinate well. A more satisfactory means of propagation is by root-division in spring.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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}}
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===Propagation===
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{{otheruses}}
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Propagation is by seeds sown in late fall to germinate the next spring or sown in spring{{SCH}}. Old seed is said not to germinate well{{SCH}}. A more satisfactory means of propagation is by root-division in spring{{SCH}}.
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{{Taxobox
 
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| color = lightgreen
 
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| name = ''Actaea''
 
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| image = Actaea erythrocarpa0.jpg
 
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| image_width = 240px
 
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| image_caption = ''[[Actaea rubra]]''
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Ranunculales]]
 
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| familia = [[Ranunculaceae]]
 
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| genus = '''''Actaea'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision = See text
 
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}}
 
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[[Image:Actaea-pachypoda.jpg|thumb|''Actaea pachypoda'' (White Baneberry)]]
 
  
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'''''Actaea''''' ('''baneberry''' or '''bugbane''') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Ranunculaceae]], native to temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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The genus is closely related to ''[[Cimicifuga]]'' and ''[[Souliea]]'', and many botanists include those genera within ''Actaea'' (e.g. Compton et al. 1998, Compton & Culham 2002, Gao et al. 2006, RHS Plant Finder, 2007) based on combined evidence from DNA sequence data, similarity in biochemical constituents and on morphology; if included, the number of species in ''Actaea'' rises to 25-30. Other botanists (e.g. Hoffman 1999, Wang et al. 1999, Lee & Park 2004) reject this merger because only one group (Actaea) have fleshy fruit while the remainder have dry fruit. The genus is treated here in its narrow sense, comprising four to eight species.
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==Species==
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The genus is closely related to ''[[Cimicifuga]]'' and ''[[Souliea]]'', and many botanists include those genera within ''Actaea'' (e.g. Compton et al. 1998, Compton & Culham 2002, Gao et al. 2006, RHS Plant Finder, 2007) based on combined evidence from DNA sequence data, similarity in biochemical constituents and on morphology; if included, the number of species in ''Actaea'' rises to 25-30{{wp}}. Other botanists (e.g. Hoffman 1999, Wang et al. 1999, Lee & Park 2004) reject this merger because only one group (Actaea) have fleshy fruit while the remainder have dry fruit{{wp}}. The genus is treated here in its narrow sense, comprising four to eight species{{wp}}.
  
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;Selected species
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;Selected species{{wp}}
 
*''[[Actaea asiatica]]''  
 
*''[[Actaea asiatica]]''  
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*''[[Actaea pachypoda]]'' - White Baneberry, White Cohosh, Doll's Eyes
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*''[[Actaea pachypoda]]'' - White Baneberry{{SSN}}, White Cohosh, Doll's Eyes{{SSN}}
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*''[[Actaea rubra]]'' (syn. ''Actaea erythrocarpa'') - Red Baneberry
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*''[[Actaea rubra]]'' (syn. ''Actaea erythrocarpa'') - Red Baneberry{{SSN}}
 
*''[[Actaea spicata]]'' (syn. ''Actaea alba'') - Baneberry, Herb Christopher
 
*''[[Actaea spicata]]'' (syn. ''Actaea alba'') - Baneberry, Herb Christopher
  
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The name ''Actaea alba'' (L.) Mill. is a confused one (Fernald 1940); although described as an American species (now named ''A. pachypoda''), the illustration on which the description was based was actually a picture of the European ''A. spicata'', and strictly, the name is therefore a [[synonymy|synonym]] of the European species. Some texts however still treat ''A. pachypoda'' under this name.
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The name ''Actaea alba'' (L.) Mill. is a confused one (Fernald 1940); although described as an American species (now named ''A. pachypoda''), the illustration on which the description was based was actually a picture of the European ''A. spicata'', and strictly, the name is therefore a [[synonymy|synonym]] of the European species{{wp}}. Some texts however still treat ''A. pachypoda'' under this name{{wp}}.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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''Actaea'' is recorded as a food plant for the [[larva]] of the [[Dot Moth]].  
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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* Compton, J. A., Culham, A. & Jury, S. L. (1998). Reclassification of Actaea to include Cimicifuga and Souliea (Ranunculaceae): Phylogeny inferred from morphology, nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA trnL-F sequence variation. ''Taxon'' 47: 593–634.
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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* Compton, JA & Culham, A., 2002. Phylogeny and circumscription of tribe Actaeeae (Ranunculaceae). Syst. Bot., 27(3): 502-511
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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* Fernald, M. L. 1940. What is Actaea alba? ''Rhodora'' 42: 260-265.
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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* Gao, J-C., Zhang, J-C., Lu, Z-J, Zhu G-Y, Yang, M-S & Xiao, P-G, 2006. Chemical constituents of Actaea asiatica Hara and their anti-osteoporosis activities Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34(9): 710-713
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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* Hoffman, M. H. 1999. The phylogeny of Actaea (Ranunculaceae): a biogeographical approach. ''Pl. Syst. Evol''. 216: 251–263.
 
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* Lee, H.-W. & Park, C.-W. (2004). New Taxa of Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae) from Korea and the United States. ''Novon'' 14: 180–184 (available [http://www.fna.org/china/novon/novo-14-02-180.pdf online (pdf file)].
 
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* RHS Plant Finder http://www.rhs.org.uk/rhsplantfinder/plantfinder.asp
 
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* Wang, W. T., Li, L.-Q. & Wang, Z. (1999). Notulae de Ran-unculaceis Sinensibus XXIII. ''Acta Phytotax. Sin''. 37: 209–219.
 
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* [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?146 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in broad sense)
 
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=100421 Flora of China: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in narrow sense)
 
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=100421 Flora of North America: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in narrow sense)
 
  
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{{commonscat|Actaea}}
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Ranunculaceae]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
  
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{{Ranunculales-stub}}
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

Revision as of 04:36, 8 July 2009


Actaea rubra


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ [[Lifespan::perennialsn]]
Origin: ✈ [[Origin::temperate N Hemispherewp]]
Poisonous: ☠ [[Poisonous::all parts when ingestedsn]]
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ semi-shade"semi-shade" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property., [[Exposure::shadesn]]
Water: ◍ [[Water::regularsn]]
Sunset Zones: [[Sunset zones::1-5, 30-45sn]]
Scientific Names

Ranunculaceae >

Actaea >



Read about Actaea in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Actaea (ancient name of the elder, transferred by Linnaeus). Ranunculaceae. Actea. Baneberry. Cohobh. Native hardy herbacous perennials. Sometimes offered in collections of hardy border plants. Not to be confounded with blue cohosh, which is Caulophyllum.

Leaflets of the twice- or thrice-ter- nate lvs. ovate, sharply cleft, and cut- toothed: fls. small, white, in terminal aureum. racemes; sepals .4 or 5, falling early; petals 4-10, clawed; stamens many: fr. a many-seeded berry.

Acteas are grown chiefly for the showy spikes of small white flowers in spring, and handsome clusters of berries in autumn. Useful for rockery and wild garden, or for clumps and borders. They thrive in rich woods and shade.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Propagation is by seeds sown in late fall to germinate the next spring or sown in springCH. Old seed is said not to germinate wellCH. A more satisfactory means of propagation is by root-division in springCH.

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

The genus is closely related to Cimicifuga and Souliea, and many botanists include those genera within Actaea (e.g. Compton et al. 1998, Compton & Culham 2002, Gao et al. 2006, RHS Plant Finder, 2007) based on combined evidence from DNA sequence data, similarity in biochemical constituents and on morphology; if included, the number of species in Actaea rises to 25-30wp. Other botanists (e.g. Hoffman 1999, Wang et al. 1999, Lee & Park 2004) reject this merger because only one group (Actaea) have fleshy fruit while the remainder have dry fruitwp. The genus is treated here in its narrow sense, comprising four to eight specieswp.

Selected specieswp

The name Actaea alba (L.) Mill. is a confused one (Fernald 1940); although described as an American species (now named A. pachypoda), the illustration on which the description was based was actually a picture of the European A. spicata, and strictly, the name is therefore a synonym of the European specieswp. Some texts however still treat A. pachypoda under this namewp.

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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