Difference between revisions of "Philodendron"

From Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
 
 
(One intermediate revision by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Taxobox
+
__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
−
| color = lightgreen
+
| name = ''Philodendron''
−
| name = Philodendrons
+
| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
 +
| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
 +
| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
 +
| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
 +
| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
 +
| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
 +
| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
 +
| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
 +
| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
 +
| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
 +
| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
 +
| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
 +
| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
 +
| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
 +
| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Philodendron01.jpg
 
| image = Philodendron01.jpg
−
| image_width = 250px
+
| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
−
| image_caption = Tree Philodendron (''Philodendron bipinnatifidum''
+
| image_caption = Tree Philodendron (''Philodendron bipinnatifidum'')
−
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
+
| regnum = Plantae
−
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
+
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
−
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
+
| classis = Liliopsida
−
| ordo = [[Alismatales]]
+
| ordo = Alismatales
−
| familia = [[Araceae]]
+
| familia = Araceae
 
| subfamilia = Aroideae
 
| subfamilia = Aroideae
 
| tribus = Philodendreae
 
| tribus = Philodendreae
−
| genus = '''''Philodendron'''
+
| genus = Philodendron
−
| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
−
| subdivision =
 
−
See text.
 
 
}}
 
}}
 +
{{Inc|
 +
Philodendron (Greek compound for tree-loving). Araceae. Shrubby or tree-like ornamental plants, usually climbing, rarely arboreous.
  
−
'''Philodendron''' [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]] 1832, is a large genus of [[flowering plant]]s from the arum family ([[Araceae]]), consisting of 700 or more species. Taxonomically it is still poorly known with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the [[Greek (language)|Greek]] philo or "love" and dendron or "tree".
+
Internodes more or less elongated: lvs. from entire to bipinnatifid: fls. monoecious, on spadices, with no perianth, the sterile with 2-6 stamens united into a sessile obpyramidal body, the pistillate fls. with a 2-10- loculed ovary and some staminodia, the berries inclosed in the involute spathe.—The species are all Trop. American. They are monographed by Engler in Das Pflanzenrich, hft. 60 (IV. 23 Dd) 1913, who accepts 222 species. Some of them are prominent in tropical plantings.
  
−
Philodendron species can be found in diverse habitats in tropical [[United States|America]] and the [[West Indies]]. Most occur in humid tropical forests, but also in swamps, on river banks, roadsides and rock outcrops. They are shrubs and small trees, most of which are capable of clambering over other plants, or climbing the trunks of other [[tree]]s with the aid of aerial roots.
+
Only a few philodendrons can be grown to have an ornamental appearance in a small state. One which goes under the name of P. elegantissimum, with finely cut leaves, makes a good pot specimen, although it will reach considerable height when suitable opportunities are afforded. The same may be said of P. Selloum, a beautiful species with pinnatind leaves. The arborescent kinds should have a very porous rooting medium and copious supplies of water while in active growth. When climbing, they must have provision made for the roots, which are produced along the stems. Some of the species do well climbing up the stems of tall palms, such as arenga and livistona; otherwise dead trunks of tree ferns make admirable rooting substances for the roots to penetrate and cling to. Propagation is by division of the climbing stems. P. elegantissimum is an unidentified trade name.
−
+
{{SCH}}
−
Leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less [[pinnate]]. They are borne alternately on the stem. The flower [[spathe]] may be borne terminally on a stem, or in a leaf [[axil]]. They are often fragrant.  
+
}}
 +
 
 +
==Cultivation==
 +
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 +
 
 +
===Propagation===
 +
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
−
All parts of the plant are poisonous, due to the presence of [[calcium oxalate]] crystals.
+
===Pests and diseases===
 +
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
−
== Species ==
+
==Species==
−
This large genus is subdivided into several sections and subsections :  
+
This large genus is subdivided into several sections and subsections{{wp}}:  
  
−
Section Baursia, section Philopsammos, section Philodendron (subsections Achyropodium, Canniphyllium, Macrolonchium, Philodendron, Platypodium, Psoropodium and Solenosterigma), section Calostigma (subsections Bulaoana, Eucardium,  Glossophyllum, Macrobelium and Oligocarpidium), section Tritomophyllum, section Schizophyllum, section  Polytomium, section Macrogynium and section Camptogynium.
+
Section Baursia, section Philopsammos, section Philodendron (subsections Achyropodium, Canniphyllium, Macrolonchium, Philodendron, Platypodium, Psoropodium and Solenosterigma), section Calostigma (subsections Bulaoana, Eucardium,  Glossophyllum, Macrobelium and Oligocarpidium), section Tritomophyllum, section Schizophyllum, section  Polytomium, section Macrogynium and section Camptogynium.{{wp}}
  
 
* ''Philodendron acutatum'' Schott
 
* ''Philodendron acutatum'' Schott
Line 88: Line 108:
 
* ''Philodendron wendlandii'' Schott
 
* ''Philodendron wendlandii'' Schott
  
−
== Reference ==
+
{{Inc|
−
*[http://www.aroid.org/genera/Philodendron/philowel.htm The genus Philodendron]
+
P. calophyllum, Brongn. (P. nobile, Bull, in part). Lvs. tufted, 2-3 ft. long, 5-6 in. broad at middle, linear-oblong, acuminate, shining above, the costa very thick at base, with linear depressions: spathe pale yellowish green outside, inside bright carmine with white margin. N. Brazil. B.M. 7827. — P. cannifolium, Lvs. thick, coriaceous, oblong, shining above, the costa semi-terete: spathe cymbiform, green outside, purple, green and white inside. Brazil. P. Corsonianum, Makoy. Lvs. 1 1/4-2 1/4 feet long, 11-18 in. broad, shortly pinnatifid, deep green above, beneath purple with green veins: spathe with a purple-crimson spotted tube, the limb light green with red spots outside, the inside carmine with darker spots. Hybrid. — P. Devansayeanum is a scandent species with rather small glossy green leaves which, even to the petioles, are blood-red when young. Peru --P. Duvivieri, Hort. Lvs. broadly and deeply lobed . Brazil.  -- P. erubescens, C. Koch. Climbing: lvs. elongated ovate-triangular, 6-8 in. long, 4-6 in. wide: spathe black-purple. --P. Glaziovii is a climber something like P. crassinervium: lvs. oblong-acute, deep green, 12-18 in. long, 3-5 in. broad: spathe open, yellowish, crimson within the tube. Brazil. B.M. 6813. — P. Ilsemanii, Hort. Lvs. oblong, cordate, dark green, splashed or marbled with white, and sometimes tinged rose-pink. G.C. III. 43:289. — P. imperiale is mentioned in European trade-lists. Engler accounts for only one P. imperiale (of Schott) and that he makes a synonym of P. asperatum, Koch. Sander & Co. advertise P. imperiale var. Laucheana: "a lovely trailing stove foliage plant, which is admirably adapted for growing on pillars or wire shapes. It is quite distinct from and greatly superior to the well-known P. imperiale. The habit is much more graceful, the heart-shaped foliage smaller and more elegant. Down the center, from either side of me broad light green midrib, extend irregular blotches of dark green, projecting into a clear glaucous color, the edges of which are relieved by green blotches. The bases of the petioles bear bright red and green phyllodes." P. asperatum is a short-jointed climbing Brazilian species with cordate-ovate entire dull green lvs. — P. Mamei, Andre. Lvs. cordate-ovate, acute, variegated with white: spathe partly open above and whitish, the tube blood-red. Ecuador. R.H. 1883, p. 104 and 492; 1897, p. 573. I.H. 43:66. — P. pertusum is Monstera deliciosa. — P. Simsii, Kunth. Lvs. coriaceous, elongated triangular-sagittate. long-cuspidate, up to 20 in. long: spathe outside black-purple on the tube, yellowish on the limb. Guiana. B.M. 2643. — P. tripartitum, Schott. (Anthurium insigne, Mast.}. Lvs. 3- parted, 6-7 in. long: spathe-tube oblong, the blade whitish, ovate, shortly acuminate. Venezuela. — P. Warscewiezii, C. Koch. Lvs. triangular-sagittate, bipinnatifid, primrose, the lateral primary segms. 5-8 in. long. Cent. Amer.
 +
{{SCH}}
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
==Gallery==
 +
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
 +
 
 +
<gallery>
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*{{wplink}}
  
 +
{{stub}}
 +
[[Category:Categorize]]
  
−
[[Category:Araceae]]
+
<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

Latest revision as of 21:13, 9 July 2009


Tree Philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum)


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Araceae >

Philodendron >



Read about Philodendron in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Philodendron (Greek compound for tree-loving). Araceae. Shrubby or tree-like ornamental plants, usually climbing, rarely arboreous.

Internodes more or less elongated: lvs. from entire to bipinnatifid: fls. monoecious, on spadices, with no perianth, the sterile with 2-6 stamens united into a sessile obpyramidal body, the pistillate fls. with a 2-10- loculed ovary and some staminodia, the berries inclosed in the involute spathe.—The species are all Trop. American. They are monographed by Engler in Das Pflanzenrich, hft. 60 (IV. 23 Dd) 1913, who accepts 222 species. Some of them are prominent in tropical plantings.

Only a few philodendrons can be grown to have an ornamental appearance in a small state. One which goes under the name of P. elegantissimum, with finely cut leaves, makes a good pot specimen, although it will reach considerable height when suitable opportunities are afforded. The same may be said of P. Selloum, a beautiful species with pinnatind leaves. The arborescent kinds should have a very porous rooting medium and copious supplies of water while in active growth. When climbing, they must have provision made for the roots, which are produced along the stems. Some of the species do well climbing up the stems of tall palms, such as arenga and livistona; otherwise dead trunks of tree ferns make admirable rooting substances for the roots to penetrate and cling to. Propagation is by division of the climbing stems. P. elegantissimum is an unidentified trade name. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

This large genus is subdivided into several sections and subsectionswp:

Section Baursia, section Philopsammos, section Philodendron (subsections Achyropodium, Canniphyllium, Macrolonchium, Philodendron, Platypodium, Psoropodium and Solenosterigma), section Calostigma (subsections Bulaoana, Eucardium, Glossophyllum, Macrobelium and Oligocarpidium), section Tritomophyllum, section Schizophyllum, section Polytomium, section Macrogynium and section Camptogynium.wp

  • Philodendron acutatum Schott
  • Philodendron adamantinum Mart. ex Schott
  • Philodendron alliodorum Croat & Grayum
  • Philodendron auriculatum Standl. & L. O. Williams
  • Philodendron bipennifolium Schott
  • Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl. - Tree Philodendron
  • Philodendron black cardinal'"
  • Philodendron consanguineum Schott - Rascagarganta
  • Philodendron cordatum (Vell.) Kunth - Heartleaf Philodendron
  • Philodendron crassinervium Lindl.
  • Philodendron davidsonii Croat
  • Philodendron devansayeanum L. Linden
  • Philodendron domesticum G. S. Bunting
  • Philodendron ensifolium Croat & Grayum
  • Philodendron erubescens K. Koch & Augustin
  • Philodendron eximium Schott
  • Philodendron fragrantissimum
  • Philodendron ferrugineum Croat
  • Philodendron giganteum Schott - Giant Philodendron
  • Philodendron glaucophyllum
  • Philodendron gloriosum André
  • Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott - Vilevine
  • Philodendron hederaceum var. oxycardium (Schott) Croat
  • Philodendron herbaceum Croat & Grayum
Philodendron sp. - habit
  • Philodendron imbe Schott ex Endl. - Philodendron
  • Philodendron jacquinii Schott
  • Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott
  • Philodendron lingulatum (L.) K. Koch - Treelover
  • Philodendron mamei André
  • Philodendron marginatum Urban - Puerto Rico Philodendron
  • Philodendron martianum Engl.
  • Philodendron melanochrysum Linden & André
  • Philodendron microstictum Standl. & L. O. Williams
  • Philodendron mayoii Symon Mayo
  • Philodendron opacum Croat & Grayum
  • Philodendron ornatum Schott
  • Philodendron pedatum (Hook.) Kunth
  • Philodendron panduriforme
  • Philodendron pinnatifidum (Jacq.) Schott
  • Philodendron radiatum Schott
  • Philodendron recurvifolium Schott
  • Philodendron renauxii Reitz
  • Philodendron robustum Schott
  • Philodendron sagittifolium Liebm.
  • Philodendron santa leopol

dina Liebm.

  • Philodendron sodiroi Hort. Cf. Gard. Chron. (1883) I. 510
  • Philodendron speciosum Schott
  • Philodendron sphalerum Schott
  • Philodendron squamiferum Poepp.
  • Philodendron standleyi Grayum
  • Philodendron tripartitum (Jacq.) Schott
  • Philodendron verrucosum L. Mathieu ex Schott
  • Philodendron warscewiczii K. Koch & C. D. Bouché
  • Philodendron wendlandii Schott


Read about Philodendron in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

P. calophyllum, Brongn. (P. nobile, Bull, in part). Lvs. tufted, 2-3 ft. long, 5-6 in. broad at middle, linear-oblong, acuminate, shining above, the costa very thick at base, with linear depressions: spathe pale yellowish green outside, inside bright carmine with white margin. N. Brazil. B.M. 7827. — P. cannifolium, Lvs. thick, coriaceous, oblong, shining above, the costa semi-terete: spathe cymbiform, green outside, purple, green and white inside. Brazil. P. Corsonianum, Makoy. Lvs. 1 1/4-2 1/4 feet long, 11-18 in. broad, shortly pinnatifid, deep green above, beneath purple with green veins: spathe with a purple-crimson spotted tube, the limb light green with red spots outside, the inside carmine with darker spots. Hybrid. — P. Devansayeanum is a scandent species with rather small glossy green leaves which, even to the petioles, are blood-red when young. Peru --P. Duvivieri, Hort. Lvs. broadly and deeply lobed . Brazil. -- P. erubescens, C. Koch. Climbing: lvs. elongated ovate-triangular, 6-8 in. long, 4-6 in. wide: spathe black-purple. --P. Glaziovii is a climber something like P. crassinervium: lvs. oblong-acute, deep green, 12-18 in. long, 3-5 in. broad: spathe open, yellowish, crimson within the tube. Brazil. B.M. 6813. — P. Ilsemanii, Hort. Lvs. oblong, cordate, dark green, splashed or marbled with white, and sometimes tinged rose-pink. G.C. III. 43:289. — P. imperiale is mentioned in European trade-lists. Engler accounts for only one P. imperiale (of Schott) and that he makes a synonym of P. asperatum, Koch. Sander & Co. advertise P. imperiale var. Laucheana: "a lovely trailing stove foliage plant, which is admirably adapted for growing on pillars or wire shapes. It is quite distinct from and greatly superior to the well-known P. imperiale. The habit is much more graceful, the heart-shaped foliage smaller and more elegant. Down the center, from either side of me broad light green midrib, extend irregular blotches of dark green, projecting into a clear glaucous color, the edges of which are relieved by green blotches. The bases of the petioles bear bright red and green phyllodes." P. asperatum is a short-jointed climbing Brazilian species with cordate-ovate entire dull green lvs. — P. Mamei, Andre. Lvs. cordate-ovate, acute, variegated with white: spathe partly open above and whitish, the tube blood-red. Ecuador. R.H. 1883, p. 104 and 492; 1897, p. 573. I.H. 43:66. — P. pertusum is Monstera deliciosa. — P. Simsii, Kunth. Lvs. coriaceous, elongated triangular-sagittate. long-cuspidate, up to 20 in. long: spathe outside black-purple on the tube, yellowish on the limb. Guiana. B.M. 2643. — P. tripartitum, Schott. (Anthurium insigne, Mast.}. Lvs. 3- parted, 6-7 in. long: spathe-tube oblong, the blade whitish, ovate, shortly acuminate. Venezuela. — P. Warscewiezii, C. Koch. Lvs. triangular-sagittate, bipinnatifid, primrose, the lateral primary segms. 5-8 in. long. Cent. Amer. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Philodendron&oldid=28573"