Difference between revisions of "Solanum dulcamara"

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Solanum dulcamara''
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| common_names = Bittersweet
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = XN Solanum dulcamara 00.jpg
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Solanales
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| familia = Solanaceae
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| genus = Solanum
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| species = dulcamara
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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Solanum dulcamara, Linn. Bitter-sweet. Fig. 3634. A more or less pubescent or sometimes glabrous shrubby climber with st. 4-6 ft. long: lvs. entire or sometimes 3-5-parted, 1-3 in. long, the entire ones cordate, ovate-cordate, or the upper ones hastate: fls. many, drooping, in panicled corymbs opposite the lvs.; corolla white or violet, 1/2 in. diam., the lobes reflexed, each segm. furnished with 2 greenish spots near the base: fr. ovoid, 1/2 in. diam., red or rarely yellowish green. Naturalized from Eu.
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Solanum dulcamara, Linn. Bitter-sweet (also known as: Bittersweet, Bitter Nightshade, Bindweed, Climbing Nightshade, Fellenwort, Felonwood, Poisonberry, Poisonflower, Scarlet Berry, Snakeberry, Trailing Bittersweet, Trailing Nightshade, Violet Bloom, Woody Nightshade{{wp}}). A more or less pubescent or sometimes glabrous shrubby climber with st. 4-6 ft. long: lvs. entire or sometimes 3-5-parted, 1-3 in. long, the entire ones cordate, ovate-cordate, or the upper ones hastate: fls. many, drooping, in panicled corymbs opposite the lvs.; corolla white or violet, 1/2 in. diam., the lobes reflexed, each segm. furnished with 2 greenish spots near the base: fr. ovoid, 1/2 in. diam., red or rarely yellowish green. Naturalized from Eu.
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}}
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{{SCH}}
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{{Taxobox
 
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| color = lightgreen
 
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| name = Bittersweet
 
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| image = XN Solanum dulcamara 00.jpg
 
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| image_width = 240px
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Solanales]]
 
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| familia = [[Solanaceae]]
 
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| genus = ''[[Solanum]]''
 
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| species = '''''S. dulcamara'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Solanum dulcamara''
 
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
 
 
}}
 
}}
  
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'''''Solanum dulcamara''''' ('''Bittersweet''', '''Bitter Nightshade''', '''Blue Bindweed''', '''Climbing Nightshade''', '''Fellenwort''', '''Felonwood''', '''Poisonberry''', '''Poisonflower''', '''Scarlet Berry''', '''Snakeberry''', '''Trailing Bittersweet''', '''Trailing Nightshade''', '''Violet Bloom''' or, '''Woody Nightshade''') is a [[species]] of vine in the [[potato]] genus ''[[Solanum]]'', family [[Solanaceae]]. It is native to [[Europe]] and [[Asia]], and widely naturalised elsewhere, including [[North America]], where it is an [[Invasive species|invasive]] problem [[weed]]. It occurs in a very wide range of [[Habitat (ecology)|habitats]], from [[woodland]]s to [[scrubland]], [[hedge (gardening)|hedge]]s and [[marsh]]es.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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[[Image:SolanumDulcamara-plant-sm.jpg|left|thumb|Plant]]
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===Propagation===
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Bittersweet is a semi-[[wood]]y [[herbaceous]] [[perennial]] [[vine]], which scrambles over other plants, capable of reaching a height of 4 m where suitable support is available, but more often 1-2 m high. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are 4-12 cm long, roughly arrowhead-shaped, and often lobed at the base. The [[flower]]s are in loose clusters of 3-20, (1-1.5 cm) across, star-shaped, with five purple petals and yellow stamens and style pointing forward. The [[fruit]] is an ovoid red [[berry]] about 1 cm long, soft and juicy, [[poisonous]] to humans and livestock but edible for [[bird]]s, which disperse the seeds widely. As with most ''Solanum'' species, the foliage is also poisonous to humans.
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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Bittersweet is used in [[homeopathic medicine]] and [[herbalism]].  Its main usage is for conditions that have an impact on the [[skin]], [[mucous membrane]] and the membrane ([[synovial membrane]]) around the joints. Bittersweet is considered to be an important remedy for treating [[herpes]] infections and [[allergies]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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==Species==
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The name '''bittersweet''' is also confusingly used in some areas for some species in the genus ''[[Celastrus]]'' (the '''[[Staff vine]]s''', family [[Celastraceae]]), e.g. [[Staff vine|American bittersweet]] (''C. scandens'') and [[Staff vine|Oriental bittersweet]] (''C. orbiculatus'').
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<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
  
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Other common names include Trailing Nightshade, Bittersweet, Trailing Bittersweet, Climbing Nightshade, Blue Bindweed, Bitter Nightshade, Fellenwort, Dogwood, Woody Nightshade, Poisonflower, Poisonberry, Snakeberry, and Scarlet Berry.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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==References==
 
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* {{cite book | author=[[Neltje Blanchan|Blanchan, Neltje]] | title=[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]] | year=[[2005]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
 
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Bittersweet3900.JPG|Flowers and unripe berries
 
Image:Bittersweet3900.JPG|Flowers and unripe berries
 
Image:XN Solanum dulcamara 01.jpg|Fruits
 
Image:XN Solanum dulcamara 01.jpg|Fruits
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Image:SolanumDulcamara-plant-sm.jpg|Plant
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
[[Category:Solanum]]
 
[[Category:Solanum]]
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[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
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[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Flora of Estonia]]
 
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[[Category:Flora of the United Kingdom]]
 

Latest revision as of 00:53, 15 July 2009


XN Solanum dulcamara 00.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Solanaceae >

Solanum >

dulcamara >



Read about Solanum dulcamara in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Solanum dulcamara, Linn. Bitter-sweet (also known as: Bittersweet, Bitter Nightshade, Bindweed, Climbing Nightshade, Fellenwort, Felonwood, Poisonberry, Poisonflower, Scarlet Berry, Snakeberry, Trailing Bittersweet, Trailing Nightshade, Violet Bloom, Woody Nightshadewp). A more or less pubescent or sometimes glabrous shrubby climber with st. 4-6 ft. long: lvs. entire or sometimes 3-5-parted, 1-3 in. long, the entire ones cordate, ovate-cordate, or the upper ones hastate: fls. many, drooping, in panicled corymbs opposite the lvs.; corolla white or violet, 1/2 in. diam., the lobes reflexed, each segm. furnished with 2 greenish spots near the base: fr. ovoid, 1/2 in. diam., red or rarely yellowish green. Naturalized from Eu. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Gallery

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  • Leaves

  • Flowers

  • Flowers and unripe berries

  • Fruits

  • Plant

References

External links


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