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Clematises of the vigorous climbing varieties are used in many places to cover walls, root-fences, mounds, arbors, balconies, trellises, small buildings, and, in fact, many other places the ingenious gardener will think of. For pot culture in the greenhouse, and for conservatory walls, the less vigorous species are best suited. All the many varieties and hybrids of the Patens and Lanuginosa types, including Henryi and the forms of Jackmanii, are well adapted to this use, as well as for outdoor purposes. The dwarfer and more bushy species are used in greenhouses to some extent, but are found principally in borders or on large rockeries. Of the latter J. B. Keller says: "Their flowers are not so large as we see them in most of the climbers, yet they are indispensable in the flower-garden, being prolific bloomers and free growers in ordinarily rich, deep garden soil. There is room for improvement in this class, however, and specialists, who hitherto have done so much for the cumbers, ought to direct their efforts now to the long-neglected bush clematises. A noble beginning has been made, resulting in the large- flowering C. Durandii, but we expect more of them in the future." Sec special notes on culture and hybrid forming qualities after the descriptions of some of the species and varieties.
 
Clematises of the vigorous climbing varieties are used in many places to cover walls, root-fences, mounds, arbors, balconies, trellises, small buildings, and, in fact, many other places the ingenious gardener will think of. For pot culture in the greenhouse, and for conservatory walls, the less vigorous species are best suited. All the many varieties and hybrids of the Patens and Lanuginosa types, including Henryi and the forms of Jackmanii, are well adapted to this use, as well as for outdoor purposes. The dwarfer and more bushy species are used in greenhouses to some extent, but are found principally in borders or on large rockeries. Of the latter J. B. Keller says: "Their flowers are not so large as we see them in most of the climbers, yet they are indispensable in the flower-garden, being prolific bloomers and free growers in ordinarily rich, deep garden soil. There is room for improvement in this class, however, and specialists, who hitherto have done so much for the cumbers, ought to direct their efforts now to the long-neglected bush clematises. A noble beginning has been made, resulting in the large- flowering C. Durandii, but we expect more of them in the future." Sec special notes on culture and hybrid forming qualities after the descriptions of some of the species and varieties.
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C. acutangula. Hook. f, & Thoms. Allied to C. lasiandra. Sts. deeply grooved: lvs. bipinnate, with ovate or ovate-lanceolate crenate lfts. : fls. axillary, brownish yellow, with the sepals winged on the back. Sept., Oct. Himalayas. Not hardy N. — C. Addisonii, Brit. Allied to C. Viorna. Upright herb; glabrous: lower lvs. simple, upper pinnate: fls. purplish. May, June. Va. and N. C. G.F. 9:325.-C. angustifolia, Jacq. Allied to C. recta. Lvs. pinnate with simple or 3-parted linear lfts. : fls. solitary or in 3's with 4-8 sepals.S. Eu. R.F.G. 4:62 (4665). — C. aristata, R. Br. Allied to C. indivisa. Evergreen: lvs. ternate, with ovate to ovate-lanceolate, cordate lfts.: fls. dioecious, white, in few-fld. axillary corymbs, 2 in. across, fragrant. Austral. B.R. 3:238 and L. B.C. 7:620 (pistillate plant). G.C. III. 32:55 (staminate plant). Var. Dennisae, Guilf. (C. Sanderi, Wats.). Fls. with salmon-red filaments. B.M. 8367. Tender. — C. barbellata, Edgew. Allied to C. montana. Lfts. ovate-lanceolate, toothed: fls. solitary, large, dull purple: achenes glabrous. Himalaya. R.H. 1858, p. 407. B.M. 4794. F.S. 9:956. — C. Benthamiana, Hemsl. (C. terniflora, Benth. not DC.). Allied to C. Meyeniana and C. chinensis. Lfts. 5, broadly ovate, subcordate, sparingly pubescent. 1½-2 in. long: fls. in axillary and terminal panicles, white, ½ in. across. China. — Of no particular ornamental value.— C. brachiata. Thunb. Climbing; pubescent: lvs. bipinnate or the upper pinnate; lfts. ovate, coarsely toothed : fls. greenish white, in axillary' panicles, fragrant, 1-1½ in. across; sepals spreading obtuse; filaments hairy at the base. S. Afr. B.R. 2:97. G.C. III. 30:367. Tender.— C. brachyura, Maxim. Similar to C. recta. Herbaceous, upright: lvs. pinnate with 3-5 ovate, 3-nerved lfts.: fls. axillary, solitary, white; sepals glabrous except at the margin: achenes few with short pubescent style. Korea. — C. Buchananiana, DC. Allied to C. nutans. Large climber, hairy: lvs. pinnate; lfts. broadly ovate, serrate or lobed: fls. in panicles, tubular; sepals ribbed. Himalaya. See also C. nutans var. thyrsoidea. — C. chinensis, Retz. Allied to C. Meyeniana. Lfts. 5, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, nearly glabrous, ¾-1½ in. long: fls. in axillary and terminal panicles. China. — C. chrysocoma, Franch. Allied to C. montana. Upright shrub: Lfts. obovate with few coarse teeth, ¾-1¾ in. long, yellowish silky-pubescent beneath: fls. axillary, 1-3, 2 in. across; sepals white with pink margin. China. B.M. 8395.— C. connata, DC. Allied to C. nutans. Large climber; glabrous: Lfts. 3-7, broadly ovate, slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous, cordate at base, coarsely serrate, often 3-lobed, 2-4 in. long: fls. ¾-1 in. long, in many-fld. panicles. Himalayas. G.F. 4:235. — C. Delavayi, Franch. Allied to C. recta. Upright shrub: lvs. pinnate; Lfts. 9-11, ovate, entire, silvery white beneath, ⅓-½ in. long: fls. white, slender-stalked, 3-5, terminal, about 1 in. across. W. China. Very distinct, but apparently not hardy N. — C. Gebleriana. Bong.=C. songarica var. Gebleriana. — C. Gouriana, Roxbg. Allied to C. grata. Tall climber; usually glabrous: Lvs. pinnate or bipinnate; Lfts. ovate-oblong, glabrous above, pubescent or sometimes glabrous beneath: fls. ⅓-½ in. across, white, in large panicles. Himalayas. S. Asia., Philippine Isls. Wight. Icon. 933-4.-C. grewiaeflora, DC. Allied to C. nutans. Tall woody climber; densely tomentose: Lfts. 3-5, broadly ovate, cordate, serrate, usually deeply 5-lobed, 3—4 in. long: fls. 1½ in. long, tubular-campanulate, tawny yellow. Himalayas. B.M. 6369. — Very distinct, but only for warmer regions. — C. hexapetala, Forst. (C. hexasepala, DC.). Allied to C. indivisa. Lvs. ternate; Lfts. coarsely dentate or lobed: fls. dioecious, in axillary cymes, greenish white, fragrant, 1 in. across. New Zeal. B.R. 32:44.-C. koreana, Komarov. Allied to C. alpina. Lvs. ternate or biternate; Lfts. ovate, cordate, coarsely toothed: fls. yellow or violet; sepals about 1 in. long; staminode. spatulate, narrow. Korea. Act. Hort. Petrop. 22 : 6. — C. macropetala, Ledeb. Allied to C. alpina. Lvs. ternate or biternate; Lfts. coarsely serrate or nearly entire: fls. large, violet: petaloid staminodes lanceolate, little shorter than sepals. N. China. Gt. 19:651. — C. mendocina, Phil. Allied to C. ligusticifolia. Lower Lfts. 3-parted or 3-lobed, segms. lanceolate: fls. monoecious, white, in panicles; sepals sparingly hairy inside: tails of achenes very long. Sept., Oct. Chile. Tender. — C. Pierotii, Miq. Allied to C. brevicaudata. Slender climber: Lvs. biternate; Lfts. ovate-oblong, coarsely serrate, 1½- 2½ in. long: fls. white, ¼in. across, solitary, or in 3-fld., rarely many-fld. cymes: achenes glabrous, with rather short plumose tails. Aug. Japan. — C. quinquefoliolata, Hutchinson (C. Meyeniana var. heterophylla, Gagnep.). Allied to C. Meyeniana. Lfts. 5. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, about 3 in. long: cymes few-fld., shorter than the Lvs.: tails of fr. fulvous. Cent. China. V.F. 3.— C. Sanderi, Wats.=C. aristata var. Dennissae.—C. smilacifolia, Wall. Tall woody climber: Lvs. simple, ovate usually cordate, entire, 3-10 in. long, rarely ternate: fls. 1-1½ in. across, brownish tomentose outside, purple inside, in axillary panicles: achenes with long feathery toil. B.M. 4259. F.S. 2, pt. 12:3. G.C. III. 30:466. —C- songarica, Bunge. Allied to C. recta. Shrubby, upright: Lvs. simple, thickish, grayish green, usually lanceolate, entire or sparingly serrate: fls. yellowish white, in terminal and axillary cymes; sepals glabrous inside. Turkestan, Mongolia. Var. Gebleriana, Kuntze (C. Gebleriana, Bong.). Lvs. thinner, more serrate, green. —C. Sukadorfii, Robins. Allied to C. ligusticifolia. Lfts. 5, ovate, to ovate-oblong, 1-1½ in. long: fls. in axillary racemes or panicles, white, 1 in. across; sepals reflexed: achenes few. Brit. Col. G.F. 9:255.—C. Thunbergii, Steud. Climbing, pubescent or glabrous: Lvs. pinnate with ovate to lanceolate, often 3-lobed or 3-parted Lfts.: fls. in axillary panicles: sepals spreading, lanceolate; filaments hairy at the base. S. Afr. G.C. III. 50:253. K. C. Davis. Alfred Rehder.
 
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