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Fitzroya (Capt. R. Fitzroy, of the British Navy; died 1855). Pinaceae. Two evergreen trees or shrubs, one of the mountains of S. Chile (F. patagonica, Hook. f. B.M. 4616), and one of Tasmania (F. archeri, Benth.). Lvs. small, 3-verticillate or decussate-opposite, imbricated: catkins very small, globose. They are little known in this country, and may be expected to thrive only in the milder parts. The former species is a tree, has lvs. mostly verticillate, ovate-oblong, in 2-4 rows, anthers commonly 4-celled, 3 ovules, and seeds 2-winged ; the latter is bushy, has opposite decussate keeled lvs., anthers 2-celled, ovules 2, seeds 3-winged. The Biltmore Nursery, N. C., lists F. patagonica, "a tree of variable dimensions, native of the Andes, from Chile to the Straits of Magellan. Lvs. dark green above, with 2 white lines beneath. ... Its value in cult, in the U. S. has not yet been fully proved;" but it is said to possess sufficient hardiness to withstand the winters in the S. It is reported as being hardy in S. England. It is monoecious, the small cones consisting of about 9 scales; the lvs. on small trees are reported as varying much in the way in which they stand on the st., but they are 4-rowed and decurrent; pollen-sacs mostly 4.

Fitzroya (Capt. R. Fitzroy, of the British Navy; died 1855). Pinaceae. Two evergreen trees or shrubs, one of the mountains of S. Chile (F. patagonica, Hook. f. B.M. 4616), and one of Tasmania (F. archeri, Benth.). Lvs. small, 3-verticillate or decussate-opposite, imbricated: catkins very small, globose. They are little known in this country, and may be expected to thrive only in the milder parts. The former species is a tree, has lvs. mostly verticillate, ovate-oblong, in 2-4 rows, anthers commonly 4-celled, 3 ovules, and seeds 2-winged ; the latter is bushy, has opposite decussate keeled lvs., anthers 2-celled, ovules 2, seeds 3-winged. The Biltmore Nursery, N. C., lists F. patagonica, "a tree of variable dimensions, native of the Andes, from Chile to the Straits of Magellan. Lvs. dark green above, with 2 white lines beneath. ... Its value in cult, in the U. S. has not yet been fully proved;" but it is said to possess sufficient hardiness to withstand the winters in the S. It is reported as being hardy in S. England. It is monoecious, the small cones consisting of about 9 scales; the lvs. on small trees are reported as varying much in the way in which they stand on the st., but they are 4-rowed and decurrent; pollen-sacs mostly 4.

==Cultivation==

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| status = EN

| status_system = iucn2.3

| image = Fitzroya_cupressoides.JPG

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| binomial_authority = [[I. M. Johnston|I.M.Johnst.]]<!--per [http://www.ipni.org/index.html]-->

'''''Fitzroya''''' is a [[genus]] in the cypress family [[Cupressaceae]] with  a single [[species]], '''''Fitzroya cupressoides''''' native to the [[Andes]] mountains of southern [[Chile]] and adjoining [[Argentina]], where it is an important member of the [[Valdivian temperate rain forests]]. The scientific name of the genus honours [[Robert FitzRoy]]; common names include '''Lahuan''' (the [[Mapuche]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] name), '''Alerce''' (South American Spanish), and '''Patagonian Cypress'''.

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It is a very large [[evergreen]] [[tree]], the largest tree species in South America, growing to 40-60 m tall and up to 5 m trunk diameter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are in decussate whorls of three, 3-6 mm long (to 8 mm long on seedlings) and 2 mm broad, marked with two white [[stomata]]l lines. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are globose, 6-8 mm diameter, opening flat to 12 mm across, with nine scales in three whorls of three. Only the central whorl of scales is fertile, bearing 2-3 [[seed]]s on each scale; the lower and upper whorls are small and sterile. The seeds are 2-3 mm long, flat, with a wing along each side. The seeds are mature 6-8 months after pollination.

===Pests and diseases===

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In [[1993]] a specimen from Chile was dated as 3622 years old. This gives it the second-greatest fully verified age recorded for any living tree (the oldest being the [[Great Basin Bristlecone Pine]]). Much larger specimens existed in the past before the species was heavily [[Deforestation|logged]] in the 19th and 20th centuries; [[Charles Darwin]] reported finding a specimen 12.6 m in diameter, which, if accurately measured, would have made it the stoutest tree ever measured anywhere in the world.

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A team of researchers from the [[University of Tasmania]] found [[fossil]]ized foliage of ''Fitzroya'' on the [[Lea River]] of northwest [[Tasmania]]. The 35 million year-old fossil has been given the species name ''Fitzroya tasmanensis''. The finding demonstrates the ancient floristic affinities between [[Australasia ecozone|Australasia]] and southern South America, which botanists identify as the [[Antarctic flora]].

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In the colonial [[Chiloé Island|Chiloé]] the ''Fitzroya'' wood was very valued and roof shingles of ''Fitzroya'' were used as money and were called "[[Spanish real|Real]] de Alerce".

[[Image:Fitzroya_cupressoides_distribution_map.jpg|thumb|Distribution Map of Fitzroya cupressoides in Central Chile]]

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==References==

==References==

* {{IUCN2006|assessors=Conifer Specialist Group|year=2000|id=30926|title=Fitzroya cupressoides|downloaded=09 May 2006}} Listed as Endangered (EN A1cd+2cd v2.3)

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

* Hill, R. S. and Whang, S. S. 1996. A new species of ''Fitzroya'' (Cupressaceae) from Oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania. ''Australian Systematic Botany'' 9(6): 867-875.

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://www.florachilena.cl/Niv_tax/Gimnospermas/Cupressaceae/Fitzroya/Fitzroya.htm ''Fitzroya cupressoides'' in Encyclopedia of the Chilean Flora]

*{{wplink}}

*[http://www.conifers.org/cu/fi/ Gymnosperm Database - ''Fitzroya cupressoides'']

 

*[http://www.chilebosque.cl/tree/fcupr.html ''Fitzroya cupressoides'' in Chilebosque]

[[Category:Categorize]]

[[Category:Cupressaceae]]

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[[Category:Trees of Chile]]