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Tomato (view source)

Revision as of 04:16, 26 August 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Solanum lycopersicum''
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| common_names = Tomato
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| growth_habit = herbaceous shrub or vine
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| high = 1-3m (3-10 ft)
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = [[Mexico]] to [[Peru]]
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan = short-lived [[perennial]]
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| exposure = full sun
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| water = regular
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| features = fruit
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| hardiness = tender/frost sensitive
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = all
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| sunset_zones = all{{SSN}}
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Tomatoes-on-the-bush.jpg
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| image_width = 200px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Tomatoes on a vine
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Solanales
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| familia = Solanaceae
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| genus = Solanum
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| species = lycopersicum
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| subspecies =
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| cultivar =
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}}
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Tomatoes are technically fruits (berries to be exact) that are treated like vegetables. Tomatoes are one of the most common garden plants in the United States and have a reputation for being easy to grow, and producing a prolific crop{{SSN}}. Plants usually grow 1–3 m high, on a weak, woody stem that often needs support. [[Leaf|Leaves]] are 10–25 cm long, with hairy leaflets. The small, 1-2cm yellow [[Flower]]s come in groups of 3–12.
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Tomatoes are grown around the world for their edible fruit, and thousands of [[Cultivar]]s having been selected for varying fruit types, colors, sizes, textures, shapes, and for optimum growth in different climates and conditions. They range in size from the 1-2cm [[Cherry tomato]]es, to the 10cm or more beefsteak tomatoes. Most cultivars are in the 5-6cm range and red is the most common color, though yellow, orange, pink, purple, green, or white fruit are also easily found. Some have multicolored and striped fruit. Tomatoes grown for [[Canning]] are usually elongated, at 7–9 cm long and 4–5 cm wide; they are known as [[Plum tomato]]es.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Tomato. The plant Lycopersicum esculentum (which see, page 1931, Vol. IV), grown extensively for its edible fruit.
 
Tomato. The plant Lycopersicum esculentum (which see, page 1931, Vol. IV), grown extensively for its edible fruit.
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The greenhouse tomato should be of the highest quality and special care should be exercised in marketing it. Small packages holding about five pounds are preferable. The tomatoes should be clean and wrapped in paper bearing the name of the grower. The grower should be able to guarantee every specimen which is packed in the number 1 grade.
 
The greenhouse tomato should be of the highest quality and special care should be exercised in marketing it. Small packages holding about five pounds are preferable. The tomatoes should be clean and wrapped in paper bearing the name of the grower. The grower should be able to guarantee every specimen which is packed in the number 1 grade.
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{{SCH}}
 
}}
 
}}
−
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
  −
| name = ''Solanum lycopersicum''
  −
| common_names = Tomato
  −
| growth_habit = herbaceous shrub or vine
  −
| high = 1-3m (3-10 ft)
  −
| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
  −
| origin = [[Mexico]] to [[Peru]]
  −
| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
  −
| lifespan = short-lived [[perennial]]
  −
| exposure = full sun
  −
| water = regular
  −
| features = fruit
  −
| hardiness = tender/frost sensitive
  −
| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
  −
| usda_zones = all
  −
| sunset_zones = all{{SSN}}
  −
| color = IndianRed
  −
| image = Tomatoes-on-the-bush.jpg
  −
| image_width = 200px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
  −
| image_caption = Tomatoes on a vine
  −
| regnum = Plantae
  −
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
  −
| classis = Magnoliopsida
  −
| ordo = Solanales
  −
| familia = Solanaceae
  −
| genus = Solanum
  −
| species = lycopersicum
  −
| subspecies =
  −
| cultivar =
  −
}} Tomatoes are technically fruits (berries to be exact) that are treated like vegetables. Tomatoes are one of the most common garden plants in the United States and have a reputation for being easy to grow, and producing a prolific crop{{SSN}}. Plants usually grow 1–3 m high, on a weak, woody stem that often needs support. [[Leaf|Leaves]] are 10–25 cm long, with hairy leaflets. The small, 1-2cm yellow [[Flower]]s come in groups of 3–12.
  −
  −
Tomatoes are grown around the world for their edible fruit, and thousands of [[Cultivar]]s having been selected for varying fruit types, colors, sizes, textures, shapes, and for optimum growth in different climates and conditions. They range in size from the 1-2cm [[Cherry tomato]]es, to the 10cm or more beefsteak tomatoes. Most cultivars are in the 5-6cm range and red is the most common color, though yellow, orange, pink, purple, green, or white fruit are also easily found. Some have multicolored and striped fruit. Tomatoes grown for [[Canning]] are usually elongated, at 7–9 cm long and 4–5 cm wide; they are known as [[Plum tomato]]es.
      
== Cultivation ==
 
== Cultivation ==
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[[Image:Tomatos in vegie garden.jpg|thumb|300px]] 6 plants provide enough fruit for a family of 4 to use fresh, and preserve{{SSN}}. Planting early, mid and late season varieties will ensure tomatoes throughout the season. Grow in sunny spot with good drainage. Soil should be neutral to a little acid{{SSN}}, if it's very acid add some sulfur, or if it's very alkaline add lime before planting. Staked and trained plants can be planted 1½ - 3 feet apart, while unstaked/trained plants should be planted 3-4 feet apart. Plant the seedlings deep, up to the first leaves, as they will form additional roots on the buried stem, giving them a healthier root system.  
 
[[Image:Tomatos in vegie garden.jpg|thumb|300px]] 6 plants provide enough fruit for a family of 4 to use fresh, and preserve{{SSN}}. Planting early, mid and late season varieties will ensure tomatoes throughout the season. Grow in sunny spot with good drainage. Soil should be neutral to a little acid{{SSN}}, if it's very acid add some sulfur, or if it's very alkaline add lime before planting. Staked and trained plants can be planted 1½ - 3 feet apart, while unstaked/trained plants should be planted 3-4 feet apart. Plant the seedlings deep, up to the first leaves, as they will form additional roots on the buried stem, giving them a healthier root system.  
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=== Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation ===
 
=== Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation ===
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[[Image:Tomatplanta.JPG|thumb|left]] In cooler climates, tomatoes are frequently grown in [[Greenhouse]]s. Cultivars like the British 'Moneymaker' and some of the cultivars grown in [[Siberia]] have been specifically bred for indoor growing. Starting seeds in a greenhouse (or at least indoors) in more [[Temperate|temperate climates]] during the winter is a common way to get a head start on the growing season. These greenhouse starts need to be hardened before planting outdoors.  
 
[[Image:Tomatplanta.JPG|thumb|left]] In cooler climates, tomatoes are frequently grown in [[Greenhouse]]s. Cultivars like the British 'Moneymaker' and some of the cultivars grown in [[Siberia]] have been specifically bred for indoor growing. Starting seeds in a greenhouse (or at least indoors) in more [[Temperate|temperate climates]] during the winter is a common way to get a head start on the growing season. These greenhouse starts need to be hardened before planting outdoors.  
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=== Propagation ===
 
=== Propagation ===
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From seed. Seeds widely available in stores and catalogs, and heirlooms varieties can be grown from seed from your favorite varieties. Plant seeds indoors 5-7 weeks before moving them to the garden in order to get a head-start on the season and production.{{SSN}} Plant seeds under ½ in. of fine soil, firmed over the seeds, and keep damp. Place in sunny window or cold frame. Temperatures from 18-21°C (65-70°F) are perfect, but anywhere from 10-29°C (50-85°F) will do{{SSN}}. When seedlings are 2 inches tall, they should be in pots at least 3-4 inches in size. Keep in a sunny spot throughout the growing process. If you buy seedlings at the store, choose the compact and sturdy plants. If they're already flowering or fruiting in a small pot, they are probably root-bound and won't be as productive in the garden.  
 
From seed. Seeds widely available in stores and catalogs, and heirlooms varieties can be grown from seed from your favorite varieties. Plant seeds indoors 5-7 weeks before moving them to the garden in order to get a head-start on the season and production.{{SSN}} Plant seeds under ½ in. of fine soil, firmed over the seeds, and keep damp. Place in sunny window or cold frame. Temperatures from 18-21°C (65-70°F) are perfect, but anywhere from 10-29°C (50-85°F) will do{{SSN}}. When seedlings are 2 inches tall, they should be in pots at least 3-4 inches in size. Keep in a sunny spot throughout the growing process. If you buy seedlings at the store, choose the compact and sturdy plants. If they're already flowering or fruiting in a small pot, they are probably root-bound and won't be as productive in the garden.  
    
=== Pests and diseases ===
 
=== Pests and diseases ===
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:''[[List of tomato diseases]]''
 
:''[[List of tomato diseases]]''
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== Cultivars ==
 
== Cultivars ==
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[[Image:Tomates anciennes.jpg|thumb]]  
 
[[Image:Tomates anciennes.jpg|thumb]]  
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==== Determinate or indeterminate ====
 
==== Determinate or indeterminate ====
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Tomatoes are first of all commonly classified as determinate or indeterminate.  
 
Tomatoes are first of all commonly classified as determinate or indeterminate.  
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==== Standard tomatoes ====
 
==== Standard tomatoes ====
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aka main crop, slicing or globe.  
 
aka main crop, slicing or globe.  
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==== Early tomatoes ====
 
==== Early tomatoes ====
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Fruit-set begins at lower night temperatures, and usually do well in cooler summer areas.  
 
Fruit-set begins at lower night temperatures, and usually do well in cooler summer areas.  
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==== Cool-summer tomatoes ====
 
==== Cool-summer tomatoes ====
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Require less heat for fruit-set and ripening.  
 
Require less heat for fruit-set and ripening.  
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==== Hybrid tomatoes ====
 
==== Hybrid tomatoes ====
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These are usually the first generation crosses between two parent lines, and sometimes indicated with an F<sub>1</sub> following the name. Hybrids can fall into any of these categories.  
 
These are usually the first generation crosses between two parent lines, and sometimes indicated with an F<sub>1</sub> following the name. Hybrids can fall into any of these categories.  
    
==== Novelty tomatoes ====
 
==== Novelty tomatoes ====
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[[Image:Raf Tomatoes.jpg|thumb]] These are grown for their unusual characteristics and colors. Many are heirloom varieties.  
 
[[Image:Raf Tomatoes.jpg|thumb]] These are grown for their unusual characteristics and colors. Many are heirloom varieties.  
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==== Large-fruited tomatoes ====
 
==== Large-fruited tomatoes ====
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aka beefsteak. Grow best where days and nights stay warm.  
 
aka beefsteak. Grow best where days and nights stay warm.  
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==== Paste tomatoes ====
 
==== Paste tomatoes ====
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aka plum. Used for sauces, paste, canning, drying. Lots of small, oval fruit. Meat is thick with few seeds.  
 
aka plum. Used for sauces, paste, canning, drying. Lots of small, oval fruit. Meat is thick with few seeds.  
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==== Small-fruited tomatoes ====
 
==== Small-fruited tomatoes ====
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aka cherry, marble. Can be as small as a currant.  
 
aka cherry, marble. Can be as small as a currant.  
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==== Heirloom tomatoes ====
 
==== Heirloom tomatoes ====
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[[Image:Heirloom tomatoes.jpg|thumb|150px]] A very wide variety of Heirlooms, kept for many generations exist today.  
 
[[Image:Heirloom tomatoes.jpg|thumb|150px]] A very wide variety of Heirlooms, kept for many generations exist today.  
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==== Patio ====
 
==== Patio ====
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Small plants good for [[Container gardens]]  
 
Small plants good for [[Container gardens]]  
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== Gallery ==
 
== Gallery ==
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<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
Image:Tomato grass backdrop.jpg|Tomato vegetable
 
Image:Tomato grass backdrop.jpg|Tomato vegetable
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</gallery>  
 
</gallery>  
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==References== <!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  --> <!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->  
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->  
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->  
 
*Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608
 
*Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608
    
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
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*{{wplink}}
 
*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
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