Difference between revisions of "Darlingtonia californica"
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| − | | latin_name = '' | + | | latin_name = ''Darlingtonia californica'' |
| − | | common_names = | + | | common_names = California Pitcher plant, Cobra Lily, Cobra Plant |
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --> | | growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --> | ||
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) --> | | high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) --> | ||
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| color = IndianRed | | color = IndianRed | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Darlingtonia californica ne1.JPG |
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --> | | image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --> | ||
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --> | | image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --> | ||
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| divisio = <!--- Phylum --> | | divisio = <!--- Phylum --> | ||
| classis = <!--- Class --> | | classis = <!--- Class --> | ||
| − | | ordo = | + | | ordo = Ericales |
| − | | familia = | + | | familia = Sarraceniaceae |
| − | | genus = | + | | genus = Darlingtonia |
| − | | species = | + | | species = californica |
| subspecies = | | subspecies = | ||
| cultivar = | | cultivar = | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Inc| | {{Inc| | ||
| − | + | Darlingtonia (after William Darlington, of West Chester, Pa., author of "Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey Marshall," and of "Florula Cestrica.") Sarraceniaceae. A monotypic genus of American pitcher-plants which, apart from their striking aspect and beautiful coloring, have acquired celebrity from their insectivorous habits. | |
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| + | The short rhizomes grow in fine muddy soil, and produce annually a terminal rosette of Lvs., all of which are modified into upright pitchers: each pitchered If. is 3-30 in. long by ½-3 in. wide, is somewhat spirally twisted, hollow throughout and with a median crest or flap in front; the tube represents the hollowed lf.- midrib, the flap is formed by the fused halves of the If. that have united by their upper faces in front of the midrib; the top part of the tube curves over in rounded fashion to form a down-directed pitcher orifice, from which depends a bilobed unusually crimson and green appendage of attractive aspect; the rounded top is also beautifully mottled by white translucent areas; the pitcher exterior and the appendage bear many honey- glands, the excretion from which tempts insects toward the orifice. The rounded hood is lighted within through the white areas, and bears many attractive honey- glands interspersed with down-directed hairs. Tempted by the former, and impelled by the latter, insects step or drop on to the upper interior of the tube. This is extremely smooth, affords no foothold, and so they soon tumble into the lower part. This is covered by down-directed hairs which prevent egress of the caught prey. Disintegration of the insects, amid a neutral liquid that is excreted by the pitcher-wall, then takes place and the products are gradually absorbed through thin areas of the lower cavity. Honey-secretion and insect-catching proceed most actively in May and June; by midsummer, therefore, each pitcher is filled to a depth of 4-8 in. by a decaying mass of insect-remains, amid which at times centipedes or a slug may be found. The genus is native from N. Cen. Calif. to S. Ore. It occurs there on the Sierras by the edge of mountain swamps or "deer-licks" at an elevation of 2,000-8,000 ft. Specimens were first hurriedly collected by W. D. Brackenridge of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, on the southern slopes of Mt. Shasta, when the explorers were retreating before attacking Indians. The specimens were described and named by Torrey. | ||
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| + | Darlingtonias have been grown outdoors in the East the year round in a few special localities. Edward Gillett at Southwick, Massachusetts, grows them in a favored spot without artificial protection. F. H. Hors- ford can preserve them at Charlotte, Vermont, with the aid of a winter mulch. | ||
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| + | As greenhouse plants, darlingtonias require the same treatment as their allies, sarracenias, dioneas and droseras. A well-grown collection of these plants is not only very interesting and curious, but also very beautiful. To succeed, they must occupy a shaded position, and never be allowed to become dry. Give a cool, moist, even temperature. If possible, a glass case should be provided for them, with provision made for ventilation; a constant moist atmosphere can be more easily maintained, and at the same time the greenhouse in which they are grown may be freely ventilated without injury to these plants. The material in which they grow best is two-thirds fern-root fiber with the dust shaken out, and one-third chopped sphagnum moss and silver sand, with a few nodules of charcoal added. About the first week in July is perhaps the best time for potting, though one must be guided by the condition of the plants, choosing a time when they are the least active. When well established they will require potting only once in two years. The pots should be placed in pot-saucers as a safeguard against their ever becoming dry, and all the space between the pots should be filled with sphagnum moss up to the rims of the pots. A temperature of 40° to 45 during winter, with a gradual rise as the days lengthen in spring, will suit them admirably. During the summer they should be kept well shaded, or they may be removed to a well- shaded frame outside in some secluded position free from hot drying winds. Propagation of these plants is effected by division of the roots, or by seeds sown on live sphagnum moss in pans, the moss being made very even and the pans placed either under a bell-jar or glass case in a cool moist atmosphere. | ||
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Darlingtonia californica, Torr. Fig. 1222. Rootstock horizontal: Lvs. 5-8 in annual rosettes, long-tubular, somewhat twisted, with median anterior flap, green below, green mottled with white over the arched hood, orifice down-directed with bilobed red and green appendage in front: fl.-stalk 10-30 in., bearing scattered bracts; fl. solitary, inverted; sepals 5, pale green; petals 5, yellowish to brown-red with red veins; stamens 15-12, inserted below ovary; ovary obconic with depressed apex, style 5-lobed with radial stigmas: caps, obovate, surrounded by the persistent sepals. Flowers from May to July, according to elevation. B.H. 5:113. F.S. 14:1440. F.M. 1869:457. B.M. 5920. I.H. 18:75. G.C. III. 7:84; 17:304; 24:339.—Intro, into cult, in 1861. Var. rubra, Hort. Differs from type in being a reddish hue. | Darlingtonia californica, Torr. Fig. 1222. Rootstock horizontal: Lvs. 5-8 in annual rosettes, long-tubular, somewhat twisted, with median anterior flap, green below, green mottled with white over the arched hood, orifice down-directed with bilobed red and green appendage in front: fl.-stalk 10-30 in., bearing scattered bracts; fl. solitary, inverted; sepals 5, pale green; petals 5, yellowish to brown-red with red veins; stamens 15-12, inserted below ovary; ovary obconic with depressed apex, style 5-lobed with radial stigmas: caps, obovate, surrounded by the persistent sepals. Flowers from May to July, according to elevation. B.H. 5:113. F.S. 14:1440. F.M. 1869:457. B.M. 5920. I.H. 18:75. G.C. III. 7:84; 17:304; 24:339.—Intro, into cult, in 1861. Var. rubra, Hort. Differs from type in being a reddish hue. | ||
{{SCH}} | {{SCH}} | ||
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==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
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<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
| − | + | Darlingtonia californica ne8.JPG|Note the small entrance to the trap underneath the swollen 'balloon', and the colourless patches that confuse prey trapped inside | |
| − | + | Darlingtonia californica02.jpg|Plants in cultivation | |
| − | + | Darlingtonia californica.jpg|Northernmost natural population | |
| + | Darlingtonia californica4.jpg|A single plant in cultivation, clearly showing the first pitcher of the season. The first few pitchers at the beginning of each growing season are much larger than the others | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Revision as of 16:50, 26 August 2009
| Origin: | ✈ | ? |
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| Exposure: | ☼ | ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property. |
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| Water: | ◍ | ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property. |
Read about Darlingtonia californica in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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Darlingtonia (after William Darlington, of West Chester, Pa., author of "Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey Marshall," and of "Florula Cestrica.") Sarraceniaceae. A monotypic genus of American pitcher-plants which, apart from their striking aspect and beautiful coloring, have acquired celebrity from their insectivorous habits. The short rhizomes grow in fine muddy soil, and produce annually a terminal rosette of Lvs., all of which are modified into upright pitchers: each pitchered If. is 3-30 in. long by ½-3 in. wide, is somewhat spirally twisted, hollow throughout and with a median crest or flap in front; the tube represents the hollowed lf.- midrib, the flap is formed by the fused halves of the If. that have united by their upper faces in front of the midrib; the top part of the tube curves over in rounded fashion to form a down-directed pitcher orifice, from which depends a bilobed unusually crimson and green appendage of attractive aspect; the rounded top is also beautifully mottled by white translucent areas; the pitcher exterior and the appendage bear many honey- glands, the excretion from which tempts insects toward the orifice. The rounded hood is lighted within through the white areas, and bears many attractive honey- glands interspersed with down-directed hairs. Tempted by the former, and impelled by the latter, insects step or drop on to the upper interior of the tube. This is extremely smooth, affords no foothold, and so they soon tumble into the lower part. This is covered by down-directed hairs which prevent egress of the caught prey. Disintegration of the insects, amid a neutral liquid that is excreted by the pitcher-wall, then takes place and the products are gradually absorbed through thin areas of the lower cavity. Honey-secretion and insect-catching proceed most actively in May and June; by midsummer, therefore, each pitcher is filled to a depth of 4-8 in. by a decaying mass of insect-remains, amid which at times centipedes or a slug may be found. The genus is native from N. Cen. Calif. to S. Ore. It occurs there on the Sierras by the edge of mountain swamps or "deer-licks" at an elevation of 2,000-8,000 ft. Specimens were first hurriedly collected by W. D. Brackenridge of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, on the southern slopes of Mt. Shasta, when the explorers were retreating before attacking Indians. The specimens were described and named by Torrey. Darlingtonias have been grown outdoors in the East the year round in a few special localities. Edward Gillett at Southwick, Massachusetts, grows them in a favored spot without artificial protection. F. H. Hors- ford can preserve them at Charlotte, Vermont, with the aid of a winter mulch. As greenhouse plants, darlingtonias require the same treatment as their allies, sarracenias, dioneas and droseras. A well-grown collection of these plants is not only very interesting and curious, but also very beautiful. To succeed, they must occupy a shaded position, and never be allowed to become dry. Give a cool, moist, even temperature. If possible, a glass case should be provided for them, with provision made for ventilation; a constant moist atmosphere can be more easily maintained, and at the same time the greenhouse in which they are grown may be freely ventilated without injury to these plants. The material in which they grow best is two-thirds fern-root fiber with the dust shaken out, and one-third chopped sphagnum moss and silver sand, with a few nodules of charcoal added. About the first week in July is perhaps the best time for potting, though one must be guided by the condition of the plants, choosing a time when they are the least active. When well established they will require potting only once in two years. The pots should be placed in pot-saucers as a safeguard against their ever becoming dry, and all the space between the pots should be filled with sphagnum moss up to the rims of the pots. A temperature of 40° to 45 during winter, with a gradual rise as the days lengthen in spring, will suit them admirably. During the summer they should be kept well shaded, or they may be removed to a well- shaded frame outside in some secluded position free from hot drying winds. Propagation of these plants is effected by division of the roots, or by seeds sown on live sphagnum moss in pans, the moss being made very even and the pans placed either under a bell-jar or glass case in a cool moist atmosphere. Darlingtonia californica, Torr. Fig. 1222. Rootstock horizontal: Lvs. 5-8 in annual rosettes, long-tubular, somewhat twisted, with median anterior flap, green below, green mottled with white over the arched hood, orifice down-directed with bilobed red and green appendage in front: fl.-stalk 10-30 in., bearing scattered bracts; fl. solitary, inverted; sepals 5, pale green; petals 5, yellowish to brown-red with red veins; stamens 15-12, inserted below ovary; ovary obconic with depressed apex, style 5-lobed with radial stigmas: caps, obovate, surrounded by the persistent sepals. Flowers from May to July, according to elevation. B.H. 5:113. F.S. 14:1440. F.M. 1869:457. B.M. 5920. I.H. 18:75. G.C. III. 7:84; 17:304; 24:339.—Intro, into cult, in 1861. Var. rubra, Hort. Differs from type in being a reddish hue. CH
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Cultivation
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Propagation
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Pests and diseases
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Species
Gallery
Note the small entrance to the trap underneath the swollen 'balloon', and the colourless patches that confuse prey trapped inside
Plants in cultivation
Northernmost natural population
A single plant in cultivation, clearly showing the first pitcher of the season. The first few pitchers at the beginning of each growing season are much larger than the others
References
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Darlingtonia californica. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Darlingtonia californica QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
