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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
| latin_name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
| color = lightgreen
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
| name = ''Gossypium''
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
| color = IndianRed
| image = Koeh-068.jpg
| image = Koeh-068.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
| image_caption = ''Gossypium barbadense''
| image_caption = Gossypium barbadense
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom -->
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| divisio = <!--- Phylum -->
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| classis = <!--- Class -->
| ordo = [[Malvales]]
| ordo = <!--- Order -->
| familia = [[Malvaceae]]
| familia = <!--- Family -->
| genus = '''''Gossypium'''''
| genus =
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| species =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subspecies =
| subdivision =
| cultivar =
}}
}}
{{Inc|
Gossypium (ancient name of the cotton plant). Malvaceae. Cotton. Perhaps thirty or more species of herbs and shrubs of warm countries, although more than 100 have been described; some authorities reduce them to about three. They are grown for the fiber that is borne on the seeds. See Co/ton. They are scarcely horticultural subjects, and therefore are not treated fully in this work.
Gossypium (ancient name of the cotton plant). Malvaceae. Cotton. Perhaps thirty or more species of herbs and shrubs of warm countries, although more than 100 have been described; some authorities reduce them to about three. They are grown for the fiber that is borne on the seeds. See Cotton. They are scarcely horticultural subjects, and therefore are not treated fully in this work.
Gossypiums are tall stout herbs, or tree-form bushes: lvs. large, alternate, petiolate, mostly prominently 3-9-lobed but sometimes entire: fls. white, yellow or purplish, provided with 3-5 large cordate calyx-like bracts; calyx entire or somewhat 5-lobed; stamens united into a column; ovary 3-5-celled, each cell 3-11- ovuled; style 3-5-lobed: fr. a loculicidally dehiscent caps., bearing seeds that are obovate, rounded or slightly angular, sometimes smooth, but usually covered with a short down or fuzz and a longer coat of brown, creamy or white hairs, called the lint.
Gossypiums are tall stout herbs, or tree-form bushes: lvs. large, alternate, petiolate, mostly prominently 3-9-lobed but sometimes entire: fls. white, yellow or purplish, provided with 3-5 large cordate calyx-like bracts; calyx entire or somewhat 5-lobed; stamens united into a column; ovary 3-5-celled, each cell 3-11- ovuled; style 3-5-lobed: fr. a loculicidally dehiscent caps., bearing seeds that are obovate, rounded or slightly angular, sometimes smooth, but usually covered with a short down or fuzz and a longer coat of brown, creamy or white hairs, called the lint.
Cotton (probably G. herbaceum) was grown in gardens in Delaware and Maryland in colonial times as an ornamental plant.
Cotton (probably G. herbaceum) was grown in gardens in Delaware and Maryland in colonial times as an ornamental plant.
Two species have been offered as ornamental plants. G. davidsonii, Kellogg, from Lower Calif, and Cerros Isls., woody, with handsome yellow fls. purple at the base, 1 in. long, and small cordate mostly entire lvs. G. sturtii, F. Muell., endemic in interior of Australia: shrub, several feet high, more or less marked with black dots: lvs. broadly ovate, entire, 1-2 in. long, glaucous: fls. large, purple with dark center; bracts to 1 in. long, cordate, entire, many-nerved, black-dotted. The common fiber-cottons are sometimes planted in northern gardens for curiosity, but they seldom make attractive plants where the nights are cool; sometimes they are seen in warm glasshouses, with other economic plants- L. H. B.
Two species have been offered as ornamental plants. G. davidsonii, Kellogg, from Lower Calif, and Cerros Isls., woody, with handsome yellow fls. purple at the base, 1 in. long, and small cordate mostly entire lvs. G. sturtii, F. Muell., endemic in interior of Australia: shrub, several feet high, more or less marked with black dots: lvs. broadly ovate, entire, 1-2 in. long, glaucous: fls. large, purple with dark center; bracts to 1 in. long, cordate, entire, many-nerved, black-dotted. The common fiber-cottons are sometimes planted in northern gardens for curiosity, but they seldom make attractive plants where the nights are cool; sometimes they are seen in warm glasshouses, with other economic plants.
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
;Commercial cotton species
;Commercial cotton species{{wp}}
Commercial [[cotton]] fibres, used to manufacture [[cloth]], are derived from the fruit of the cotton plant. The following species are grown commercially:
Commercial [[cotton]] fibres, used to manufacture [[cloth]], are derived from the fruit of the cotton plant. The following species are grown commercially:
* ''[[Gossypium arboreum]]'' [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] – Tree cotton, native to [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].
* ''[[Gossypium arboreum]]'' [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] – Tree cotton, native to [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].
* ''[[Gossypium herbaceum]]'' L. – Levant cotton, native to southern [[Africa]] and [[Arabian Peninsula]].
* ''[[Gossypium herbaceum]]'' L. – Levant cotton, native to southern [[Africa]] and [[Arabian Peninsula]].
* ''[[Gossypium hirsutum]]'' L. – Upland cotton, native to [[Central America]], [[Mexico]], the [[Caribbean]] and southern [[Florida]] - most commonly grown species in the world.
* ''[[Gossypium hirsutum]]'' L. – Upland cotton, native to [[Central America]], [[Mexico]], the [[Caribbean]] and southern [[Florida]] - most commonly grown species in the world.
;Non-commercial species
;Non-commercial species {{wp}}
* ''[[Gossypium australe]]'' [[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell]] – Endemic to north-western [[Australia]]
* ''[[Gossypium australe]]'' [[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell]] – Endemic to north-western [[Australia]]
* ''[[Gossypium darwinii]]'' - Darwin's cotton, found only on the [[Galapagos Islands]]
* ''[[Gossypium darwinii]]'' - Darwin's cotton, found only on the [[Galapagos Islands]]
Many varieties of cotton have been developed by selective breeding and hybridization of the above species. Experiments are ongoing to cross-breed various desirable traits of wild cotton species into the principal commercial species, such as resistance to insects, disease and drought-tolerance.
Many varieties of cotton have been developed by selective breeding and hybridization of the above species. Experiments are ongoing to cross-breed various desirable traits of wild cotton species into the principal commercial species, such as resistance to insects, disease and drought-tolerance.
== Cotton pests and diseases ==
==Gallery==
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
[[Image:Gorskii_04431u.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cotton field in [[Sukhumi botanical garden]], photo ''ca.'' 1912]]
[[Image:Gorskii_04431u.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cotton field in [[Sukhumi botanical garden]], photo ''ca.'' 1912]]
<gallery>
Image:Cotton_pollination_5892.JPG|''Gossypium hirsutum'' flower with [[bumblebee]] pollinator, [[Hemingway, South Carolina]]
Image:Hawn_Cotton.jpg|''Gossypium tomentosum'' boll
Image:IPMtrap4854.JPG|Integrated Pest Management bollworm trap at a cotton field in [[Manning, South Carolina]]
Image:Organic-agriculture biocontrol-cotton polistes-wasp.JPG|Natural biocontrol: Predatory [[Polistes]] wasp looking for bollworms or other caterpillars on cotton plant
</gallery>
=== Pests ===
==References==
*[[Boll weevil]], ''Anthonomus grandis''
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
*[[Cotton aphid]], ''Aphis gossypii''
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
:*Some other [[Lepidoptera]] [[larva]]e also feed on cotton - see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Cotton plants]].
*[[Thrips]], ''Thrips tabaci'' and ''Frankliniella schultzei''
=== Diseases ===
==External links==
{{See also|List of cotton diseases}}
*{{wplink}}
{{stub}}
[[Category:Categorize]]
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