Difference between revisions of "Halesia"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Styracaceae
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| name = ''Halesia''
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|genus=Halesia
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| image = Halesia carolina0.jpg
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|common_name=Silverbells, Snowdrop Tree
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| image_width = 240px
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|habit=shrub
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| image_caption = ''Halesia carolina'' (? ''H. tetraptera'')
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|Min ht metric=cm
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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|lifespan=perennial
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|features=flowers
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|flower_season=late spring
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| ordo = [[Ericales]]
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| familia = [[Styracaceae]]
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|image=Halesia carolina0.jpg
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| genus = '''''Halesia''''' [[John Ellis (naturalist)|J.Ellis]] ex [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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|image_width=240
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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|image_caption=''Halesia carolina'' (? ''H. tetraptera'')
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| subdivision = See text
 
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Halesia (Stephen Hale, 1677-1761, author of a famous work on "Vegetable Statics"). Syn. Mohrodendron. Styracaceae. Silver-Bell. Snowdrop-tree. Trees or large shrubs grown for their handsome white flowers, appearing in spring.
  
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Deciduous and more or less stellate-pubescent: lvs. short-petioled, without stipules, involute in bud, denticulate: fls. in axillary clusters or short racemes on branchlets of the previous year; calyx-tube obconical, slightly 4-ribbed, with 4 minute teeth; corolla campanulate, 4-lobed or nearly 4-parted, white; stamens 8-16; style slender; ovary inferior, 2-4-celled, with 4 ovules in each cell: fr. an oblong, dry drupe with 2-4 longitudinal wings; stone 1-3-seeded.—Three species in N. Amer.
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The snowdrop-trees are large shrubs or trees with rather large bright green generally oblong and short- stalked leaves and white slender-stalked drooping bell-shaped flowers appearing before or with the leaves and followed by winged light brown fruits. Halesia Carolina is hardy as far north as Massachusetts and is very handsome in spring when covered with its white flowers. Halesia diptera is hardy as far north as Philadelphia and is usually a smaller plant, but has larger flowers and leaves. They thrive in almost any good soil, but prefer a rich well-drained soil and a sheltered position; they are easily transplanted. Propagation is by layers or root-cuttings in spring or autumn; also by greenwood cuttings taken from forced plants. Seed should be sown at once or stratified: if allowed to become dry, it does not germinate until the second or sometimes the third year.
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'''''Halesia''''' ('''Silverbell''' or '''Snowdrop Tree''') is a small [[genus]] of four or five species of [[deciduous]] large [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s in the family [[Styracaceae]], native to eastern [[Asia]] (southeast [[China]]) and eastern [[North America]] (southern [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] south to [[Florida]] and eastern [[Texas]], [[United States]]). They grow to 5-20 m tall (rarely to 39 m), and have alternate, simple ovate [[leaf|leaves]] 5-16 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are pendulous, white or pale pink, produced in open clusters of 2-6 together, each flower 1-3 cm long. The [[fruit]] is an oblong dry [[drupe]] 2-4 cm long, with two or four narrow longitudinal ribs or wings.
 
'''''Halesia''''' ('''Silverbell''' or '''Snowdrop Tree''') is a small [[genus]] of four or five species of [[deciduous]] large [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s in the family [[Styracaceae]], native to eastern [[Asia]] (southeast [[China]]) and eastern [[North America]] (southern [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] south to [[Florida]] and eastern [[Texas]], [[United States]]). They grow to 5-20 m tall (rarely to 39 m), and have alternate, simple ovate [[leaf|leaves]] 5-16 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are pendulous, white or pale pink, produced in open clusters of 2-6 together, each flower 1-3 cm long. The [[fruit]] is an oblong dry [[drupe]] 2-4 cm long, with two or four narrow longitudinal ribs or wings.
  
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;Species  
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
 
*''[[Halesia carolina]]'' L. - eastern North America ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''H. parviflora'' '''or''' ''H. tetraptera'')
 
*''[[Halesia carolina]]'' L. - eastern North America ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''H. parviflora'' '''or''' ''H. tetraptera'')
 
*''[[Halesia diptera]]'' Ellis - southeastern North America
 
*''[[Halesia diptera]]'' Ellis - southeastern North America
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''H. monticola'' is by far the largest of the genus, with specimens up to 39 m tall known in  the [[Great Smoky Mountains National Park]] in [[North Carolina]]; the second-largest is ''H. macgregorii'', reaching 24 m in China. The others rarely exceed 10 m tall.
 
''H. monticola'' is by far the largest of the genus, with specimens up to 39 m tall known in  the [[Great Smoky Mountains National Park]] in [[North Carolina]]; the second-largest is ''H. macgregorii'', reaching 24 m in China. The others rarely exceed 10 m tall.
  
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==Taxonomy==
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H. corymbosa, Nichols.=Pterostyrax corymbosa.—H. hispida, Mast.=Pterostyrax hispida.—H. parviflora, Micbx. Shrub, resembling H. Carolina: lvs., pedicels, and calyx densely pubescent: corolla 1/3 – ½ . long: fr. 2-winged. Ga. to Fla.{{SCH}}
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The taxonomy and naming of the American species is confused and extensively disputed. The first dispute is over the exact identity of the specimen first named by [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] as ''H. carolina''; some contend that it is the same as ''H. parviflora'',<ref>Reveal, J. L., & Seldin, M. J. (1976). On the Identity of Halesia carolina L. (Styracaceae). ''Taxon'' 25 (1): 123–140. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-0262%28197602%2925%3A1%3C123%3AOTIOHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage Abstract]</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?5321 ''Halesia'']</ref><ref>USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HALES ''Halesia'']</ref> while others say it is the same as ''H. tetraptera''.<ref>Fritsch, P. W. & Lucas, S. D. (2000). Clinal Variation in the Halesia carolina Complex (Styracaceae). ''Systematic Botany'' 25 (2): 197–210. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0363-6445%28200004%2F06%2925%3A2%3C197%3ACVITHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage Abstract]</ref><ref>Florida Institute for Systematic Botany: [http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/synonyms.asp?plantID=3261 ''Halesia carolina'']</ref><ref>U.S. Forest Service Silvics Manual: [http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/halesia/carolina.htm ''Halesia carolina'']</ref> The second dispute is over whether ''H. monticola'' is sufficiently distinct from the other species to merit specific recognition or not (with its varietal placing depending on the above question, too). Neither question has yet been conclusively answered.
 
  
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The genus was named after [[Stephen Hales]] by [[John Ellis (naturalist)|John Ellis]], publishing the name in the tenth edition of Linnaeus's ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' in 1759. The name is [[conserved name|conserved]] as the same name had been used in an obscure earlier publication in 1756 for a different plant.<ref name=grin/>
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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==Cultivation and uses==
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<gallery>
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Silverbells are popular [[ornamental plant]]s in large gardens, grown for their delicate pendulous flowers in late spring.
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{reflist}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Styracaceae]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 20:56, 19 October 2009


Halesia carolina (? H. tetraptera)


Plant Characteristics
Habit   shrub

Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Bloom: ❀ late spring
Cultivation
Features: ✓ flowers
Scientific Names

Styracaceae >

Halesia >



Read about Halesia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Halesia (Stephen Hale, 1677-1761, author of a famous work on "Vegetable Statics"). Syn. Mohrodendron. Styracaceae. Silver-Bell. Snowdrop-tree. Trees or large shrubs grown for their handsome white flowers, appearing in spring.

Deciduous and more or less stellate-pubescent: lvs. short-petioled, without stipules, involute in bud, denticulate: fls. in axillary clusters or short racemes on branchlets of the previous year; calyx-tube obconical, slightly 4-ribbed, with 4 minute teeth; corolla campanulate, 4-lobed or nearly 4-parted, white; stamens 8-16; style slender; ovary inferior, 2-4-celled, with 4 ovules in each cell: fr. an oblong, dry drupe with 2-4 longitudinal wings; stone 1-3-seeded.—Three species in N. Amer.

The snowdrop-trees are large shrubs or trees with rather large bright green generally oblong and short- stalked leaves and white slender-stalked drooping bell-shaped flowers appearing before or with the leaves and followed by winged light brown fruits. Halesia Carolina is hardy as far north as Massachusetts and is very handsome in spring when covered with its white flowers. Halesia diptera is hardy as far north as Philadelphia and is usually a smaller plant, but has larger flowers and leaves. They thrive in almost any good soil, but prefer a rich well-drained soil and a sheltered position; they are easily transplanted. Propagation is by layers or root-cuttings in spring or autumn; also by greenwood cuttings taken from forced plants. Seed should be sown at once or stratified: if allowed to become dry, it does not germinate until the second or sometimes the third year.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Halesia (Silverbell or Snowdrop Tree) is a small genus of four or five species of deciduous large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, native to eastern Asia (southeast China) and eastern North America (southern Ontario, Canada south to Florida and eastern Texas, United States). They grow to 5-20 m tall (rarely to 39 m), and have alternate, simple ovate leaves 5-16 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. The flowers are pendulous, white or pale pink, produced in open clusters of 2-6 together, each flower 1-3 cm long. The fruit is an oblong dry drupe 2-4 cm long, with two or four narrow longitudinal ribs or wings.

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

H. diptera is the most distinct, readily distinguished from the other taxa by its two-winged fruit; the other taxa all have four-winged fruit.

H. monticola is by far the largest of the genus, with specimens up to 39 m tall known in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina; the second-largest is H. macgregorii, reaching 24 m in China. The others rarely exceed 10 m tall.

H. corymbosa, Nichols.=Pterostyrax corymbosa.—H. hispida, Mast.=Pterostyrax hispida.—H. parviflora, Micbx. Shrub, resembling H. Carolina: lvs., pedicels, and calyx densely pubescent: corolla 1/3 – ½ . long: fr. 2-winged. Ga. to Fla.CH

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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