Difference between revisions of "Northern Red Oak"

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Fagaceae
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|genus=Quercus
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|species=rubra
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|common_name=Northern Red Oak
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|habit=tree
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Min ht metric=cm
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|lifespan=perennial
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=RedOakTreeTrunk.JPG
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|image_width=240
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|image_width=180
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|image_caption=A large Northern Red Oak
 
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}}
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{{Inc|
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[[Image:Quercus rubra 1.jpg|thumb|left|Foliage]]
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Quercus rubra, Linn. Fig. 3306. Tree, to 80, occasionally 150 ft., with stout spreading branches forming a broad, round-topped, symmetrical head: lvs. divided about half way to the middle by wide sinuses into 7-9 triangular-ovate or ovate-oblong lobes, dull green above, light green and pubescent at first beneath, at length glabrous, 5-9 in. long: fr. short-stalked; acorn ovoid, 1 in. long, embraced only at the base 'by the 3/4-1-in.- broad cup. Nova Scotia to Fla., west to Minn, and Texas. S.S.8:409, 410. Em. 1:168. F.S. 17:1812, 1813. H.W. 2, p. 84.—Beautiful oak of rapid growth growing into a large majestic tree, with usually broad round head, the foliage turning dark red in fall. Hybrids are known with the two following species, with Q. velutina, Q. falcate, Q. Phellos and Q. imbricaria. Var. ambigua, Fern. (Q. ambigua, Michx. f., not HBK. Q. borealis, Michx. f. Q. coccinea var. ambigua, Gray). Cups deeper and somewhat turbinate; acorn usually smaller. The northern form. See also note under No. 8.
 
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{{Taxobox
 
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| color = lightgreen
 
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| name = Northern Red Oak
 
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| status = LR/lc
 
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| image = RedOakTreeTrunk.JPG
 
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| image_width = 240px
 
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| image_caption = A large Northern Red Oak in [[New Jersey]]
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[eudicotyledon|Rosopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Fagales]]
 
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| familia = [[Fagaceae]]
 
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| genus = ''[[Oak|Quercus]]''
 
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| species = '''''Q. rubra'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Quercus rubra''
 
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
 
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}}
 
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The '''Northern Red Oak''' or '''Champion Oak''', ''Quercus rubra'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''Quercus borealis''), is an [[oak]] in the [[List of Quercus species#Section Lobatae|red oak]] group (''Quercus'' section ''Lobatae''). It is a native of [[North America]], in the northeastern [[United States]] and southeast [[Canada]]. It grows from the north end of the [[Great Lakes (North America)|Great Lakes]], east to [[Nova Scotia]], south as far as [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and northern [[Alabama]], and west to eastern [[Kansas]]. It favors mesic or moderately moist valley and hillside sites with good soil that is slightly acidic. Often simply called "Red Oak", Northern Red Oak is formally so named to distinguish it from [[Southern Red Oak]] (''Q. falcata''), also known as the Spanish Oak.
 
The '''Northern Red Oak''' or '''Champion Oak''', ''Quercus rubra'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''Quercus borealis''), is an [[oak]] in the [[List of Quercus species#Section Lobatae|red oak]] group (''Quercus'' section ''Lobatae''). It is a native of [[North America]], in the northeastern [[United States]] and southeast [[Canada]]. It grows from the north end of the [[Great Lakes (North America)|Great Lakes]], east to [[Nova Scotia]], south as far as [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and northern [[Alabama]], and west to eastern [[Kansas]]. It favors mesic or moderately moist valley and hillside sites with good soil that is slightly acidic. Often simply called "Red Oak", Northern Red Oak is formally so named to distinguish it from [[Southern Red Oak]] (''Q. falcata''), also known as the Spanish Oak.
  
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[[Image:Quercus rubra 1.jpg|thumb|left|Foliage]]
 
 
In forests, the Northern Red Oak grows straight and tall, to 35 m (115 ft), exceptionally to 43 m (141 ft) tall, with a trunk of up to 1 m diameter; open-grown trees do not get so tall, but can develop a stouter trunk, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) diameter.  
 
In forests, the Northern Red Oak grows straight and tall, to 35 m (115 ft), exceptionally to 43 m (141 ft) tall, with a trunk of up to 1 m diameter; open-grown trees do not get so tall, but can develop a stouter trunk, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) diameter.  
  
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are 12-25 cm (5-10 in) long, with 7-11 lobes; the [[lobes]] are bristle-tipped, and less deeply cut than most other oaks of the red oak group (except for [[Black Oak]] which can be similar). The [[acorn]]s are borne in a shallow cup 2 cm (0.8 in) wide, have a flat base and acute apex, 12-20 mm (0.5-0.8 in) long, green, maturing nut-brown about 18 months after [[pollination]]. Despite their bitter kernel, they are eaten by [[deer]], [[squirrels]] and [[birds]].
 
The [[leaf|leaves]] are 12-25 cm (5-10 in) long, with 7-11 lobes; the [[lobes]] are bristle-tipped, and less deeply cut than most other oaks of the red oak group (except for [[Black Oak]] which can be similar). The [[acorn]]s are borne in a shallow cup 2 cm (0.8 in) wide, have a flat base and acute apex, 12-20 mm (0.5-0.8 in) long, green, maturing nut-brown about 18 months after [[pollination]]. Despite their bitter kernel, they are eaten by [[deer]], [[squirrels]] and [[birds]].
  
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The largest Northern Red Oak recorded used to be in [[Ashford, Connecticut]]. The tree has since suffered falling limbs because of its great age. However this tree is still a sight to behold; the trunk is huge, 8 m (26 feet) in girth, and the root-knees impressive. The oak is located on Giant Oak Lane off [[U.S. Highway 44]]. There are several other large oaks in the area.
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{{Inc|
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Quercus rubra, Linn. Tree, to 80, occasionally 150 ft., with stout spreading branches forming a broad, round-topped, symmetrical head: lvs. divided about half way to the middle by wide sinuses into 7-9 triangular-ovate or ovate-oblong lobes, dull green above, light green and pubescent at first beneath, at length glabrous, 5-9 in. long: fr. short-stalked; acorn ovoid, 1 in. long, embraced only at the base 'by the 3/4-1-in.- broad cup. Nova Scotia to Fla., west to Minn, and Texas.—Beautiful oak of rapid growth growing into a large majestic tree, with usually broad round head, the foliage turning dark red in fall. Hybrids are known with the two following species, with Q. velutina, Q. falcate, Q. Phellos and Q. imbricaria. Var. ambigua, Fern. (Q. ambigua, Michx. f., not HBK. Q. borealis, Michx. f. Q. coccinea var. ambigua, Gray). Cups deeper and somewhat turbinate; acorn usually smaller. The northern form.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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Northern Red Oak is the [[Provincial tree emblems of Canada|Provincial tree]] of [[Prince Edward Island]] and the [[list of US state trees|State tree]] of [[New Jersey]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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===Cultivation and uses===
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==Species==
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It is one of the most important oaks for timber production in North America.The wood is of high value. Other related oaks are also cut and marketed as Red Oak, although their wood is not always of as high a quality. These include Black Oak, Scarlet Oak,Pin Oak, Shumard Oak, Southern Red Oak and other species in the red oak group. It has been widely introduced outside of its range, and is listed as an invasive species in some parts of Europe (notably Germany In Canada, it has been successful as far north as [[Edmonton]], and has become [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] at Revelstoke, British Columbia.
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==References and external links==
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==Gallery==
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{{commons|Quercus rubra}}
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501079 Flora of North America: ''Quercus rubra'']
 
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/quru.htm ''Quercus rubra'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
 
  
 
<gallery>
 
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[[Category:Fagaceae|Oak, Northern Red]]
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 00:00, 12 December 2009


A large Northern Red Oak


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Fagaceae >

Quercus >

rubra >


Foliage

The Northern Red Oak or Champion Oak, Quercus rubra (syn. Quercus borealis), is an oak in the red oak group (Quercus section Lobatae). It is a native of North America, in the northeastern United States and southeast Canada. It grows from the north end of the Great Lakes, east to Nova Scotia, south as far as Georgia and northern Alabama, and west to eastern Kansas. It favors mesic or moderately moist valley and hillside sites with good soil that is slightly acidic. Often simply called "Red Oak", Northern Red Oak is formally so named to distinguish it from Southern Red Oak (Q. falcata), also known as the Spanish Oak.

In forests, the Northern Red Oak grows straight and tall, to 35 m (115 ft), exceptionally to 43 m (141 ft) tall, with a trunk of up to 1 m diameter; open-grown trees do not get so tall, but can develop a stouter trunk, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) diameter.

Northern Red Oak is easy to recognize by its bark, which features bark ridges that appear to have shiny stripes down the center. A few other oaks have bark with this kind of appearance in the upper tree, but the Northern Red Oak is the only tree with the striping all the way down the trunk.

The leaves are 12-25 cm (5-10 in) long, with 7-11 lobes; the lobes are bristle-tipped, and less deeply cut than most other oaks of the red oak group (except for Black Oak which can be similar). The acorns are borne in a shallow cup 2 cm (0.8 in) wide, have a flat base and acute apex, 12-20 mm (0.5-0.8 in) long, green, maturing nut-brown about 18 months after pollination. Despite their bitter kernel, they are eaten by deer, squirrels and birds.


Read about Northern Red Oak in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Quercus rubra, Linn. Tree, to 80, occasionally 150 ft., with stout spreading branches forming a broad, round-topped, symmetrical head: lvs. divided about half way to the middle by wide sinuses into 7-9 triangular-ovate or ovate-oblong lobes, dull green above, light green and pubescent at first beneath, at length glabrous, 5-9 in. long: fr. short-stalked; acorn ovoid, 1 in. long, embraced only at the base 'by the 3/4-1-in.- broad cup. Nova Scotia to Fla., west to Minn, and Texas.—Beautiful oak of rapid growth growing into a large majestic tree, with usually broad round head, the foliage turning dark red in fall. Hybrids are known with the two following species, with Q. velutina, Q. falcate, Q. Phellos and Q. imbricaria. Var. ambigua, Fern. (Q. ambigua, Michx. f., not HBK. Q. borealis, Michx. f. Q. coccinea var. ambigua, Gray). Cups deeper and somewhat turbinate; acorn usually smaller. The northern form.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • Tree in fall color

  • Detail of mature bark

  • Young red oak bark

  • Leaf and acorn

  • F

  • All leaves and acorns

References

External links


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