Difference between revisions of "Lupinus albus"

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{{ToLCleanup}}
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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Fabaceae
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{{Taxobox
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|genus=Lupinus
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| color = lightgreen
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|species=albus
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| name        = ''Lupinus albus'' L.  -  White lupin
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|common_name=white lupin
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| image file  =  
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|habit=herbaceous
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| image title  =
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|Min ht metric=cm
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| regnum      = [[Plantae]]
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| subregnum    = [[Tracheobionta]]
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|image=Lupinus albus.JPG
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| superdivisio = [[Spermatophyta]]
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|image_width=240
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| divisio      =  [[Magnoliophyta]]
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|image_caption=''Lupinus albus'' beans, cooked and pickled in brine.
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| classis      =  [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| subclassis  =  [[Rosidae]]
 
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| ordo        =  [[Fabales]]
 
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| familia      =  [[Fabaceae]]
 
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| tribus      = [[Luppineae]]
 
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| genus        =  [[Lupinus]]
 
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| species      = '''''L. albus'''''
 
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| binomial    = ''Lupinus albus''
 
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| binomial_authority = [[Linaeus|L.]], 1753
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Lupinus albus''''' ([[Linaeus]] 1753), commonly known as the '''white lupin''', is a member of the [[genus]] ''[[Lupinus]]'' in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It is a traditional [[pulse]] cultivated in the [[Mediterranean region]].
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'''''Lupinus albus''''' ([[Linaeus]] 1753), commonly known as the '''white lupin''', is a member of the [[genus]] ''[[Lupinus]]'' in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It is a traditional [[Pulse (legume)|pulse]] cultivated in the [[Mediterranean region]].
  
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== Description ==
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The white lupin is annual, more or less pubescent plant, 30 - 120 cm high, has a wide distribution in the  [[Mediterranean]] region. White Lupine is widely spread as wild plants throughout the southern [[Balkans]], the islands of [[Sicily]], [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]], and the [[Aegean Sea]], as well as in [[Israel]], [[Palestine]] and western [[Turkey]]. Occurs in meadows, pastures, and grassy slopes, predominantly on sandy and acid soils.
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The white lupin is annual, more or less pubescent plant, 30 - 120 cm high, has a wide distribution in the  [[Mediterranean]] region. White Lupine is widely spread as wild plants throughout the southern [[Balkans]], the islands of [[Sicily]], [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]], and the [[Aegean Sea]], as well as in [[Israel]], [[Palestine]] and western [[Turkey]]. Occurs in meadows, pastures, and grassy slopes, predominantly on sandy and acid soils. It is cultivated over all the Mediterranean region and also in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Syria, Central and Western Europe, USA and South America, Tropical and Southern Africa, Russia, and Ukraine. The ancient culture of white lupin under the local name "hanchcoly" was practiced until recently in Western [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].  
 
 
   
 
   
 
White lupin is distinct within the vast and polymorphous genus ''Lupinus'' L. for small variation of morphological characters. However, it has wide intraspecific variability in physiological plant properties: duration of vernalization time and growth rate, photoperiodic sensitivity, shape tolerance, drought resistance, cold- and winter-hardiness. There are winter and spring forms of white lupin.  Duration of growing period under spring sowing varies from 106 to 180 days, seed mass per plant changes from 2.2 to 40 g, green mass yield per from 9 to 250 g, protein content in seed from 35.0 to 53.7%, and oil content from 6.2 to 12.0%.  
 
White lupin is distinct within the vast and polymorphous genus ''Lupinus'' L. for small variation of morphological characters. However, it has wide intraspecific variability in physiological plant properties: duration of vernalization time and growth rate, photoperiodic sensitivity, shape tolerance, drought resistance, cold- and winter-hardiness. There are winter and spring forms of white lupin.  Duration of growing period under spring sowing varies from 106 to 180 days, seed mass per plant changes from 2.2 to 40 g, green mass yield per from 9 to 250 g, protein content in seed from 35.0 to 53.7%, and oil content from 6.2 to 12.0%.  
  
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The beginning of the [http://lupins-bk.blogspot.com/2006/07/history-of-lupin-domestication.html history of lupin cultivation] in the Old World is often associated with the times of the ancient Egyptian civilization (Zhukovsky, 1929). It is, however, more likely (Kurlovich, 2002) that originally white lupin was introduced into cultivation in ancient Greece where its greatest biodiversity was concentrated and wild-growing forms have been preserved until nowadays (ssp. ''graecus''). On the Balkan Peninsula representatives of another subspecies of white lupin (ssp. ''termis'' and ssp. ''albus'') turned wild and grows now in natural environments. Besides, the Grecian genesis of cultivated lupin is testified by lupin’s Greek name ''termis'', that may be translated as “ardent”. Until now, in may countries of the world water-soaked and boiled lupin seeds are sold on markets and in bars as delicacies (like sunflower seeds). White lupin dispersed step-by-step from Greece to adjacent countries, in particular, to Egypt and Ancient Rome. The forms with white seeds and pink-and-blue or light-pink flowers (''L. termis'') spread mainly towards the south (Egypt, Libya and Palestine), while the forms with white seeds and grayish-blue or white flowers (''L. albus'') moved to the west (Apennine Peninsula and farther).
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{{Inc|
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Lupinus albus, Linn. White Lupine. Erect st., 1 ½ ft. high: lfts. obovate-oblong, 5-7, hairy below, 1 ½ -2 in. long: fls. alternate stalked, on erect sts., quite large. white: pods large. Summer. Asia and S. Eu. — A good fodder plant said to be of greater thrift than L. luteus, and remaining green longer. Succeeds well on the poorest soil and is valuable for plowing under. Seeds are sown April-July, and the plants are plowed under when in flower.
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==Cultivation==
  
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==The scheme of [http://lupindiversity.blogspot.com/2006/08/lupinus-albus-l-white-lupin.html classification] of '''''Lupinus albus''''' L.==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
 
#Subsp. ''graecus'' (Boiss. et Spun.) Franko et Silva
 
#Subsp. ''graecus'' (Boiss. et Spun.) Franko et Silva
 
#Subsp. ''termis'' (Forsk.) Ponert.
 
#Subsp. ''termis'' (Forsk.) Ponert.
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##f. ''libkindae'' Kurl. et Stankev.
 
##f. ''libkindae'' Kurl. et Stankev.
  
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==Cultivation and uses==
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==Gallery==
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According to Zohary and Hopf (12
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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3, 2000), "even today te white lupin is an appreciated food crop and it is still cultivated in some Mediterranean countries -- particularly Egypt." They list a number of archeological findsites that include [[Bronze age]] [[Thera]] and a number of [[Aegyptus (Roman province)|Roman Egypt]] sites.
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In the Iberian Peninsula it has been traditionally a poor man's food, as it can be read in [[Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio]]. Nevertheless, it's still a very popular snack.
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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*[http://koti.mbnet.fi/bkurl/Lupin.htm  Kurlovich B.S. (2002) Lupins. Geography, classification, genetic resources and breeding , St. Petersburg, “Intan”, 468p.]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*Gladstones, J.S. 1974. Lupinus of the Mediterranean region and Africa. Bull. West. Austr. Depart. of Agr. 1974. N 26. 48 p.
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
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*Gladstones, J.S. 1998. Distribution, Origin, Taxonomy, History and Importance. In: J.S. Gladstones ''et al.'' (eds.), Lupin as Crop Plants. Biology, Production and Utilization, 1-39.
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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*Zhukovsky, P.M. 1929. A contribution to the knowledge of genus Lupinus Tourn.  Bull. Apll. Bot. Gen. Pl.-Breed. , Leningrad-Moscow, XXI, I:16-294.
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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*Zohary, D. and Hopf, M. (2000) ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'', third edition. Oxford: University Press.
 
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=LUPIN&display=31 Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Species ''Lupinus albus'' L.]
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*{{wplink}}
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*http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Lupinus+albus
 
  
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[[Category:Faboideae]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 03:17, 14 December 2009


Lupinus albus beans, cooked and pickled in brine.


Plant Characteristics
Habit   herbaceous
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Fabaceae >

Lupinus >

albus >


Lupinus albus (Linaeus 1753), commonly known as the white lupin, is a member of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae. It is a traditional pulse cultivated in the Mediterranean region.

The white lupin is annual, more or less pubescent plant, 30 - 120 cm high, has a wide distribution in the Mediterranean region. White Lupine is widely spread as wild plants throughout the southern Balkans, the islands of Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, and the Aegean Sea, as well as in Israel, Palestine and western Turkey. Occurs in meadows, pastures, and grassy slopes, predominantly on sandy and acid soils.

White lupin is distinct within the vast and polymorphous genus Lupinus L. for small variation of morphological characters. However, it has wide intraspecific variability in physiological plant properties: duration of vernalization time and growth rate, photoperiodic sensitivity, shape tolerance, drought resistance, cold- and winter-hardiness. There are winter and spring forms of white lupin. Duration of growing period under spring sowing varies from 106 to 180 days, seed mass per plant changes from 2.2 to 40 g, green mass yield per from 9 to 250 g, protein content in seed from 35.0 to 53.7%, and oil content from 6.2 to 12.0%.


Read about Lupinus albus in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Lupinus albus, Linn. White Lupine. Erect st., 1 ½ ft. high: lfts. obovate-oblong, 5-7, hairy below, 1 ½ -2 in. long: fls. alternate stalked, on erect sts., quite large. white: pods large. Summer. Asia and S. Eu. — A good fodder plant said to be of greater thrift than L. luteus, and remaining green longer. Succeeds well on the poorest soil and is valuable for plowing under. Seeds are sown April-July, and the plants are plowed under when in flower.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

  1. Subsp. graecus (Boiss. et Spun.) Franko et Silva
  2. Subsp. termis (Forsk.) Ponert.
    1. Var. abissinicus Libk.
    2. Var. subroseus Libk.
    3. Subsp. albus L.
  3. Var. albus
  4. Var.vavilovii (Atab.) Kurl. et Stankev.
  5. Var vulgaris Libk.
    1. f. libkindae Kurl. et Stankev.

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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