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Key To The Species.+
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{{Inc|
Ribes (probably derived from ribas, the Arabic name for Rheum Ribes,
Ribes (probably derived from ribas, the Arabic name for Rheum Ribes,
−or by some supposed to be the Latinized form of riebs, an old German
or by some supposed to be the Latinized form of riebs, an old German
−word for currant). Saxifragaceae. Currant. Gooseberry. Woody plants
word for currant). Saxifragaceae. Currant. Gooseberry. Woody plants
−partly grown for their edible fruits and partly for their handsome
partly grown for their edible fruits and partly for their handsome
−flowers, fruits, or foliage.
flowers, fruits, or foliage.
Unarmed or prickly shrubs with deciduous or rarely evergreen foliage:
Unarmed or prickly shrubs with deciduous or rarely evergreen foliage:
−lvs. alternate, often fascicled, simple, usually palmately lobed and
lvs. alternate, often fascicled, simple, usually palmately lobed and
−mostly plaited in the bud: fls. perfect or in some species dioecious,
mostly plaited in the bud: fls. perfect or in some species dioecious,
−5-merous, rarely 4-merous, in many-fld. to few-fld. racemes, or
5-merous, rarely 4-merous, in many-fld. to few-fld. racemes, or
−solitary; calyx-tube cylindric to rotate, like the sepals usually
solitary; calyx-tube cylindric to rotate, like the sepals usually
−colored; petals usually smaller than the sepals, often minute, rarely
colored; petals usually smaller than the sepals, often minute, rarely
−entirely wanting; stamens alternating with the petals, shorter or
entirely wanting; stamens alternating with the petals, shorter or
−longer than the sepals; ovary inferior, 1-celled; styles 1 or 2 (Fig.
longer than the sepals; ovary inferior, 1-celled; styles 1 or 2 (Fig.
−3401): fr. a many-seeded pulpy berry, crowned by the remains of the
3401): fr. a many-seeded pulpy berry, crowned by the remains of the
−calyx. —About 150 species in the colder and temperate regions of N.
calyx. —About 150 species in the colder and temperate regions of N.
−and S. Amer., N. and Cent. Asia, Eu., and N. Afr. The genus is
and S. Amer., N. and Cent. Asia, Eu., and N. Afr. The genus is
−sometimes divided into two: the true Ribes with usually unarmed sts.,
sometimes divided into two: the true Ribes with usually unarmed sts.,
−racemose fls., and jointed pedicels, and Grossularia (p. 1414) with
racemose fls., and jointed pedicels, and Grossularia (p. 1414) with
−prickly sts.; fls. solitary or in short 2-4-fld. racemes and with the
prickly sts.; fls. solitary or in short 2-4-fld. racemes and with the
−pedicels not jointed. The most recent monograph of the genus is by
pedicels not jointed. The most recent monograph of the genus is by
−Janczewski, Monographie des Groseilliers, 1907 (originally published
Janczewski, Monographie des Groseilliers, 1907 (originally published
−in Mem. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Geneve, 35:199-517, with 202 figs.),
in Mem. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Geneve, 35:199-517, with 202 figs.),
−with important supplements in Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovic, ser. B,
with important supplements in Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovic, ser. B,
−1910-13. The N. American species are treated by Coville & Britton in
1910-13. The N. American species are treated by Coville & Britton in
−North American Flora, 22:193-225 (1908) under the two genera Ribes and
North American Flora, 22:193-225 (1908) under the two genera Ribes and
−Grossularia. There are also descriptions and figures of the more
Grossularia. There are also descriptions and figures of the more
−important species in Card's Bush Fruits, 444-84, figs. 80-109 (1911).
important species in Card's Bush Fruits, 444-84, figs. 80-109 (1911).
The currants and gooseberies are usually low, upright or less often
The currants and gooseberies are usually low, upright or less often
−procumbent deciduous, rarely evergreen shrubs with prickly or unarmed
procumbent deciduous, rarely evergreen shrubs with prickly or unarmed
−branches, small or medium-sized usually lobed leaves, with rather
branches, small or medium-sized usually lobed leaves, with rather
−small solitary or racemose flowers often greenish or reddish and
small solitary or racemose flowers often greenish or reddish and
−insignificant, but in some species white or brightly colored in shades
insignificant, but in some species white or brightly colored in shades
−of red, scarlet, orange or yellow; the fruits also are often
of red, scarlet, orange or yellow; the fruits also are often
−attractive and either black, purple, scarlet, yellowish or greenish.
attractive and either black, purple, scarlet, yellowish or greenish.
−The flowers appear in spring with the leaves, and the fruits ripen in
The flowers appear in spring with the leaves, and the fruits ripen in
−June or July, but in R. fasciculatum they do not mature until
June or July, but in R. fasciculatum they do not mature until
−September and remain on the branches all winter. Most species are
September and remain on the branches all winter. Most species are
−hardy North except the evergreen ones; also R. sanguineum, R. Roezlii,
hardy North except the evergreen ones; also R. sanguineum, R. Roezlii,
−R.
R.
−Lobbii, R. viscosissimum are not quite hardy North. The tender R.
Lobbii, R. viscosissimum are not quite hardy North. The tender R.
−speciosum with fuchsia-like bright red flowers is perhaps the most
speciosum with fuchsia-like bright red flowers is perhaps the most
−showy species of the genus, though also R. sanguineum, R. odoratum, R.
showy species of the genus, though also R. sanguineum, R. odoratum, R.
−Gordonianum, R. Roezlii, R. Lobbii, R. pinetorum, R. cereum, R.
Gordonianum, R. Roezlii, R. Lobbii, R. pinetorum, R. cereum, R.
−inebrians, R. niveum, and others are handsome in bloom, while some, as
inebrians, R. niveum, and others are handsome in bloom, while some, as
−R. alpinum and R. fasciculatum, have ornamental scarlet fruits. They
R. alpinum and R. fasciculatum, have ornamental scarlet fruits. They
−are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and, particularly the
are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and, particularly the
−procumbent kinds, for planting on slopes. R. alpinum is excellent for
procumbent kinds, for planting on slopes. R. alpinum is excellent for
−shady places and as undergrowth. R. alpestre, a strong-growing and
shady places and as undergrowth. R. alpestre, a strong-growing and
−very spiny gooseberry from western China, may prove valuable as a
very spiny gooseberry from western China, may prove valuable as a
−hedge-plant. Many species bear edible fruits; the most important are
hedge-plant. Many species bear edible fruits; the most important are
−the domestic currant, R. vulgare, and the European gooseberry, R.
the domestic currant, R. vulgare, and the European gooseberry, R.
−Grossularia; of less importance are the black currant, R. nigrum, the
Grossularia; of less importance are the black currant, R. nigrum, the
−Buffalo or Missouri currant, R. odoratum, the European R. rubrum and
Buffalo or Missouri currant, R. odoratum, the European R. rubrum and
−some of the American gooseberries, as R. hirtellum, R. Cynosbati, R.
some of the American gooseberries, as R. hirtellum, R. Cynosbati, R.
−oxyacanthoides, R. setosum, R. inerme. These plants are mostly of easy
oxyacanthoides, R. setosum, R. inerme. These plants are mostly of easy
−cultivation; they grow in any moderately good loamy soil, the
cultivation; they grow in any moderately good loamy soil, the
−gooseberries preferring as a rule drier and sunnier positions, while
gooseberries preferring as a rule drier and sunnier positions, while
−the currants like more humidity and grow well in partly shaded
the currants like more humidity and grow well in partly shaded
−situations. Propagation is by seeds which germinate readily; also by
situations. Propagation is by seeds which germinate readily; also by
−hardwood cuttings in autumn and by greenwood cuttings in summer under
hardwood cuttings in autumn and by greenwood cuttings in summer under
−glass; mound-layering in summer is sometimes practised; budding or
glass; mound-layering in summer is sometimes practised; budding or
−grafting is usually resorted to only, if quick propagation of rare
grafting is usually resorted to only, if quick propagation of rare
−varieties is desired. In Europe, currants and gooseberries are
varieties is desired. In Europe, currants and gooseberries are
−sometimes grafted high on R. odoratum trained to one stem, to form
sometimes grafted high on R. odoratum trained to one stem, to form
−little standard trees. See also Currant and Gooseberry for
little standard trees. See also Currant and Gooseberry for
−cultivation.
cultivation.
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fragrans, 1. niveum, 21. xanthocarpum, 9.
fragrans, 1. niveum, 21. xanthocarpum, 9.
−R. aciculare, Smith. Allied to R. Grossularia. Spiny shrub: branches
R. aciculare, Smith. Allied to R. Grossularia. Spiny shrub: branches
slender, bristly: lvs. 3-5-lobed, usually glabrous, about 1 in. broad:
slender, bristly: lvs. 3-5-lobed, usually glabrous, about 1 in. broad:
