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Rose (see also Rosa). The queen of flowers; woody plants, some of them distinctly shrubby, many forms much developed horticulturally, all grown for the beautiful and mostly fragrant flowers in white, yellow, and shades of red. See also Rosa.
Rosa (ancient Latin name). Rosaceae. Rose. Ornamental shrubs chiefly grown for handsome flowers, also for ornamental fruits and attractive foliage.
Deciduous or sometimes evergreen, upright, less often climbing or creeping shrubs with usually prickly sts.: lvs. alternate, odd-pinnate, rarely simple, stipulate (Figs. 3430, 3431): fls. solitary or corymbose at the end of usually short branchlets; petals and sepals 5, rarely 4; stamens numerous; pistils numerous, rarely few, inclosed in an urn-shaped receptacle, which becomes fleshy and berry-like at maturity, containing several or many bony achenes, usually erroneously called seeds; the fr. itself is called a "hip." Rosa is a widespread genus, easily distinguished by well- marked characters from allied genera, but in the limits of the genus itself the characters are exceedingly variable and it is very difficult to group into sections and species the innumerable forms which often pass gradually into each other. In no other genus, perhaps, are the opinions of botanists so much at variance in regard to the number of species. While some, as Bentham and Hooker, estimate the number at about 30, the French botanist Gandoger actually describes from Eu. and W. Asia alone 4,266 species. The larger number of liotanists recognize over 100 species. The roses are almost equally distributed through the colder and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, in Amer, extending to N. Mex., in Afr. to Abyssinia, and in Asia to India. The fls. show a remarkable tendency to become double, and such forms have been known and cult, from time immemorial. These innumerable garden forms, increasing every year, are almost exclusively of hybrid origin and are therefore omitted in the botanical classification of the genus.
Many attempts have been made to subdivide the genus with more or less satisfactory results; the more important are those by A. DeCandolle, Lind- ley, Regel, and Baker. Nowadays the arrangement proposed by Crepin is considered the most natural and satisfactory and has been followed in the account given below. No good general monograph has been published since Lindley's " Monographia Rosa- rum" (1820), except a rather short one by Regel in 1877. Of the more recent publications the most important are those of Crepin, especially his "Primitiae Monographiae Rosarum." In consulting his publications one has to bear in mind that the author changed his opinion somewhat respecting the value of the species during his studies of the genus. In his later publications he takes a broader view in regard to the specific value of the rose forms and unites under one species many forms which he formerly considered as distinct species. An illustrated monograph valuable for the knowledge of the older garden forms and species is Thory and Redoute's "Les Roses," with 160 colored plates (1817-20). It is quoted below as Red. Ros. As the first edition in folio is found in only very few libraries, the smaller edition is cited in parenthesis by volume, groups and the sequence of the plates, neither pages nor plates being numbered continuously in this edition. The most recent book on roses is Miss Ellen Willmott's "The Genus Rosa," with about 150 excellent colored and numerous black plates; in this work all the important species of roses, including most of the recently introduced Chinese species and the types of our cultivated garden forms, are described and figured. It is quoted below as W. R. (with the number of the species).
The economic properties of the rose are of little importance. The most valuable product is attar of roses, a highly fragrant essential oil. It is chiefly manufactured in southeast Europe and western Asia from Rosa alba and R. damascena, and of late this industry has been successfully transplanted to Germany. See Perfumery Gardening, page 2547. The fruits of some species, especially of R. villosa and R. canina, are made into preserves.
The roses are mostly low or medium-sized shrubs, usually with prickly stems, often more or less stolonif- erous, sometimes climbing or creeping, with small or medium-sized odd-pinnate deciduous or evergreen foliage and with mostly large and showy, solitary or clustered flowers ranging in color from purple, crimson, or pink to white and yellow, and followed by ornamental usually scarlet or bright red fruits remaining on the branches a long time, sometimes through the whole winter. There is probably no flower more popular and better known than the rose. From tune immemorial poets have sung its praise, and the love of it can be traced through the most ancient documents in the literature of the Aryan race. It is remarkable to note, however, that the rose has played a far inferior part in the horticulture of the Chinese and Japanese. It is probably the first flower known and cultivated in a double state, and it is the double-flowered garden form whose image the word "rose" almost invariably brings to the mind, while to the wild single-flowered roses much less attention has been given. The ornamental value of single roses is rarely fully appreciated. The wild roses have a simple charm and graceful beauty of their own. No doubt the bold and dominating beauty of the double roses has eclipsed the more modest attractions of the single roses. The longer blooming season of the garden roses is also a factor in their favor. Though the wild roses cannot, perhaps, be compared with their more noble sisters of the garden, they are nevertheless fully able to rival other ornamental shrubs for the adornment of park and plot. Most of the species are hardy or almost hardy North; among the hardiest are R. rugosa, R. virginiana, R. Carolina, R. acicularis, R. blanda, R. Woodsii, R. heliophila, R. palustris, R. rubri- folia, R. pendulina, R. canina, R. cinnamomea, and R. pomífera. Hardy at least as far north as Massachusetts are R.-spinosissima, R. rubiginosa, R. multiflora, R. Helens, R. arvensis, R. setigera, R. gallica, R. setipoda, R. omeiensis, while others, as R. Wichuraiana, R. sern- pertrirens, R. sericea, R. fœtida, R. hemisphserica, require some shelter or protection. Hardy only South are R. Banksix, R. bracteata, R. chinensis, R. Lsevigata, R. odo- rata, R. stellata. The recently introduced species from central and western China have not yet been sufficiently tested, but a large percentage appears to be hardy as far north as Massachusetts.
According to the habit peculiar to each species, they can be used for a variety of purposes. Most of the species are shrubby, rarely exceeding 6 or 8 feet, and may be used for borders of shrubberies or for covering slopes and rocky ridges, especially R. rugosa, R. Carolina, and various American species. Some kinds, a be as R. rugosa and R. virginiana, make handsome ornamental hedges. The climbing species are used for covering walls, trelliswork, arbors, porches, or pillars, but perhaps display their beauty to the most advantage when allowed to ramble over shrubs or rocks. The half- evergreen R. Wichuraiana makes a beautiful ground- cover and may also te used for edging groups and flowerbeds. The fruits of most species are decorative and often remain on the branches all winter. The red sterna of most of the species of the Carolina and Cinnamomeio groups are effective in winter also. The foliage of most of the American species turns purple-orange or yellow in autumn, and so does that of It. rugosa, which is, in regard to the foliage with its dark green leathery and glossy leaves, the handsomest of the hardy roses.
With few exceptions the roses are of easy cultivation and grow in almost any kind of soil, except in a loose and very sandy one. They are readily transplanted. The wild roses need little pruning; they should only be thinned out and the weak and old wood be removed; long and vigorous shoots should not be shortened, especially in the climbing varieties, as these shoots are the most floriferous.
All true species can be propagated by seeds, but as roses are likely to hybridize, only seeds taken from isolated plante ought to be used. The hips should be gathered as soon as ripe, the seeds washed out and sown at once or stratified and sown in spring. They germinate the first year, but if kept in the hips during the winter and allowed to become dry, they usually do not germinate until the second year. Mice are very fond of the seeds. Almost all species grow readily from cuttings of nearly ripened wood in summer under glass. Many species, especially the climbing roses, can be propagated by hardwood cuttings taken in fall and planted in spring. Layering is less often practised, except with a few species, like R. foetida and R. hemisphaerica, which do not grow readily from cuttings. Some species, especially those of the groups of Cinnamomeae, Carolinae, and Gallicae, can be increased by root-cuttings; the roots are taken up in fall, stored during the winter in sphagnum or sand in a frost-proof room, and sown in spring in drills and covered about 2 inches deep. The species of the last-named groups and some others are also often increased by suckers and division. Budding and grafting is less often done with the wild roses and should be avoided for roses in shrubberies where the individual plants cannot be carefully watched; the stock usually throws up suckers and outgrows the cion, often in a short time. For general notes on culture and varieties, see Rose.
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Rose (see also Rosa). The queen of flowers; woody plants, some of them distinctly shrubby, many forms much developed horticulturally, all grown for the beautiful and mostly fragrant flowers in white, yellow, and shades of red.
It been been said that the garden rose does not thrive in North America as it does in Europe; but however true this may have been, it scarcely holds today. The success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of the selection of adaptable varieties. These varieties are mostly the compounds of various types and species. In most garden roses it is now impossible to trace the original species with accuracy. For horticultural purposes, a purely botanical classification is of minor consequence, although, in the main, the leading garden-groups follow old specific lines. For a garden classification that follows botanical lines closely, see Baker in Gardener's Chronicle, II. 24, p. 199 (1885). It is essential to success, however, that the intending rose- grower have a clear understanding of the main horticultural groups and the kinds of varieties in them, and this information is provided in Barron's article, beginning on page 3001.
It been been said that the garden rose does not thrive in North America as it does in Europe; but however true this may have been, it scarcely holds today. The success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of the selection of adaptable varieties. These varieties are mostly the compounds of various types and species. In most garden roses it is now impossible to trace the original species with accuracy. For horticultural purposes, a purely botanical classification is of minor consequence, although, in the main, the leading garden-groups follow old specific lines. For a garden classification that follows botanical lines closely, see Baker in Gardener's Chronicle, II. 24, p. 199 (1885). It is essential to success, however, that the intending rose- grower have a clear understanding of the main horticultural groups and the kinds of varieties in them, and this information is provided in Barron's article, beginning on page 3001.
Rose organizations.
Rose organizations.
The American Rose Society was organized in New York, March 13, 1899. "to increase the general interest in the cultivation and improve the standard of excellence of the rose for all the people," to organize a system of exhibitions, and otherwise to foster, stimulate, and increase the production in every possible way of improved varieties of the rose, suitable to our American climate and requirements." The Society is a clearinghouse for those interested in roses.
The American Rose Society was organized in New York, March 13, 1899. "to increase the general interest in the cultivation and improve the standard of excellence of the rose for all the people," to organize a system of exhibitions, and otherwise to foster, stimulate, and increase the production in every possible way of improved varieties of the rose, suitable to our American climate and requirements." The Society is a clearinghouse for those interested in roses.
The present assembly on the rose, aside from the systematic account of Rosa, pages 2981 to 2999, comprises the following articles:
The present assembly on the rose, aside from the systematic account of Rosa, pages 2981 to 2999, comprises the following articles:
PageHorticultural classification of roses (Barren)................ 3001
Propagation of rosee (Watson)................................. 3004
Propagation of rosee (Watson)................................. 3004
Roses for the amateur (Huey, Beal)............................ 3006
Roses for the amateur (Huey, Beal)............................ 3006
Rose insects (Crosby and Leonard) .............................3018
Rose insects (Crosby and Leonard) .............................3018
Rose diseases (Maseey) ........................................3019
Rose diseases (Maseey) ........................................3019
Horticultural classification of roses.
Horticultural classification of roses.
* Non suckering, growing on their own roots.
* Non suckering, growing on their own roots.
Principal parties involved in the breeding of new Landscape Roses varieties are: Werner Noak (Germany), Meidiland Roses (France), & Boot & Co. (Netherlands).
Principal parties involved in the breeding of new Landscape Roses varieties are: Werner Noak (Germany), Meidiland Roses (France), & Boot & Co. (Netherlands).
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INDEX.
abyseinica, 6. bracteata, 8, 58. damascena, 19.
acicularis, 40, 45. Brownii, 5. Dawsoniana, 2.
Agatha, 17. Brunonii, 5. densa, 6.
alba, 20, 29, 33, 43. burgundiaca, 18. dijonensis, 18.
albiflora, 33. calendarum, 19. dumetorum, 25.
albo-muscosa, 18. californica, 41. Dupontii, 6.
albo-plena, 15, 33. calocarpa, 33. Eglanteria, 24, 51.
alpina, 37. Camillia, 59. Engelmannii. 40.
altaica, 49. canina, 26. exilis, 26.
arkansana, 43. carnea, 2. Fargesii, 46.
arvensis, 10. Carolina, 28, 30. Fendleri, 38.
austriaca, 17. cathayensis, 2. ferox, 33 and suppl.
Banksiae, 15. centifolia, 18. ferruginea, 27.
bengalensis, 12, Chamissoniana, 33. florida, 2.
berberifolia, 1. cherokensis, 59. foecundissima, 34.
bicolor, 51. chinensis, 11, 12. foetida, 51.
bífera, 19. cinnamomea, 34. foliolosa, 32.
blanda, 35. coruscans, 33. Fortuneana, 11, 16.
borbonica, 14. corymbosa, 28. fragrans, 11.
Bour peau iana, 40. crasse-aculeata, 44. francofurtana, 21.
Boursaulti, 36. cristata, 18. fraxinifolia, 35.
gallica, 17, 18. moschata, 5, 6. rosea, 33. 46.
gigantea, 11. Moyesii, 46. Roxburghii, 60.
glauca 27 and .suppl. multiflora, 2, 3. rubella, 49.
glaucaphylla, 52. muscosa, 18. rubicunda, 20.
gracilis, 45. myriacantha, 49. rubifolia, 4.
grandiflora, 11.30,49. nastarana, 6. rubiginosa, 24.
gymnocarpa, 47. nepalensis, 5. rubra, 8, 33.
Hardii, 1. nipponensis, 40. rubro-plena, 33.
Harisonii, 51. nitida, 31. rubro-staminea , 46.
Helenae, 7. nivea, 6, 59. rubrifolia, 27.
heliophila, 43. Noisettiana. 13. ruga, 10.
hemisphoerica, 52. normalis, 15, 60. rugosa, 33.
hibernica, 49. nutkana, 39. ruscinonensus, 6.
hirtula, 60. Nuttalliana, 28. Sayi, 40.
hispida, 39, 49. ochroleuea, 11. 49. scandens, 9.
Hugonis, 50. odorata, 11. semperflorens, 12.
humilia, 29, 30. txloratissima, 11. sempervirens, 9.
incarnata, 17, 20. officinalis, 17. sericea, 53, 54.
indica, 11, 12 and omeiensis, 54. setigera, 4.
suppl. palustris, 28. setipoda, 44.
inermis, 49. parrifiora, 30. silvestris, 10.
intermedia, 2. parvifolia, 18. simplicifolia , 1.
Iwara, 2. pendulina, 37. sinica, 59.
Jacksonii, 8. pennsylvanica, 28. Spaethiana, 33.
kamschatica, 33. persiana, 51. spinosiseima, 49.
laevigata, 59. persica, 1. spontanea, 12.
Lawrenciana, 12. pimpinellifolia, 49. stellata, 56.
Lheritierana, 36. pisocarpa, 42. sulphurea, 52.
longifolia, 12. Pissardii. 0. ternata, 59.
Luciae 8 and suppl. platyphylla, 2. tetrapetala, 53.
luteola, 29. plena, 2, 17,29,51,60. Thea, 11.
lutea, 15, 51. Polliniana, 10. Thunbergiana, 2, 33.
luteola, 49. polyantha, 2. thyrsiflora, 2.
luieo-pleno, 15. polyanthus, 2. tomentosa, 4 and
lutescens, 15, 49. pomífera, 22. suppl.
Lyoni, 30. pomponia, 18. trigintipetala, 19.
Macartnea, 58. pratincola. 43. triloba, 30.
macrantha, 17 and proatrata, 9. turbinata, 21.
suppl. provincialis, 17. versicolor, 17.
macrocarpa, 11. pseud-indica, 11. villosa,22,23,30.
macrophylla, 44, 45, pteracantha, 54. Vilmorinii, 33.
46. pubeacens, 33. virginiana, 29, 30.35.
Malyi, 37. pulchella. 18. viridiflora, 12.
Manetti, 12. pumila, 12, 17. vulgaris, 12.
microphylla, 60. punicea, 51. warleyensis, 33.
micrugosa, 33. pyrenaica, 37. Watsoniana, 3.
minima, 12. rapa, 29. Wichurae, 2.
minutifolia, 57. Rapinii, 52. Wichuraiana, 8.
mirifica, 55. reclinata, 36. Willmottiae, 35, 48.
mitissima, 49. Regeliana, 33. Woodsii, 38.
mollis. 23. repena, 10. xanthocarpa, 11.
mollissima, 23. reversa, 49. yedoensis, 2.
(The figure following the name indicates the section to which the species belongs.) R. agrestis Savi (R. sepium, Thuill.) (6). Allied to R. rubiginosa. Without bristles; pedicels smooth : fls. small, pale pink or whitish. Eu., N. Afr. W.R. 147.— R. Alberti, Regel (8). Allied to R. Will- mottiae. Branches slender, recurving: lfts. 5-9, ovate, pubescent beneath, 1/4-l 1/4 in. long fls. white, 1 1/2 in. across; sepals deciduous; pedicels smooth. Songaria, Turkestan. — R. amoyensis, Hance=R. microcarpa.—R. anemoni- flora. Fort. (1). Half-evergreen climbing shrub: lfts. 3-5, ovate - lanceolate, dark green, glabrous and shining: fls. few, white or slightly pinkish, double, the inner petals narrower and smaller. China. Half-hardy. R.H. 1849:281. W.R. 21.—R. anserinaefolia, Boiss., is a variety of R. Beggeriana, with silky pubescent lfts.—R. Aschersoniana, Graebn. (R. blanda XR. chinenais). Shrub, to 6 ft., with slender brown branches: prickles hooked: lfts. 5-7: fls. very numerous, small, bright light purple; styles usually exserted. Garden origin. Gt. 51:1504, 1.—R. banksiopsis. Baker (8). Branches brown, with subulate prickles, sometimes in pairs: lfts. 7-9, oblong, glabrous, 1 in. or more long: fls. corymbose, red; receptacle glabrous: sepals entire. W. China. W.R. 2:166.—R. Beggeriana, Scrank (8). Dense shrub, to 5 ft. : prickles in pairs: lfts. very small and bluish green: fls. corymbose, white; calyx and apex of fr. falling off, leaving the small, globular fr. with an opening at the top. N. Persia to Altai and Songaria. I.T. 5:122. W.R. 54.—R. bella, Rehd. & Wilson (8). Allied to R. Moyesii. Shrub, to 8 ft. : lfts. 7-9, elliptic or ovate, acutish, glaucescent and glabrous or nearly so beneath, 1/2-3/4in. long: fls. solitary, 1 3/4-2 in.broad, pink: fr. ovoid, scarlet, 3/4in. long. N. W. China. Var. pallens, Rehd. & Wilson. Fls. pale pink.—R. britzensis, Koehne (6). Shrub, to 6 ft.: lfts. 7-11, elliptic, glabrous, 1-1 1/2 in. long: fls. 1-2, palepink changing to white, 3-4 in. across: fr. brown, ovoid. Kurdistan. M.D. 1910, p. 94.—R. caudatas. Baker (8). Allied to R. macrophylla. Much branched: prickles subulate: lfts. 7-9, oblong, glabrous, but hispid on midrib beneath. 1-2 in. long: fls. red, few; pedicels and receptacle bristly: sepals entire: fr. oblong. W. China. W.R. 163.—R. ceraso- carpa, Rolfe=R. Gentiliana.—R. dinophylla, Thory (13). Closely allied to R. bracteata. Branches silky pubescent: prickles straight: lfts. elliptic-lanceolate, tomentose beneath: fls. white. India. B.R. 739. Tender.—R. collina, Jacq. (5). Allied to R. alba, but fls. rose-colored; sepals shorter. Probably hybrid of R. gallica with R. dumetorum.—R. coriifolia. Fries (6). Allied to R. canina. Lfts. pubescent beneath; petioles tomentose: fls. pink, short-pedicelled; bracts large; sepals upright after flowering. Eu., W. Asia. W.R. 129. Very variable. Var. Froebelii, Rehd. (R. canina var. Froebelii, Christ).Of vigorous growth: lfts. simply or doubly serrate, bluish green: fls. small, white.—R. corymbulosa, Rolfe (8). Upright or scan- dent, to 6 ft. : lfts. 3-5, ovate-oblong, doubly serrate, puberulous beneath, 2/3-1 1/2 in. long: fls. 3/4-1 in. across, red with white eye, in dense umbel-like corymbs; pedicels and receptacle glandularf-bristly: fr.globose. W.China B.M. 8566.—R. Davidii,Crepin (8). Allied to R. macrophylla. Shrub, to 10 ft.: sts. with scattered straight prickles: lfts. 7-11, elliptic to ovate-oblong, serrate, pubescent beneath, 1-2 1/2 in. long: fls. corymbose, pink, 1 1/2-2 in. across; styles exserted: pedicels like, the oblong receptacle glandular-setose, rarely glabrous: fr. scarlet, oblong-ovoid or ovoid, long-necked, 1/2-3/4in. long. W. China. Var. elongata, Rehd. & Wilson. Lfts. 2-3 in. long: fls. fewer: fr. 3/4-1 in. long. W.China.—R. davurica. Pall. (8). Allied to R. cinnamomea. Prickles straight and slender; stipules narrow: lfts. smaller, doubly serrate: pedicels longer, glandular: fr. ovate. Manchuria, Dahuria, Saghalin.—R. Ecae, Aitch. (R.xanthina. Auth., not Lindl.) (10). Upright shrub. to 4 ft., with brown branches: prickles numerous, stout, straight, wide-based: lfts. 9-11, oval, obtuse, dentate, glabrous, glandular, 1/4-1/3.in long: fls. pale yellow, solitary, short-stalked, 1-1 1/4 in. across: fr. obovoid, 1/3-1/2in. long, with reflexed sepals. Turkestan. Afghanistan. B.M. 7666. W.R. 2:94.—R. elliptica. Tausch (6). Allied to R. rubiginosa: lfts. cuneate- obovate, pubescent beneath: pedicels short, usually not glandular: fls. pinkish or whitish. Eu.—R. elymaitica, Boiss. & Hausskn. (6). Dwarf shrub, to 3 ft., with prickly zigzag branches: lfts. small, usually 5, glaucescent: fls. 1-3, small, pink: fr. globular, small. N. Persia. —R. Fcdtschenkoana, Regel (8). Sts. arching, with prickles and bristles: lfts. 7-9, oblong, glabrous or pubescent beneath, 3/4-1 1/4 in.long: fls. 1-4, white, 1 1/2-2 in. across; pedicels and receptacles hispid. Turkestan. B.M. 7770. W.R. 49.— R. ferox, Bieb. (6). Allied to R. rubiginosa. Dwarf: lfts. glandular on both sides: pedicels short, not glandular. S. E. Eu., W. Asia. W.R. 154.—R. filipes, Rehd. & Wilson (2). Allied to R. Brunonii. Sarmentose shrub, to 15 ft., with few hooked prickles: lfts. usually 5-7, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, nearly glabrous, pale beneath, 1 3/4-3 in. long: fls, white, fragrant, about 1 in. across, in large, loose corymbs; pedicels filiform, 1-1 3/4 in. long, glandular: fr. globose, 1/2-1/2in. across, scarlet; sepals deciduous. W. China.—R. floribunda. Baker— R. Gentiliana.—R. Freundiana, Graebn. (R. moschata alba hybrida, Hort. R. gallica X R. moschata). Vigorous shrub, to 6 ft.: branches with prickles and bristles: lfts. usually 5: fls. white, 1 1/2-2 in. across. very fragrant; style often exserted. Garden origin. Gt. 57, p. 471. G. 25:311.—A. Froebelii, Hort.=R. coriifolia var. Froebelii.— ft. Gentiliana, Leveille (R. floribunda, Baker. R. cerasocarpa, Rolfe) (2). Allied to R. Brunonii. Sarmentose shrub, to 12 ft., with scattered hooked prickles: lfts. 5, elliptic, abruptly acuminute, serrate, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, 1 1/2-2 in. long: fls. corymbose, white, fragrant, 1-1 1/2 in. across; pedicels and receptacles glandular: fr. dark red, globose, 1/3in. across, with deciduous sepals. Cent. China.—R. Giraldii, Crepin (8). Slender-branched shrub, to 6 ft., with straight slender prickles: lfts. usually 7, suborbicular to obovate or elliptic, acute or obtuse, serrate, pubescent, 1/4-3/4in- long: fls. solitary or few, pink, 1 in. across: fr. scarlet, ovoid. 1/3- 1/2in. long. Cent. China. Var. venulosa, Rehd. & Wilson. Lfts. reticulate beneath, glabrous above.—R. Giraldii, Cat. Hesse, is described as having rosy pink fls. with white eye and oblong scarlet frs. It is possibly a synonym of one of the species related to R. macrophylla.—R. glauca, Vill. (6). Allied to R. canina. Lfts. broadly ovate, bluish green: fls. pink; sepals upright after flowering. Eu.—R. glomerata, Rehd. & Wilson (2). Sarmentose shrub, to 20 ft., with few scattered hooked prickles: lfts. usually 5-7, oblong or oblong-ovate, short-acuminate, serrulate, rugose above, reticulate beneath and pubescent on the veins. 1 1/2-4 in. long: fls. white, fragrant, 1 in. across, in dense corymbs: fr. subglobose, orange-red, about 1/3in. across; sepals deciduous. W. China.—R. glutinosa, Sibth. & Smith (6). Allied to R. rubiginosa. Dwarf, densely prickly: lfts. densely glandular on both sides: fls. small, pink. S. E. u., W. Asia. W.R. 150.—R. gratissima, Greene (8). Allied to R. californica. Lfts. glabrous, bright green and glandular, fragrant, thin. Calif.—R hawrana, Kmet. (6). Allied to R. pomifera: flowering shoots usually unarmed: lfts. 5-7, elliptic, pubescent beneath glabrous above: fls. pink, about 2 in. across: fr. globose, densely bristly. Hungary. W.R, 140.—R. Heckeliana, Tratt. (R. Hackeliana, Nym.) (6). Allied to R, rubiginosa. Dwarf: lfts. tomentose on both sides: fls. usually solitary.small.pink. S. Eu.— R. indica, Linn.=R. microcarpa,—R. inodora, Fries (R. agrestis var. inodora, Keller) (6). Allied to R, rubiginosa: lfts. 5-7, obovate, not glandular above: fls. white or pinkish, 1-1 1/2 in. across: fr. ovoid, bright red. Eu. W.R. 151.—R. involucrata, Roxbg.=R clino- phylla.—R. involuta, Smith (6). Probably hybrid of R. spinosissima and R. tomentosa. Lfts. doubly glandular-serrate, tomentose beneath: fls. whitish. W.R. 96.—R. Jackii. Rehd. (R. Kelleri, Baker, not Dalla Torre & Sarnth.) (2), Allied to R. moschata: low procumbent shrub, with ascending branches: lfts. 7-9, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, glabrous, 1 1/3-2 1/3 in. long: fls. in corymbs, white, 1 1/2in. across; sepals ovate, abruptly caudate: fr. ovoid, red, 1/5in. long. Korea. Hardy.—R. Jundzillii, Bess. (6). Allied to R. canina but resembling also R. gallica. Upright shrub, with straight spines: lfts almost glabrous, doubly glandular-serrate, rather large: fls. large, pink; fr. subglobose. Eu., W. Asia. W.R. 149.—R. Kelleri. Baker=R. Jackii.—R. laxa, Retz. (8). Upright shrub, with hooked prickles in pairs: lfts. 7-9, small, light green: fls. small, white: fr. oblong-ovate, small. Turkestan to Songaria and Altai, W.R. 53.— R. laxa, LindL=R. lucida.—R. laxa, Hort.=R. coriifolia var. Froebelii.—R. Leschenaultii, Wight & Arn. (R. moschata var. Leschenaultii. Crepin) (2). Similar to R. Brunonii, but fls. larger, in few-fld. corymbs; pedicels and receptacle glandular-hispid. India. W.R. 15.—R. longicuspis, Bertol. (R. Sinowilsonii, Hemsl. R. Willmottiana, Leveille-. R. lucens, Rolfe). Half-evergreen scandent bush, to 20 ft., with hooked prickles: lfts. usually 7, elliptic-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, lustrous, 1-3 in. long: fls. corymbose, white, 1 1/2 in. across; petals silky outside; pedicels about 1 in. long: fr. ovoid, 5/4in. long, scarlet or orange-red. W. China. Himalayas. Tender.—R. lucens, Rolfe =R. longicuspis.—R. Luciae, Franch. & Rochebr. (2). Allied to R. Wichuramna. Habit more upright: lfts. usually 7, narrower and thinner: fls. smaller. Japan.—R. Lyelli, Lindl. Probably hybrid of R. moschata and R. clinophylla. Climbing: lfts. usually 7, oblong, shining: fls. corymbose, large, white, single or double. Intro. from Nepal.—R. Macounii, Greene (8). Allied to R. Woodsii: low shrub, with rather stout, deflexed prickles: lfts. 9-11, obovate to obovate-oblong, sharply serrate, except at the cuneate base, pubescent beneath, 1/2-2/4in. long: stipules glandless: fls. small, pale pink: fr. depressed- globose. Assiniboia to Wyo.—R. macrantha, Desportes (R. canina X R. gallica). Shrub with uniform hooked prickles: lfts. 5-7, charta- ceous, ovate to ovate-oblong, pubescent beneath, 1-1 1/2 in. long: fls. few, 3 in. across, light pink. Spontaneous in S. France. W.R. 134.—R. Marcyana, Boullu (R. gallica XR. tomentosa). Low, to 2, rarely to 4 ft., prickly and bristly: lfts. 5-7, broadly oval, pubescent on both sides, 1-2 in. long: fls. long-stalked, pink to light purple, 2 1/2-3 in. across. Spontaneous in .S. France. W.R. 112.— R. Mariae-Graebnerae, Aschers. (R. Carolina XR. virginiana). Shrub, to 5 ft., with slightly recurved prickles: lfts. 7-9, elliptic: fls. few, pink: fr. subglobose: blooms almost all summer and very handsome in fall with orange and red foliage, red frs. and pink fls. Garden origin. Gt. 51:1504, 4.—R. micrantha, Smith (6). Allied to R. rubiginosa. With hooked prickles, without bristles: lfts. slightly pubescent beneath: fls. pale pink, small; styles slightly exserted, glabrous. Eu., N. Afr., W. Asia.—R. microcarpa, Lindl. (R. indica, ,Linn., partly, not Lindl. R. sorbiflora, Focke) (4). Branches slender, with scattered, hooked prickles: lfts. 3-7, elliptic to ovate- lanceolate, glabrous, 1 1/2-2 1/2 in. long; stipules almost free: fls. corymbose, small, white: fr. small, globose; sepals deciduous. China. G.C. III. 37:227.—R. microcarpa, Hort.=R. multiflora.—R. mon- tana, Chaix (6). Allied to R. canina. Of vigorous growth, with strong spines: lfts. broader, tinged reddish: fls. pink: pedicels and receptacle glandular-hispid. S. Eu., N. Afr.—R. multibracteata, Hemsl. & Wilson (R. reducta, Baker) (8). Shrub, to 6 ft., with straight paired prickles: lfts. 7-9, broadly oval, glabrous, 1/4-1/2in. long: fls. pink, 1 1/4 in. across, corymbose with numerous crowded bracts, sometimes few or solitary; styles exserted: fr. ovoid, 1/3-1/2in. long, orange-red; sepals persistent. W. China. W.R. 158 (form with few-fld. infl.).—R. Murielae, Rehd. & Wilson (8). Slender-branched shrub, to 8 ft. with bristles and slender prickles: lfts. 9-15, elliptic to elliptic oblong, rarely oval, acutish, serrate, glabrous, except the pubescent midrib beneath, 1/2-3/4in. long: fls. white, about 1 in. across, in 3-7-fld. corymbs; pedicels slender, 3/4-1 1/2in. long: fr. ellipsoid, orange-red, 1/2-3/4in. long. W. China.—R. orbicularis. Baker (8). Sts. slender, with subulate prickles in pairs: lfts. 5-7, orbicular, simply serrate, glabrous, 1/2in. long: fls. 1-3, 1 1/2 in. across, white. S. W. China.—R. orientalis, Dup. (6). Allied to R, rubiginosa. Dwarf: prickles slender, subulate: lfts. 5-7, simply serrate, pubescent on both sides: fls. pink, solitary, short-pedicelled. W. Asia.— R. persetosa, Rolfe (R, macrophylla var. gracilis and var. acicu- laris, Vilm.) (8). Upright shrub, with densely bristly sts.: lfts. 5-9, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, serrate, puberulous beneath, 3/4-2 in. long: fls. deep pink, 1 in. across, in large panicles; sepals entire; pedicels and receptacle glabrous. W.China. J.H.S. 27:487. 488.— R, phaenicia, Boiss. (2). Allied to R. moschata. Lfts. usually 5, obtuse or acute: corymbs usually many-fld., pyramidal: styles glabrous. Asia Minor.—R. Prattii, Hemsl. (8). Slender-branched shrub, to 8 ft., with slender prickles and numerous bristles: lfts. 7-15, elliptic, obtusish, serrate, pubescent on the veins beneath, 1/4-1/2 in. long: fls. 1-3, pink, 3/4in. across: fr. subglobose to ovoid, scarlet, 1/4-1/3in. long; calyx persistent. W. China.—R. reducta, Baker= R. multibracteata.—R. Rubus, Leveille & Vaniot (2). Scandent bush, to 20 ft., with small hooked prickles: lfts. usually 5, ovate- elliptic to obovate, abruptly acuminate, sharply or coarsely serrate, pubescent beneath, rarely nearly glabrous, 1 1/2-2 1/2 in- long: fls. in dense corymbs, white, fragrant, 1-1 1/3 in. across; pedicels 1/2-3/4in. long, glandular: fr. subglobose, dark scarlet, about 1/3in. across. Cent. China.—R. sancta. Rich. (5). Low shrub, with unequal scattered hooked prickles: lfts. 5-7, elliptic to ovate-oblong, crenate, rugose, pubescent beneath: fls. few, large, pink, on setose pedicels. Abyssinia. W.R. 113.— R. saturata, Baker (8). Shrub, to 8 ft., unarmed or with few small prickles: lfts. usually 7, ovate to ovate- lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, sharply serrate, pale or somewhat glaucescent beneath, pubescent on the veins or sometimes nearly glabrous, 1-2 1/2 in. long: fls. solitary, dark red, about 2 in. across; anthers purple: pedicels glabrous, 2/4-1 in. long: fr. globose- ovoid, 3/4in. long, coral-red; calyx persistent. Cent, China.—R. Scharnkeana, Graebn. (R. californica XR. nitida). Shrub, to 3 ft., with slender,often procumbent and ascending sts.; prickles slender, in pairs, below often mixed with bristles: lfts. 7-9, elliptic-oblong to oblong, cuneate: fls. 1-5, rose-purple. Garden origin. Gt. 51:1504, 2.—R. sepium, Thuill.=R. agrestis.—-R. Seraphinii, Viv. (6). Shrub, 1-3 ft., with copious, unequal, partly hooked prickles: lfts. 5-7, orbicular-ovate, doubly serrate, glandular beneath. 1/4-1/2in. long: fls. solitary, very short-stalked, 1 in. across, pink: fr. globose- ovoid, with reflexed, finally deciduous sepals. Medit. region. W.R. 153.—R. Seraphinii, Guss.=R. sicula.—R. sertata, Rolfe (8). Shrub to 5 ft.: branches glaucous, with straight slender prickles in pairs: lfts. 7-11, oval-oblong to narrow-oblong, serrate, glabrous, 1/4-3/4in. long: fls. solitary on short branchlets, rose or rose-purple, 2-2 1/2 in. across; sepals caudate, entire. W.China. B.M. 8473. G.C. III. 54:166. W.R. 2:153.—Very handsome graceful rose; has proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum.—R. sicula, Tratt. (R. Seraphinii, Guss., not Viv.) (6). Low, 1/2-2 ft., with equal, slender, nearly straight prickles: lfts. 5-9, broadly elliptic to orbicular, glandular beneath, 1/4-1/2in. long: fls. solitary, rarely to 4, short-stalked, deep red to whitish, 1-1 1/4 in. across: fr. small, globose, with upright sepals. Medit. region. B.M. 7761 and G.W. 8, p. 17 (as R. Sera-phinii).—R. Sinowilsonii, Hemsl.=R. longicuspis.—R. sonomensis, Greene (8). Allied to R. californica. Low shrub, to 1 ft., with straight prickles: lfts. broadly ovate, doubly glandular-serrate: fls. small, in dense corymbs. Calif.—R. sorbiflora, Focke=R. micro- carpa.—R. Soulieana, Crepin (2). Upright spreading shrub, to 12 ft., with scattered hooked prickles: lfts. usually 7, oval to ovate-oblong, acute, finely serrate, glabrous, about 1 in. long: fls. corymbose, white, 1 1/2in. across; sepals ovate: fr. ovoid or subglobose, 1/3-1/2in. long, orange-red. W. China. B.M. 8158. W.R. 1:18. G. 77, p. 511.—R. spithamea, Wats. (8). Allied to R. californica. Sta. usually not over 1/2ft. high, sparingly branched: lfts. doubly glandular-serrate: fls. usually solitary. Calif.—R. stylosa, Desv. (R. systyla, Bastard) (6). Shrub with long arching prickly branches: lfts. 5-7, ovate-oblong, pubescent beneath, 3/4-2 in. long: fls. few, white or light pink, 1 1/2-2 in. across; styles connate into an exserted column. W. Eu. Red. Ros. (1:5, 2). W.R. 14,—R. Sweginzawii, Koehne (8). Shrub with large compressed prickles: lfts. usually 9, ovate to ovate-oblong, doubly serrate, pubescent beneath, 1 1/2-2 in. long: fls. 1-3, pink, 1 3/4 in. across: sepals nearly entire; pedicels and receptacles glandular-hispid: fr. oblong, 1 in. long. W. China. M.D. 1910, p. 96.—R. systyla, Bastard=R. stylosa.—R. tomentosa, Smith (6). Allied to R. villosa. Sts. slender, often arching: prickles often slightly curved: lfts. smaller, grayish green: fls. pale rose, on longer pedicels: fr. smaller, with the sepals upright spreading, caducous at maturity. Eu. W.R. 139. Gn. 77, p. 511.—R. trachy- phylla, Rau=R. Jundzillii.—R. Vorbergii, Graebn. (R. foetida X R. spinosissima). Shrub, to 3 ft.: lvs. similar to those of R. foe- tida: fls. white with a delicate flushing of yellow, 2 in. across, early. Garden origin. Gn. 79, p. 323 (as R. Vorbegii).—R. Web- biana, Wall. (8). Erect shrub, with prickly sts.: lfts. 5-9, very small, orbicular or oblong, usually glabrous: fls. mostly solitary, pink, large: fr. ovoid. Himalayas to Afghanistan and Turkestan. W.R.76.—R.Willmottiana, Leveille=R. longicuspis.—R.xanthina. Lindl. (10). Upright shrub, to 10 ft. with brown branches: prickles straight, stout: lfts. 7-11, oval or elliptic, obtuse, dentate, pubescent beneath, or sometimes glabrous, not glandular, 1/3-3/4in. long: fls. solitary, short-stalked, yellow, double, 1 3/4 in. across. N. China, Korea. Var. normalis, Rehd. & Wilson, is the single-fld. wild form. -R. xanthina, Auth.=R- Ecae.
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==Propagation==
==Propagation==
