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{{Two other uses||the crossword compiler|John Galbraith Graham|the city in Brazil|Araucária}}
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Araucariaceae
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|250}}[[Jurassic]]{{Verify source|date=September 2007}} - recent
|genus=Araucaria
| name = ''Araucaria''
|Temp Metric=°F
| image = Araucaria columnaris1.jpg
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
| image_width = 250px
|image=Araucaria columnaris1.jpg
| image_caption = ''Araucaria columnaris''
|image_width=180
|image_caption=Araucaria columnaris
}}
}}
'''''Araucaria''''' is a [[genus]] of [[evergreen]] [[Pinophyta|coniferous]] [[tree]]s in the family [[Araucariaceae]]. There are 19 [[species]] in the genus, with a highly disjunct distribution in [[New Caledonia]] (where 13 species are [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]]), [[Norfolk Island]], eastern [[Australia]], [[New Guinea]], [[Argentina]], [[Chile]], and southern [[Brazil]].
'''''Araucaria''''' is a [[genus]] of [[evergreen]] [[Pinophyta|coniferous]] [[tree]]s in the family [[Araucariaceae]]. There are 19 [[species]] in the genus, with a highly disjunct distribution in [[New Caledonia]] (where 13 species are [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]]), [[Norfolk Island]], eastern [[Australia]], [[New Guinea]], [[Argentina]], [[Chile]], and southern [[Brazil]].
The trees are mostly [[Plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female [[Conifer cone|cones]] found on separate trees, though occasional individuals are [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]] or change sex with time. The female cones, usually high on the top of the tree, are globose, and vary in size between species from 7-25 cm diameter. They contain 80-200 large, edible seeds, similar to [[pine nut]]s though larger. The male cones are smaller, 4-10 cm long, and narrow to broad cylindrical, 1.5-5 cm broad.
The trees are mostly [[Plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female [[Conifer cone|cones]] found on separate trees, though occasional individuals are [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]] or change sex with time. The female cones, usually high on the top of the tree, are globose, and vary in size between species from 7-25 cm diameter. They contain 80-200 large, edible seeds, similar to [[pine nut]]s though larger. The male cones are smaller, 4-10 cm long, and narrow to broad cylindrical, 1.5-5 cm broad.
===Classification and species list===
Some of the species are relatively common in cultivation because of their distinctive, formal symmetrical growth habit. Several species are economically important for the edible seeds.
{{Inc|
Araucaria (Chilean name). Including Columbea and Eutacta. Pinàceae. Large South American and Pacific Australian evergreen trees (about a dozen species), grown in their juvenile state in greenhouses and windows and often used in summer for lawn decoration; they are very decorative pot-plants.
Tall strict or widely branching conical trees: Lvs. small, scale-like and stiff, clothing all the branches uniformly and usually closely imbricated: fis. mostly dioecious, the staminate terminal and solitary or disposed in fascicles; anthers 6-8-celled; pistillate fls. in ovoid or globose heads that become large woody cones with only 1 seed underneath each scale.—The South American species (Columbea) have scarcely winged cone- scales, the cotyledons 2, and the germination hypogeal (cotyledons remaining below ground I; the Australian and Pacific species (Eutassa) have winged scales, cotyledons 4, and germination epigeal.
Araucarias are probably the most prized pot evergreens in cultivation. They are much used in house decoration, particularly at Christmas time, as they are not only attractive but will stand much hard usage. A. excelsa (Fig. 300) is the one commonly seen in residences. Propagation is by seeds and cuttings, as given under A. excelsa below. Symmetrical plants are secured from the leading shoots. Side shoots are likely to make misshapen specimens, as seen in Fig. 301. The araucarias need cool treatment. The temperature should not be above 60° at night. If kept too crowded or not given sufficient light, they become ragged and straggling, as in Fig. 302. In summer the plants should be protected from direct burning sun.
The species thrive in the open in southern Florida and in parts of California. A. imbrícata is the hardiest. It is rarely seen in greenhouses. A. Bidwillii is apparently the second hardiest, and also one of the best species for all purposes. A. excelsa and its allies are about as hardy in southern Florida as crotons and acalyphas.
The commonest species in greenhouses is A. excelsa. It is grown on an enormous scale in many nurseries for decoration as window or table plants. When raised from seed the plants grow rapidly and the branches are invariably disposed in tiers with wide internodes, often as much as 2 feet separating each tier of branches. Such plants are of little use for ordinary decorative work and recourse is made to plants raised from cuttings. This practice has grown up as it is found that plants raised from cuttings assume a dwarf compact habit, with the tiers of branches placed close together, and that they do not grow into large specimens until many years old. The plants for stock purposes are usually raised from seed, and when they nave formed some three to six tiers of branches the tops are taken out and put in as cuttings in light sandy compost in a close house or case at a temperature of about 60° F. They are kept shaded from hot sun and damped over frequently until rooted. The stock plants are kept growing and soon break out into new growth in the axils of each of the upper branches. These are all "leader" growths, and when long enough they each furnish a suitable cutting which is treated in the same way as the primary growth or leader. After each of these has been removed for stock, the stem of the stock plant is cut off to the next tier of branches, which in turn will furnish another set of cuttings and so on until the plant is reduced to the bottom layer of branches, when it is discarded and another stock obtained again from seed. It should be pointed out that the branches themselves may be rooted as cuttings, but they always retain their flat asymetrical shape and are useless for stock purposes. (See Fig. 301.)
A. albospica, Hort.-A. excelsa.—A. Dombeyi. A. Rich.-A. imbricata.—A. intermedia, R, Br. Tall and erect, sparingly branched, nearly denuded of foliage: Lvs. sessile, imbricated, cordiform. obtuse, green and shining. New Caledonia.—A. Lindltyana, Van Houtte - A. braziliana.—A. montana, Brongn. & Gris. Tall: Iva. scale-like, curved, ovate, obtusish, more or less concave, with white spots in many series. New Caledonia.—A. Mùelleri, Brongn. & Gris. Lvs. almost flat, with whitish spots in series. New Caledonia.—A, Niepraschkii, Baumann. Branches wide-spreading with lone drooping side branches: perhaps a form of A. Rulei. R. B. 31: p. 132.—A. aubulala, Vieill. Like A. intermedia, but trunk leas naked, and Lvs. linear-subulate. New Caledonia.
}}
==Cultivation==
===Propagation===
===Pests and diseases===
==Species==
There are two sections in the genus, sometimes treated as separate genera:
There are two sections in the genus, sometimes treated as separate genera:
*'''Section ''Araucaria''.''' Leaves broad; cones more than 12cm diameter; seed germination [[hypogeal]]. Syn. sect. ''Columbea''; sometimes subdivided into three sections or subsections.
*'''Section ''Araucaria''.''' Leaves broad; cones more than 12cm diameter; seed germination [[hypogeal]]. Syn. sect. ''Columbea''; sometimes subdivided into three sections or subsections.
** ''[[Araucaria subulata]]''. New Caledonia.
** ''[[Araucaria subulata]]''. New Caledonia.
===Uses===
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery perrow=5>
Image:araucaria_araucana_vieja.jpg|''Araucaria ''
Image:araucaria_araucana_vieja.jpg|''Araucaria ''
Image:araucaria_araucana_pulmari.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' entorno natural
Image:araucaria_araucana_pulmari.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' entorno natural
Image:Araucaria araucana Lanin.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' in an argentinian´s lake [[Neuquén, Argentina]]
Image:Araucaria araucana Lanin.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' in an argentinian´s lake [[Neuquén, Argentina]]
Image:Aa 2006 05 10 araucaria sapling.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' sapling in [[Chester Zoo]]
Image:Aa 2006 05 10 araucaria sapling.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' sapling in [[Chester Zoo]]
Image:araucaria_araucana_verde.jpg|''Araucaria '' vista desde arriba
Image:araucaria_araucana_verde.jpg|''Araucaria '' vista desde arriba
Image:Araucaria araucana Lanin3.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' very old
Image:Araucaria araucana Lanin3.jpg|''Araucaria araucana'' very old
</gallery>
</gallery>
==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.conifers.org/ar/ar/index.html Gymnosperm Database: ''Araucaria'']
*{{wplink}}
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