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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Asteraceae
|genus=Cynara
|species=cardunculus
|common_name=Artichoke
|common_name=Artichoke
|lifespan=perennial
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
The '''Globe Artichoke''' (''Cynara cardunculus'')<ref name="grin"/> is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[thistle]] originating in [[southern Europe]] around the [[Mediterranean]]. It grows to 1.5–2 m tall, with arching, deeply lobed, silvery glaucous-green [[leaf|leaves]] 50–82 cm long. The [[flower]]s develop in a large head from an edible [[bud]] about 8–15 cm diameter with numerous triangular scales; the individual florets are purple. The edible portion of the buds consists primarily of the fleshy lower portions of the [[involucral bract]]s and the base, known as the "heart"; the mass of immature florets in the center of the bud is called the "choke". These are inedible in older larger flowers.
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Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus, Linn.). Composite, The artichoke (or the Globe artichoke, to distinguish it from the Jerusalem artichoke) is a strong thistle-like plant (Fig. 389), grown for the edible flower- heads (Fig. 390). It is native in southern Europe and northern Africa, and is not hardy in the northernmost parts of the United States. It is perennial, but the plantation should be renewed every two or three years. See Cynara.
Artichoke. Composite, The artichoke (or the Globe artichoke, to distinguish it from the Jerusalem artichoke) is a strong thistle-like plant, grown for the edible flower-heads. It is native in southern Europe and northern Africa, and is not hardy in the northernmost parts of the United States. It is perennial, but the plantation should be renewed every two or three years. See Cynara.
The artichoke is propagated by seed or by suckers. The latter is the preferable method, for a good strain or variety may thus be perpetuated. The buds or shoots are detached from the old crown in spring before growth begins. Seeds produce bearing plants the following year, although beads may be secured the same autumn if the season is long and if the seeds are started early under glass.
The artichoke is propagated by seed or by suckers. The latter is the preferable method, for a good strain or variety may thus be perpetuated. The buds or shoots are detached from the old crown in spring before growth begins. Seeds produce bearing plants the following year, although beads may be secured the same autumn if the season is long and if the seeds are started early under glass.
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
Artichokes can be produced from seeds or from vegetative means such as [[Division (horticulture)|division]], [[root cutting]]s or [[micropropagation]]. Though technically perennials which normally produce the edible flower only during the second and subsequent years, certain varieties of artichoke can be grown from seed as annuals, producing a limited harvest at the end of the first growing season, even in regions where the plants are not normally winter hardy. This means that home gardeners in northern regions can attempt to produce a crop without the need to overwinter plants with special treatment or protection. The recently introduced seed cultivar 'Imperial Star' has been bred to produce in the first year without such measures. An even newer cultivar, 'Northern Star', is said to be able to overwinter in more northerly climates, and readily survive sub-zero temperatures.<ref>[http://www.psrseed.com/gardenseed_northernstarartichoke.html] Peters Seed and Research</ref>
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
==Varieties==
==Varieties==
* '''Traditional cultivars''' (vegetative propagation)
**'''Green, big''': Camus de Bretagne, Castel (France), Green globe (USA).
**'''Green, medium-sized''': Blanca de Tudela (Spain), Argentina, Española (Chile), Blanc d'Oran (Algeria), Sakiz, Bayrampsha (Turkey).
**'''Purple, big''': Romanesco, C3 (Italy).
**'''Purple, medium-sized''': Violet de Provence (France), Brindisino, Catanese (Italy), Violet d'Algerie (Algeria), Baladi (Egypt).
**'''Spined''': Spinoso sardo (Italy), Criolla (Peru).
*'''Cultivars propagated by seeds'''
**'''For Industry''': Madrigal, Lorca, A-106, Imperial Star
**'''Green''': Symphony, Harmony
**'''Purple''': Concerto, Opal, Tempo
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
<gallery perrow=5>
File:Cynara scolymus-003.jpg
File:Cynara scolymus-003.jpg
File:Artichoke Cynara cardunculus Head 2000px.jpg
File:Artichoke Cynara cardunculus Head 2000px.jpg
File:Artichoke Flower.jpg
File:Artichoke Flower.jpg
File:Artichokes.jpg
File:Artichokes.jpg
File:Artichoke flower in Southern Oregon.JPG
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