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|genus=Primula  

|genus=Primula

|species=auricula

|species=auricula

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Auricula (Primula Auricula, Linn.). Fig. 440. A European perennial, sending up short scapes, bearing flowers of many colors. It is one of the most famous of florists' flowers, but it has never received the attention in this country that it has in Europe. Our summers are generally too hot for it. In this country generally treated as a greenhouse plant; but it is hardy, and in the Old World is grown largely in frames. See Primula.

Auricula (Primula Auricula, Linn.). A European perennial, sending up short scapes, bearing flowers of many colors. It is one of the most famous of florists' flowers, but it has never received the attention in this country that it has in Europe. Our summers are generally too hot for it. In this country generally treated as a greenhouse plant; but it is hardy, and in the Old World is grown largely in frames. See Primula.

Auriculas grow wild in the mountainous districts of Switzerland, Austria, Syria, and the Caucasus; therefore they are generally regarded as alpine plants, but like many other alpines, they have proved to be excellent subjects for cool greenhouse culture as well as for rock- or alpine-garden culture. In their native habitats, some plants are heavily powdered with a fine mealy substance called "farina, while others are perfectly destitute of it. Under cultivation, also, they show this same characteristic. This has caused fanciers to divide them into two sections; those covered with farina, called show auriculas, and those destitute of it, termed alpine auriculas. The show auriculas have received the most attention at the hands of fanciers. Their flowers are large, and present more combinations in variety of color than the alpine section, and since rains mar their beautiful farina-covered leaves and flowers, they are by far best adapted to greenhouse culture. Like all primulas, the flowers are tubular and borne in erect trusses well above the foliage. Well-grown plants will produce strong trusses with often as many as twenty "pips" or individual flowers. Such a number cannot fully develop, consequently they should be thinned out and only eight or nine flowers allowed to develop on each truss. The tube of the flowers of show auriculas is usually white, with a circle of maroon, violet, plum or chocolate-color above and a margin of green, gray, white, or yellow. In what are called "selfs," the circle of chocolate-maroon, or violet, extends to the edges of the flowers. They are usually very sweet-scented. Alpine auriculas are best adapted for growing in the rock- or alpine-garden since the leaves and flowers are destitute of farina. This section does not exhibit as large a variety of color in the flowers. The tube of the corolla is usually yellow or cream-color with a margin of maroon or purple which shades off toward the edges. The culture given below is the same for both sections except that the alpine section should be planted on the north side of the rock-garden in October, where they will flower the following spring.  

Auriculas grow wild in the mountainous districts of Switzerland, Austria, Syria, and the Caucasus; therefore they are generally regarded as alpine plants, but like many other alpines, they have proved to be excellent subjects for cool greenhouse culture as well as for rock- or alpine-garden culture. In their native habitats, some plants are heavily powdered with a fine mealy substance called "farina, while others are perfectly destitute of it. Under cultivation, also, they show this same characteristic. This has caused fanciers to divide them into two sections; those covered with farina, called show auriculas, and those destitute of it, termed alpine auriculas. The show auriculas have received the most attention at the hands of fanciers. Their flowers are large, and present more combinations in variety of color than the alpine section, and since rains mar their beautiful farina-covered leaves and flowers, they are by far best adapted to greenhouse culture. Like all primulas, the flowers are tubular and borne in erect trusses well above the foliage. Well-grown plants will produce strong trusses with often as many as twenty "pips" or individual flowers. Such a number cannot fully develop, consequently they should be thinned out and only eight or nine flowers allowed to develop on each truss. The tube of the flowers of show auriculas is usually white, with a circle of maroon, violet, plum or chocolate-color above and a margin of green, gray, white, or yellow. In what are called "selfs," the circle of chocolate-maroon, or violet, extends to the edges of the flowers. They are usually very sweet-scented. Alpine auriculas are best adapted for growing in the rock- or alpine-garden since the leaves and flowers are destitute of farina. This section does not exhibit as large a variety of color in the flowers. The tube of the corolla is usually yellow or cream-color with a margin of maroon or purple which shades off toward the edges. The culture given below is the same for both sections except that the alpine section should be planted on the north side of the rock-garden in October, where they will flower the following spring.  

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Primula auricula, Linn. (Auricula lutea, Opiz). Auricula. Low, with a radical rosette of thick obovate-cuneate glabrous or pubescent mealy lvs. 2 or 3 in. long, which are often crenate on the upper part: scape 1-8 in. high (sometimes nearly or quite wanting), usually exceeding the lvs.: fls. in an umbel, sometimes as many as 20, bright yellow and fragrant or inodorous, short-stalked, subtended by minute oval mealy bracts, the segms. obovate-cuneate and emarginate; stamens dimorphous.—This description represents the wild form as understood by J. G. Baker in B.M. 6837. "It is one of the most widely spread of all the species," Baker writes, "as it extends in a wild state from Dauphine and the Jura on the west through Switzerland to Lombardy, the Tyrol, Hungary, and Transylvania." In cult., the plant has run into fls. of many colors. It is possible that some of these forms are hybrid progeny with related species. Baker writes: "What the relation is of this widely spread wild type to the multiform races of the garden Auricula is a subject that still remains to be fully worked out." The cult. forms are of two groups,—those having farina on the lvs. and those without it. Var. albocinota, Hort. Lvs. densely farinaceous, white-margined. The wild form of the species is little known in cult. MacWatt writes that "by nature it flourishes best where it is most at home, amongst the limestone rocks of the Alps, the Apennines, and the Carpathians. In the wild state the flowers are comparatively small, but under cultivation the scape often carries a big head of large-sized flowers." Var. ciliata, Koch (P. ciliata, Moretti. P. Balbisii, Lehm. P. bellunensis, Venzo), has lvs. not farinose, cartilaginous-margined, more or less glandular-pilose, the edges densely long-ciliate: fls. scentless. Var. Obristii, Beck (P. Obristii, Stein. P. similis Stein. P. Balbisii, Beck). Lvs. silvery green, not mealy, more or less glandular-hairy, the margin cartilaginous and ciliate: fls. fragrant, yellow, the calices and pedicels mealy; May-July.—For dry sunny edges or rocks.

Primula auricula, Linn. (Auricula lutea, Opiz). AuricUla. See p. 430 and Fig. 440, Vol. I, and also for cult. Low, with a radical rosette of thick obovate-cuneate glabrous or pubescent mealy lvs. 2 or 3 in. long, which are often crenate on the upper part: scape 1-8 in. high (sometimes nearly or quite wanting), usually exceeding the lvs.: fls. in an umbel, sometimes as many as 20, bright yellow and fragrant or inodorous, short-stalked, subtended by minute oval mealy bracts, the segms. obovate-cuneate and emarginate; stamens dimorphous.—This description represents the wild form as understood by J. G. Baker in B.M. 6837. "It is one of the most widely spread of all the species," Baker writes, "as it extends in a wild state from Dauphine and the Jura on the west through Switzerland to Lombardy, the Tyrol, Hungary, and Transylvania." In cult., the plant has run into fls. of many colors. It is possible that some of these forms are hybrid progeny with related species. Baker writes: "What the relation is of this widely spread wild type to the multiform races of the garden Auricula is a subject that still remains to be fully worked out." The cult. forms are of two groups,—those having farina on the lvs. and those without it. Var. albocinota, Hort. Lvs. densely farinaceous, white-margined. The wild form of the species is little known in cult. MacWatt writes that "by nature it flourishes best where it is most at home, amongst the limestone rocks of the Alps, the Apennines, and the Carpathians. In the wild state the flowers are comparatively small, but under cultivation the scape often carries a big head of large-sized flowers." Var. ciliata, Koch (P. ciliata, Moretti. P. Balbisii, Lehm. P. bellunensis, Venzo), has lvs. not farinose, cartilaginous-margined, more or less glandular-pilose, the edges densely long-ciliate: fls. scentless. Var. Obristii, Beck (P. Obristii, Stein. P. similis Stein. P. Balbisii, Beck). Lvs. silvery green, not mealy, more or less glandular-hairy, the margin cartilaginous and ciliate: fls. fragrant, yellow, the calices and pedicels mealy; May-July.—For dry sunny edges or rocks.

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==Cultivation==

==Cultivation==

 

===Propagation===

===Propagation===

 

===Pests and diseases===

===Pests and diseases===

==Species==

 

==Varieties==

 

==Gallery==

==Gallery==

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==References==

==References==

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

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