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| | {{SPlantbox | | {{SPlantbox |
| − | |genus=Bactris | + | |familia=Arecaceae |
| | + | |genus=Bactris |
| | |species=gasipaes | | |species=gasipaes |
| | + | |taxo_author=Kunth. |
| | |Temp Metric=°F | | |Temp Metric=°F |
| | |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! | | |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! |
| − | |image=Upload.png | + | |image=Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) 2.jpg |
| | |image_width=240 | | |image_width=240 |
| | + | |image_caption=''Bactris gasipaes'' palm |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | {{Inc|
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| − | Bactris gasipaes, HBK. (Guilielma speciosa, Mart.). St. about 60 ft. high, single or cespitose, with rings of subulate-compressed black spines, 1 in. long, the rings about as far apart as the diam. of the st.: Lvs. 6 ft. long, curving; segms. dark green above, pale green below, very numerous, approximate, 1½ ft. long, 1¼ in. wide, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, bristly or minutely prickly along the margins: fr. orange or reddish, nearly 2 in. long, ovoid. Lower Amazon.
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| − | {{Taxobox
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| − | | color = lightgreen
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| − | | name = ''Bactris gasipaes''
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| − | | image = Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) 2.jpg
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| − | | image_width = 240px
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| − | | image_caption = ''Bactris gasipaes'' palm
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| − | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| − | | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| − | | classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| − | | ordo = [[Arecales]]
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| − | | familia = [[Arecaceae]]
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| − | | genus = ''[[Bactris]]''
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| − | | species = '''''B. gasipaes'''''
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| − | | binomial = ''Bactris gasipaes''
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| − | | binomial_authority = [[Carl Sigismund Kunth|Kunth]]
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| − | }}
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| | '''''Bactris gasipaes''''' is a species of [[Arecaceae|palm]] native to the [[tropical forest]]s of the [[South America|South]] and [[Central America]]. It is a palm which can typically grow to 20 m or taller, with pinnate [[leaf|leaves]] 3 m long on a 1 m long [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The [[fruit]] is a [[drupe]] with an edible pulp surrounding the single [[seed]], 4-6 cm long and 3-5 cm broad. The rind ([[epicarp]]) of this wild palm can be red, yellow, or orange when the fruit is ripe depending on the variety of the palm. | | '''''Bactris gasipaes''''' is a species of [[Arecaceae|palm]] native to the [[tropical forest]]s of the [[South America|South]] and [[Central America]]. It is a palm which can typically grow to 20 m or taller, with pinnate [[leaf|leaves]] 3 m long on a 1 m long [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The [[fruit]] is a [[drupe]] with an edible pulp surrounding the single [[seed]], 4-6 cm long and 3-5 cm broad. The rind ([[epicarp]]) of this wild palm can be red, yellow, or orange when the fruit is ripe depending on the variety of the palm. |
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| | Many species of [[bird]]s feed on this wild palm, notably [[macaw]]s, [[parrot]]s and [[parakeet]]s, all members of the family [[Psittacidae]]. Some of these are [[endemic species]], which are in danger of [[extinction]]. | | Many species of [[bird]]s feed on this wild palm, notably [[macaw]]s, [[parrot]]s and [[parakeet]]s, all members of the family [[Psittacidae]]. Some of these are [[endemic species]], which are in danger of [[extinction]]. |
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| − | Because the huge importance of ''B. gasipaes'' for the native populations, there are numerous [[common names]] for this plant in several [[language]]s and many [[country|countries]]. For example, in [[English language|English]]: peach-palm or pewa ([[Trinidad and Tobago]]), peyibay(e), and pejivalle; in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: pejibaye ([[Costa Rica]], [[Nicaragua]]), chontaduro or chantaduro ([[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]]), pijuayo ([[Peru]]), pijiguao ([[Venezuela]]), tembé ([[Bolivia]]), pixbae (pronounced pibá) ([[Panama]]), and cachipay ([[Colombia]]); and in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: pupunheira, and pupunha ([[Brazil]]). In addition, there are several botanical [[synonym]]s, including ''Bactris ciliata'' (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart., ''B. insignis'' (Mart.) Baill., ''B. speciosa'' (Mart.) H. Karst., ''B. utilis'' (Oerst.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl., ''Guilelma chontaduro'' Triana, ''G. ciliata'' (Ruiz & Pav.) H. Wendl., ''G. gasipaes'' (Kunth) L. H. Bailey, ''G. insignis'' Mart., ''G. speciosa'' Mart., ''G. utilis'' Oerst., and ''Martinezia ciliata'' Ruiz & Pav.
| + | {{Inc| |
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| + | Bactris gasipaes, HBK. (Guilielma speciosa, Mart.). St. about 60 ft. high, single or cespitose, with rings of subulate-compressed black spines, 1 in. long, the rings about as far apart as the diam. of the st.: Lvs. 6 ft. long, curving; segms. dark green above, pale green below, very numerous, approximate, 1½ ft. long, 1¼ in. wide, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, bristly or minutely prickly along the margins: fr. orange or reddish, nearly 2 in. long, ovoid. Lower Amazon. |
| − | [[Image:Pixbae enlatado en panama.JPG|thumb|left|Panamanian pixbae ready for export]]
| + | }} |
| − | This plant may also be harvested for [[heart of palm]], and has commercial advantages in being fast growing; the first harvest can be from 18 to 24 months after planting. In [[Brazil]], it is a viable solution for the heart of palm cultivation industry because its agricultural characteristics are adequate for it to be beneficial to substitute it for other native palms such as species of ''[[Euterpe (genus)|Euterpe]]'' including ''[[Euterpe oleracea]]'' (known as ''açaí'') and ''[[Euterpe edulis]]'' (known as ''juçara''), that have been extensively exploited and are protected as endangered species. The Brazilian domestic market for heart of palm is about five times bigger than the external one; however, there is an increasing demand for this product internationally as it is increasingly used in international [[cookery]]. In addition, the cultivation of ''Bactris gasipaes'' is also economically important for [[Costa Rica]].
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| | + | ==Cultivation== |
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| − | ;Composition of 100 g of pulp:
| + | ===Propagation=== |
| − | 164 [[calorie]]s, 2.5 g of [[protein]], 28 mg of [[calcium]], 31 mg of [[phosphorus]], 3.3 mg of [[iron]], 1,500 mmg of [[vitamin A]], 0.06 mg of [[vitamin B1]] and 34 mg of [[vitamin C]].
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| | + | ===Pests and diseases=== |
| | ;Pest Susceptibility: | | ;Pest Susceptibility: |
| | [[Mite]] (''Tetranychus mexicanus''), [[ant]] (Atta spp.), (''Rhychophorus palmarum''), (''Strategus aloeus''). | | [[Mite]] (''Tetranychus mexicanus''), [[ant]] (Atta spp.), (''Rhychophorus palmarum''), (''Strategus aloeus''). |
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| | [[Anthracnose]] (''Colletotrichum gloesporioides''), [[Ascomycota|ascomycotic]] [[fungi]] (''Helminthosporium'' sp.), (''[[Phytophthora]]'' sp.), Mycosphaerella leaf spot disease (''Mycosphaerella'' sp.), [[brown rot]] (''Monilia'' sp.). | | [[Anthracnose]] (''Colletotrichum gloesporioides''), [[Ascomycota|ascomycotic]] [[fungi]] (''Helminthosporium'' sp.), (''[[Phytophthora]]'' sp.), Mycosphaerella leaf spot disease (''Mycosphaerella'' sp.), [[brown rot]] (''Monilia'' sp.). |
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| − | ==References and external links== | + | ==Varieties== |
| − | *This text is based heavily on the [[:pt:Pupunha|corresponding article]] in the [[Portuguese (language)|Portuguese]] Wikipedia, accessed on [[29 March]] [[2005]].
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| − | *Schultes, Richard E. ([[1974]]). Palms and religion in the northwest Amazon. ''[[Principes (botany)|Principes]]'' 18 (1): 3-21. ''[[Astrocaryum vulgare]]'', '''''Bactris gasipaes''''', ''[[Euterpe oleracea]]'', ''[[Euterpe precatoria|E. precatoria]]'', ''[[Leopoldinia piassaba]]'', ''[[Maximiliana martiana]]'', ''[[Oenocarpus bacaba]]'', ''[[Socratea exorrhiza]]''
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| − | * [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Bactris_gasipaes.html ''Bactris gasipaes'' H.B.K.]
| + | ==Gallery== |
| − | * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0646E/T0646E0l.htm Peach-palm (''Bactris gasipaes'')]
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| − | * [http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/pdf/155.pdf Mora-Urpi, J., Weber, J., & Clement, C. R. Peach palm (''Bactris gasipaeas'')].International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (pdf file).
| + | <gallery perrow=5> |
| − | * [http://www.ultraexotic.com/scripts/prodList.asp?idCategory=19 ''Chontaduro (Palm Fruit)'' Chontaduro uses, history and health benefits]
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 |
| | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 |
| | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 |
| | + | </gallery> |
| | | | |
| | + | ==References== |
| | + | <references/> |
| | + | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 |
| | + | *Portuguese Wikipedia |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> |
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| − | {{Commons|Bactris gasipaes}}
| + | ==External links== |
| − | {{Wikispecies|Bactris gasipaes}} | + | *{{wplink}} |
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| − | [[Category:Bactris]]
| + | {{stub}} |
| − | [[Category:Trees of Brazil]]
| + | __NOTOC__ |
| − | [[Category:Trees of the Amazon]]
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| − | [[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
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