Changes

==Function==

==Function==

Often, rosettes form in perennial plants whose upper foliage dies back with the remaining vegetation protecting the plant. Another form occurs when [[Internode (botany)|internodes]] along a stem are shortened, bringing the leaves closer together, as in [[lettuce]] and [[dandelion]] and some [[succulent]]s.<ref name="biologie.uni-hamburg.de">[http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e02/02c.htm Botany online: Features of Flowering Plants - Leaves<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (When plants such as lettuce grow too quickly, the stem lengthens instead, a condition known as ''bolting''.) In yet other forms, the rosette persists at the base of the plant (such as the dandelion), and there is a [[taproot]].

Often, rosettes form in perennial plants whose upper foliage dies back with the remaining vegetation protecting the plant. Another form occurs when [[internode]]s along a stem are shortened, bringing the leaves closer together, as in [[lettuce]] and [[dandelion]] and some [[succulent]]s.<ref name="biologie.uni-hamburg.de">[http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e02/02c.htm Botany online: Features of Flowering Plants - Leaves<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (When plants such as lettuce grow too quickly, the stem lengthens instead, a condition known as ''bolting''.) In yet other forms, the rosette persists at the base of the plant (such as the dandelion), and there is a [[taproot]].

===Protection===

===Protection===

Part of the protective function of a rosette like the dandelion is that it is hard to pull from the ground; the leaves come away easily while the taproot is left intact.

Part of the protective function of a rosette like the dandelion is that it is hard to pull from the ground; the leaves come away easily while the taproot is left intact.

Another kind of protection is provided by the ''caulescent rosette'' which is part of the growth form of the giant ''[[Espeletia]]'' genus in South America, which has a well-developed stem above the ground.<ref>[http://www.evoandes.net/espeletiapage.html shows many images]</ref> In tropical alpine environments a wide variety of plants in different plant families and different parts of the world have evolved this [[growth form]] characterized by evergreen rosettes growing above [[marcescent]] leaves. Examples where this arrangement has been confirmed to improve survival, help water balance, or protect the plant from cold injury are ''[[Espeletia]] schultzii'' and ''Espeletia timotensis'', both from the [[Andes]].<ref>[http://www.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=688033&q=marcescent+leaves+&uid=788491162&setcookie=yes Goldstein, G. and Meinzer, F.1983. Influence of insulating dead leaves and low temperatures on water balance in an Andean giant rosette plant. ''Plant, Cell & Environment'' 6: 649-656.]</ref><ref>[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0006-3606(197903)11%3A1%3C43%3AFODLIE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P Smith, Alan P.1979. Function of dead leaves in ''Espeletia schultzii'' (Compositae), and Andean caulescent rosette species. ''Biotropica'' 11: 43-47.]</ref>

Another kind of protection is provided by the ''caulescent rosette'' which is part of the growth form of the giant ''[[Espeletia]]'' genus in South America, which has a well-developed stem above the ground.<ref>[http://www.evoandes.net/espeletiapage.html shows many images]</ref> In tropical alpine environments a wide variety of plants in different plant families and different parts of the world have evolved this [[growth form]] characterized by evergreen rosettes growing above [[marcescent]] leaves. Examples where this arrangement has been confirmed to improve survival, help water balance, or protect the plant from cold injury are ''[[Espeletia]] schultzii'' and ''Espeletia timotensis'', both from the Andes.<ref>[http://www.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=688033&q=marcescent+leaves+&uid=788491162&setcookie=yes Goldstein, G. and Meinzer, F.1983. Influence of insulating dead leaves and low temperatures on water balance in an Andean giant rosette plant. ''Plant, Cell & Environment'' 6: 649-656.]</ref><ref>[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0006-3606(197903)11%3A1%3C43%3AFODLIE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P Smith, Alan P.1979. Function of dead leaves in ''Espeletia schultzii'' (Compositae), and Andean caulescent rosette species. ''Biotropica'' 11: 43-47.]</ref>

==Taxonomies==

==Taxonomies==

Many plant [[family (taxonomy)|families]] have varieties with rosette morphology; they are particularly common in [[Asteraceae]] (such as [[dandelion]]s), [[Brassicaceae]] (such as [[cabbage]]), and [[Bromeliaceae]]. The fern, ''[[Blechnum fluviatile]]'' or [[New Zealand]] Water Fern (''Kiwikiwi'') is a rosette plant.

Many plant [[family (taxonomy)|families]] have varieties with rosette morphology; they are particularly common in [[Asteraceae]] (such as [[dandelion]]s), [[Brassicaceae]] (such as [[cabbage]]), and [[Bromeliaceae]]. The fern, ''[[Blechnum fluviatile]]'' or New Zealand Water Fern (''Kiwikiwi'') is a rosette plant.

==Form==

==Form==