7,617
edits
Changes
Wineberry (United States) (view source)
Revision as of 17:36, 6 October 2007
, 17:36, 6 October 2007no edit summary
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Rubus phoenicolasius''
| image = Rubus_phoenicolasius - fruits.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Rosoideae]]
| genus = '''''[[Rubus]]'''''
| species = '''''R. phoenicolasius'''''
| binomial = ''Rubus phoenicolasius''
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Maximowicz|Maxim]].
}}
'''''Rubus phoenicolasius''''' ('''Japanese Wineberry''' or '''Wineberry''') is a species of [[raspberry]] (''[[Rubus]]'' subgenus ''[[Rubus#Scientific_classification|Idaeobatus]]'') native to northern [[China]], [[Japan]], and [[Korea]].<ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011527 ''Rubus phoenicolasius'']</ref>
It is a [[perennial plant]] which bears [[biennial plant|biennial]] stems ("canes") from the perennial root system. In its first year, a new stem grows vigorously to its full height of 1-3 m, unbranched, and bearing large pinnate [[leaf|leaves]] with three or five leaflets; normally it does not produce any flowers. In its second year, the stem does not grow taller, but produces several side shoots, which bear smaller leaves always with three leaflets; the leaves are white underneath. The [[flower]]s are produced in late spring on short, very bristly [[raceme]]s on the tips of these side shoots, each flower 6–10 mm diameter with five purplish red to pink [[petal]]s and a bristly [[calyx (botany)|calyx]]. The [[fruit]] is orange or red, about 1 cm diameter, edible but sharp, produced in summer or early autumn; in [[botany|botanical]] terminology, it is not a [[berry]] at all, but an [[fruit#Aggregate fruit|aggregate fruit]] of numerous [[drupe]]lets around a central core. Ripening occurs from early summer. The canes have fine, red thorns, which appear much like red hair.<ref name=foc/><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2610 ''Rubus phoenicolasius'']</ref>
In addition to seed propagation, new plants are formed from the tips of existing canes touching the ground. They enjoy moist soil and grow near and within wooded areas.
===Cultivation and uses===
The species was introduced to [[Europe]] and [[North America]] as an [[ornamental plant]] and for its potential in breeding [[hybrid]] raspberries. It has subsequently escaped from cultivation and become [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] and sometimes [[invasive species|invasive]] in parts of Europe and eastern North America.<ref name=fnwe/><ref>Plant Conservation Alliance: [http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/ruph1.htm Wineberry]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/ruph.htm | title=Wineberry | work=Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas | author=Swearingen, J., Reshetiloff, K., Slattery, B., & Zwicker, S. | publisher=National Park Service and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service | year=2002}}</ref>
They are also called Wine raspberries. "[[Wineberry (New Zealand)|Wineberry]]" is also the common name of a tree [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[New Zealand]].
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{commons|Rubus phoenicolasius}}
[[Category:Rubus]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Rubus phoenicolasius''
| image = Rubus_phoenicolasius - fruits.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Rosoideae]]
| genus = '''''[[Rubus]]'''''
| species = '''''R. phoenicolasius'''''
| binomial = ''Rubus phoenicolasius''
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Maximowicz|Maxim]].
}}
'''''Rubus phoenicolasius''''' ('''Japanese Wineberry''' or '''Wineberry''') is a species of [[raspberry]] (''[[Rubus]]'' subgenus ''[[Rubus#Scientific_classification|Idaeobatus]]'') native to northern [[China]], [[Japan]], and [[Korea]].<ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011527 ''Rubus phoenicolasius'']</ref>
It is a [[perennial plant]] which bears [[biennial plant|biennial]] stems ("canes") from the perennial root system. In its first year, a new stem grows vigorously to its full height of 1-3 m, unbranched, and bearing large pinnate [[leaf|leaves]] with three or five leaflets; normally it does not produce any flowers. In its second year, the stem does not grow taller, but produces several side shoots, which bear smaller leaves always with three leaflets; the leaves are white underneath. The [[flower]]s are produced in late spring on short, very bristly [[raceme]]s on the tips of these side shoots, each flower 6–10 mm diameter with five purplish red to pink [[petal]]s and a bristly [[calyx (botany)|calyx]]. The [[fruit]] is orange or red, about 1 cm diameter, edible but sharp, produced in summer or early autumn; in [[botany|botanical]] terminology, it is not a [[berry]] at all, but an [[fruit#Aggregate fruit|aggregate fruit]] of numerous [[drupe]]lets around a central core. Ripening occurs from early summer. The canes have fine, red thorns, which appear much like red hair.<ref name=foc/><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2610 ''Rubus phoenicolasius'']</ref>
In addition to seed propagation, new plants are formed from the tips of existing canes touching the ground. They enjoy moist soil and grow near and within wooded areas.
===Cultivation and uses===
The species was introduced to [[Europe]] and [[North America]] as an [[ornamental plant]] and for its potential in breeding [[hybrid]] raspberries. It has subsequently escaped from cultivation and become [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] and sometimes [[invasive species|invasive]] in parts of Europe and eastern North America.<ref name=fnwe/><ref>Plant Conservation Alliance: [http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/ruph1.htm Wineberry]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/ruph.htm | title=Wineberry | work=Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas | author=Swearingen, J., Reshetiloff, K., Slattery, B., & Zwicker, S. | publisher=National Park Service and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service | year=2002}}</ref>
They are also called Wine raspberries. "[[Wineberry (New Zealand)|Wineberry]]" is also the common name of a tree [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[New Zealand]].
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{commons|Rubus phoenicolasius}}
[[Category:Rubus]]