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Difference between revisions of "Salix nigra"

 
 
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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Salicaceae
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| name = Black Willow
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|genus=Salix
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| image = Salix-nigra(01).jpg
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|species=nigra
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| image_width = 200px
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|taxo_author=Marshall
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| status = G5
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|common_name=Black willow
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| status_system = TNC
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| status_ref = <ref name=natureserve>{{Cite web
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|Min ht box=10
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  | publisher =NatureServe
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|Min ht metric=ft
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  | title = Salix nigra
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|Max ht box=30
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  | work = NatureServe Explorer
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|Max ht metric=ft
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  | url = http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Salix+nigra+
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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  | accessdate = 2007-07-22}}</ref>
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|Max wd box=15
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|Max wd metric=ft
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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|origin=E United States
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| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
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|lifespan=perennial
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| familia = [[Salicaceae]]
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| genus = ''[[Willow|Salix]]''
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|exposure=sun
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| species = '''''S. nigra'''''
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|water=wet, moist
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| binomial = ''Salix nigra''
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|water_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
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| binomial_authority = Marsh.
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|features=flowers
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|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring
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|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|min_zone=4
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|max_zone=10
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|image=Salix nigra Morton 180-88-3.jpg
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|image_width=180
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|image_caption=Cultivated Specimen
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Salix nigra''''' ('''Black Willow''') is a species of [[willow]] native to eastern [[North America]], from [[New Brunswick]] and southern [[Ontario]] west to [[Minnesota]], and south to northern [[Florida]] and [[Texas]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?102718 ''Salix nigra'']</ref>
  
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'''''Salix nigra''''', commonly known as the '''black willow''', is a tree species native to eastern [[North America]]. It is present from [[Nova Scotia]] and southern [[Ontario]], west to [[Nebraska]] and southeastern [[Arizona]] and south to [[Florida]] and northeastern [[Mexico]]. The largest American species of willow, it is typically found along streams and in swamps, hence it is also known as the '''swamp willow''' (not to be confused with ''[[Swamp Willow|Salix myrtilloides]]''). Goodding's willow  (''[[Salix gooddingii]]'') is sometimes considered a variety of the black willow, which would extend its range to western North America.
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[[File:Salix nigra catkins 8001.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Flowers]]It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]], the largest North American species of willow, growing to 10-30 m tall, exceptionally up to 45 m, with a trunk 50–80 cm diameter. The [[bark]] is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees. The shoots are slender, variable in color from green to brown, yellow or purplish; they are (like the related European ''[[Salix fragilis]]'') brittle at the base, snapping evenly at the branch junction if bent sharply. The foliage buds are small, 2–4 mm long, with a single pointed reddish-brown bud scale. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, long, thin, 5-15 cm long and 0.5-2 cm broad, usually somewhat [[leaf shape|falcate]], dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin, a short [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] and a pair of small [[stipule]]s. It is [[Plant sexuality|dioecious]], with small, greenish yellow to yellow [[flower]]s borne on [[catkin]]s 2.5-7.5 cm long in early spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The [[fruit]] is a 5 mm [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered [[seed]]s. It is typically found along streams and in swamps.<ref name=borealforest>Tree Species of the World's Boreal Forests: [http://www.borealforest.org/world/trees/black_willow.htm ''Salix nigra'']</ref><ref name=ncp>Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: [http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/SANI.htm ''Salix nigra'']</ref><ref name=nb>New Brunswick tree and shrub species of concern: [http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/subsite/mx-212/blackwillow ''Salix nigra'']</ref>
  
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==Description==
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''[[Salix gooddingii]]'' (Goodding's Willow) is sometimes included in ''S. nigra'' as a [[variety (botany)|variety]], as ''S. nigra'' var. ''vallicola'' Dudley; when included, this extends the species' range to western North America. However, the two are usually treated as distinct species.<ref name=usda>USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAGO ''Salix gooddingii'']</ref>
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It is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]], growing to 20-30 m in good conditions, exceptionally up to 40 m. It has long, thin [[leaf|leaves]], 7-13 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, dark, shiny green color, with a lighter green underside. It is [[Plant sexuality|dioecious]], with small, green [[flower]]s that are borne on [[catkin]]s 2.5-7.5 cm long. The [[fruit]] is a 5 mm [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered [[seed]]s.
 
  
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==Uses==
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{{Inc|
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Black Willow roots are very bitter, and have been used as a substitute for [[quinine]] in the past.
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[[Salix]] nigra. Black Willow. Tree, 30-40 ft. high: bark flaky, often becoming shaggy: twigs brittle at base: buds small: lvs. lanceolate, green both sides, finely and evenly serrate: aments 1-2 in. long; scales oblong, deciduous; stamens 3-6; ovary ovate-conical, glabrous; style short but distinct. E. N. Amer. Var. falcata, Pursh. Lvs. elongated, narrow and falcate.
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The Great Lakes Ojibwe used the young branches and twigs to make baskets and other parts were used to treat indigestion.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Varieties==
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==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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==References==  
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/sani.htm Bioimages: ''Salix nigra'']
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.borealforest.org/world/trees/black_willow.htm Borealforest: ''Salix nigra'']
 
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*{{commons-inline}}
 
  
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[[Category:Salicaceae|Willow, Black]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Flora of Canada]]
 
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[[Category:Flora of the United States]]
 
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[[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
 

Latest revision as of 18:17, 7 May 2010


Cultivated Specimen


Plant Characteristics
Height: ⇕ 10 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 10. to 30 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 30.
Width: ⇔ 15 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ E United States
Bloom: ❀ early spring, mid spring, late spring
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Water: ◍ wet, moist
Features: ✓ flowers
USDA Zones: 4 to 10
Scientific Names

Salicaceae >

Salix >

nigra >

Marshall >


Salix nigra (Black Willow) is a species of willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.[1]

Flowers

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree, the largest North American species of willow, growing to 10-30 m tall, exceptionally up to 45 m, with a trunk 50–80 cm diameter. The bark is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees. The shoots are slender, variable in color from green to brown, yellow or purplish; they are (like the related European Salix fragilis) brittle at the base, snapping evenly at the branch junction if bent sharply. The foliage buds are small, 2–4 mm long, with a single pointed reddish-brown bud scale. The leaves are alternate, long, thin, 5-15 cm long and 0.5-2 cm broad, usually somewhat falcate, dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin, a short petiole and a pair of small stipules. It is dioecious, with small, greenish yellow to yellow flowers borne on catkins 2.5-7.5 cm long in early spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The fruit is a 5 mm capsule which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered seeds. It is typically found along streams and in swamps.[2][3][4]

Salix gooddingii (Goodding's Willow) is sometimes included in S. nigra as a variety, as S. nigra var. vallicola Dudley; when included, this extends the species' range to western North America. However, the two are usually treated as distinct species.[5]


Read about Salix nigra in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Salix nigra. Black Willow. Tree, 30-40 ft. high: bark flaky, often becoming shaggy: twigs brittle at base: buds small: lvs. lanceolate, green both sides, finely and evenly serrate: aments 1-2 in. long; scales oblong, deciduous; stamens 3-6; ovary ovate-conical, glabrous; style short but distinct. E. N. Amer. Var. falcata, Pursh. Lvs. elongated, narrow and falcate.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

  1. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Salix nigra
  2. ↑ Tree Species of the World's Boreal Forests: Salix nigra
  3. ↑ Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: Salix nigra
  4. ↑ New Brunswick tree and shrub species of concern: Salix nigra
  5. ↑ USDA Plants Profile: Salix gooddingii

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Salix_nigra&oldid=127985"